Ekta Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ekta Singh

Spillover of lipoprotein lipase-generated fatty acids from chylomicrons into the plasma free fatt... more Spillover of lipoprotein lipase-generated fatty acids from chylomicrons into the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) pool is an important source of FFA and reflects inefficiency in dietary fat storage. We measured spillover in people with type 2 diabetes (n = 13) using infusions of a [ 3 