Edwin Parker - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Edwin Parker
Telecommunications Policy, 1993
Communication Booknotes, 1991
Go to AGRIS search. Electronic byways: state policies for rural development through telecommunica... more Go to AGRIS search. Electronic byways: state policies for rural development through telecommunications. ...
Regional Bell Operating Companies 37 1-2. Small Telephone Companies Serving Rural Areas 39 2-1. R... more Regional Bell Operating Companies 37 1-2. Small Telephone Companies Serving Rural Areas 39 2-1. Role of Public Utilities Commissions 62 2-2. PUC Staff Working Exclusively on Telecommunications 4-1. Location of the Four Study Sites TABLES 1-1. Rural Electronic Highways 40 4-1. CommunityComparisons 6-1. Population Density Related to Economic Measures 6-2. Population Density Related to Telecommunications 6-3. Unemployment Related to Telecommunications 6-4. Predicting Oregon Unemployment from Population Density and Telecommunications Measures 6-5. Predicting Washington Unemployment from Population Density and Telecommunications Measures 6-6. Predicting Washington Income from Population Density and Telecommunications Measures A-1. Number of Multiparty Lines for REA Borrowers A-2. Switching Equipment Used by REA Borrowers 236
Stanford University, in planning for cable television, should be aware of the future possibilitie... more Stanford University, in planning for cable television, should be aware of the future possibilities and the costs. It should join the City of Palo Alto in obtaining a cable system, assuming that Palo Alto selects a modern two-way (subscriber response capability) system. Interconnection with other mid-Peninsula cable television systems is desirable, not only for reasons of economy, but also for the opportunity of reaching larger audiences with Stanford originated material. At least 10 percent of the channels of the cable system should be reserved for educational and instructional program origination by local educational institutions, including Stanford. A minimum of 24 channels should be provided, with provision for increasing the number of channels, if needed. Innovative opportunities include low-cost videotaping of seminars, extended language laboratory capability, dial-access information systems, access to educational video cassettes, and computer-aided instruction. Experimental instructional service could be offered on an open enrollment basis to the surrounding community, expanding the potential for lifelong learning. The suggestion is made that the Federal Communications Commission allow some funds to be paid to local institutions for educational programing. (MF)
SPIRES (Stanford Public Information REtrieval System) is a computer information storage and retri... more SPIRES (Stanford Public Information REtrieval System) is a computer information storage and retrieval system being developed at Stanford University with funding from the National Science Foundation. SPIRES has two major goals: to provide a user-oriented, interactive, on-line retrieval syste for a variety of researchers at Stanford; and to support the automation efforts of the university libraries by developing and implementing common software. SPIRES I, a prototype system, was implemented at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in 1969, from a design based on a 1967 information study involving physicists at SLAC. Its primary data base is a high-energy-physics preprints file. Evaluation of SPIRES I resulted in the definition of a production information storage and retrieval system, SPIRES II. This system will be available-daily, beginning in mid-1972, to faculty, staff, and students of the University.-It is characterized by flexibility, simplicity, and economy. _SPIRES II will operate on-line on an IBM 360/67 computer. This report summarizes the uses of the SPIRES I system over the past year and describes both the nature of SPIRES II and this system,s development over the past year.
![Research paper thumbnail of [Forecast Use of Telecommunication Technology in 1985.]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/97289629/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Imagine that the year is 1985. The nationwide implementation of telec3mmunications technology has... more Imagine that the year is 1985. The nationwide implementation of telec3mmunications technology has caused dramatic changes in the use of television in the past 15 years since the 1970's. These changes were initiated when cable television was expanded into the large cities and sets were connected to neighborhood centers which had a channel capacity of up to 200 and large cassette libraries. Two-way instructional television began in 1973 with the use of a simple touch-tone pad connected to a computer at the other end. Then, in 1974, with the implementation of six pilot programs which used large capacity cable television systems in conjunction with the touch-tone pad, coupled with rapid expansion of video cassette players and governmental interest, a system was developed which allowed television sets to be used as computer terminals. By 1980, the telecommunications system was well-developed, and made preschool, supplementary, and continuing education available. Now, in 1985, communication satellites are being used to interconnect three overlapping cable television systems (national, regional, and local), and to provide low cost, 24-hour service to all areas. (SH)
The influence of social trends, economic trends and developments in information technology on the... more The influence of social trends, economic trends and developments in information technology on the information needs of the people of the United States is examined in this essay. The focus is on the period from 1975 to 1980, a time close enough to the present that some projections and predictions may be based on more than guesswork, yet far enough away that there is still time to plan and implement plans. After a brief introductory section, this essay deals in turn with economic trends, technology trends, and social trends, as each is likely to influence information needs. Some suggestions for meeting the needs indicated by these trends are interspersed throughout. The concluding section highlights the major questions concerning national information policy that are raised by-Cne trends discussed.
Bulletin of the American Society For Information Science, 1978
The Kennedy Assasination and the American Public, 1965
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00405847309542444, Nov 5, 2009
IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1975
The major premise of this paper is that telecommunication services can play important roles in ru... more The major premise of this paper is that telecommunication services can play important roles in rural development. The authors argue that the implementation of a telecommunication infrastructure should be a high priority for development planners. An analysis is presented of the application of telecommunication in rural economic development, sociopolitical organization, and the extension of basic social services. The authors cite examples of applications of two-way audio communication and conference-circuits for remote areas. The advantages of satellites for providing telecommunication services to rural settlements are presented, and communication policy options for developing regions are outlined. I. INTRODUCTION 0 URS IS AN AGE of technological innovation in communication. I n industrialized societies innovations such as cable television, communication satellites, and computers are additions to an already complex communications environment. However, in many parts of the world, including parts of North America such as rural Alaska and northern Canada, basic communication capabilities such as telephone services and television broadcasting do not exist. I n these areas, development planners are faced with the decision of ordering development priorities and determining how to achieve them. This paper presents a case for the central role of telecommunication planning in rural development. We argue that the implementation of a telecommunication infrastructure should be high on a development priority list because communication is a crucial requirement for the planning and operation of any economic system, and because communication is also a powerful tool for sociopolitical organization and the extension of basic social services. We point out that recent innovations in communication technology have reduced the cost of extending telecommunication services to remote areas. communication planners are advised to take advantage of these advances, but also to insist on special options to meet the needs of their particular country, rather than simply ordering the latest North American-designed equipment.
Telecommunications Policy, 1993
Communication Booknotes, 1991
Go to AGRIS search. Electronic byways: state policies for rural development through telecommunica... more Go to AGRIS search. Electronic byways: state policies for rural development through telecommunications. ...
Regional Bell Operating Companies 37 1-2. Small Telephone Companies Serving Rural Areas 39 2-1. R... more Regional Bell Operating Companies 37 1-2. Small Telephone Companies Serving Rural Areas 39 2-1. Role of Public Utilities Commissions 62 2-2. PUC Staff Working Exclusively on Telecommunications 4-1. Location of the Four Study Sites TABLES 1-1. Rural Electronic Highways 40 4-1. CommunityComparisons 6-1. Population Density Related to Economic Measures 6-2. Population Density Related to Telecommunications 6-3. Unemployment Related to Telecommunications 6-4. Predicting Oregon Unemployment from Population Density and Telecommunications Measures 6-5. Predicting Washington Unemployment from Population Density and Telecommunications Measures 6-6. Predicting Washington Income from Population Density and Telecommunications Measures A-1. Number of Multiparty Lines for REA Borrowers A-2. Switching Equipment Used by REA Borrowers 236
Stanford University, in planning for cable television, should be aware of the future possibilitie... more Stanford University, in planning for cable television, should be aware of the future possibilities and the costs. It should join the City of Palo Alto in obtaining a cable system, assuming that Palo Alto selects a modern two-way (subscriber response capability) system. Interconnection with other mid-Peninsula cable television systems is desirable, not only for reasons of economy, but also for the opportunity of reaching larger audiences with Stanford originated material. At least 10 percent of the channels of the cable system should be reserved for educational and instructional program origination by local educational institutions, including Stanford. A minimum of 24 channels should be provided, with provision for increasing the number of channels, if needed. Innovative opportunities include low-cost videotaping of seminars, extended language laboratory capability, dial-access information systems, access to educational video cassettes, and computer-aided instruction. Experimental instructional service could be offered on an open enrollment basis to the surrounding community, expanding the potential for lifelong learning. The suggestion is made that the Federal Communications Commission allow some funds to be paid to local institutions for educational programing. (MF)
SPIRES (Stanford Public Information REtrieval System) is a computer information storage and retri... more SPIRES (Stanford Public Information REtrieval System) is a computer information storage and retrieval system being developed at Stanford University with funding from the National Science Foundation. SPIRES has two major goals: to provide a user-oriented, interactive, on-line retrieval syste for a variety of researchers at Stanford; and to support the automation efforts of the university libraries by developing and implementing common software. SPIRES I, a prototype system, was implemented at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in 1969, from a design based on a 1967 information study involving physicists at SLAC. Its primary data base is a high-energy-physics preprints file. Evaluation of SPIRES I resulted in the definition of a production information storage and retrieval system, SPIRES II. This system will be available-daily, beginning in mid-1972, to faculty, staff, and students of the University.-It is characterized by flexibility, simplicity, and economy. _SPIRES II will operate on-line on an IBM 360/67 computer. This report summarizes the uses of the SPIRES I system over the past year and describes both the nature of SPIRES II and this system,s development over the past year.
Imagine that the year is 1985. The nationwide implementation of telec3mmunications technology has... more Imagine that the year is 1985. The nationwide implementation of telec3mmunications technology has caused dramatic changes in the use of television in the past 15 years since the 1970's. These changes were initiated when cable television was expanded into the large cities and sets were connected to neighborhood centers which had a channel capacity of up to 200 and large cassette libraries. Two-way instructional television began in 1973 with the use of a simple touch-tone pad connected to a computer at the other end. Then, in 1974, with the implementation of six pilot programs which used large capacity cable television systems in conjunction with the touch-tone pad, coupled with rapid expansion of video cassette players and governmental interest, a system was developed which allowed television sets to be used as computer terminals. By 1980, the telecommunications system was well-developed, and made preschool, supplementary, and continuing education available. Now, in 1985, communication satellites are being used to interconnect three overlapping cable television systems (national, regional, and local), and to provide low cost, 24-hour service to all areas. (SH)
The influence of social trends, economic trends and developments in information technology on the... more The influence of social trends, economic trends and developments in information technology on the information needs of the people of the United States is examined in this essay. The focus is on the period from 1975 to 1980, a time close enough to the present that some projections and predictions may be based on more than guesswork, yet far enough away that there is still time to plan and implement plans. After a brief introductory section, this essay deals in turn with economic trends, technology trends, and social trends, as each is likely to influence information needs. Some suggestions for meeting the needs indicated by these trends are interspersed throughout. The concluding section highlights the major questions concerning national information policy that are raised by-Cne trends discussed.
Bulletin of the American Society For Information Science, 1978
The Kennedy Assasination and the American Public, 1965
Http Dx Doi Org 10 1080 00405847309542444, Nov 5, 2009
IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1975
The major premise of this paper is that telecommunication services can play important roles in ru... more The major premise of this paper is that telecommunication services can play important roles in rural development. The authors argue that the implementation of a telecommunication infrastructure should be a high priority for development planners. An analysis is presented of the application of telecommunication in rural economic development, sociopolitical organization, and the extension of basic social services. The authors cite examples of applications of two-way audio communication and conference-circuits for remote areas. The advantages of satellites for providing telecommunication services to rural settlements are presented, and communication policy options for developing regions are outlined. I. INTRODUCTION 0 URS IS AN AGE of technological innovation in communication. I n industrialized societies innovations such as cable television, communication satellites, and computers are additions to an already complex communications environment. However, in many parts of the world, including parts of North America such as rural Alaska and northern Canada, basic communication capabilities such as telephone services and television broadcasting do not exist. I n these areas, development planners are faced with the decision of ordering development priorities and determining how to achieve them. This paper presents a case for the central role of telecommunication planning in rural development. We argue that the implementation of a telecommunication infrastructure should be high on a development priority list because communication is a crucial requirement for the planning and operation of any economic system, and because communication is also a powerful tool for sociopolitical organization and the extension of basic social services. We point out that recent innovations in communication technology have reduced the cost of extending telecommunication services to remote areas. communication planners are advised to take advantage of these advances, but also to insist on special options to meet the needs of their particular country, rather than simply ordering the latest North American-designed equipment.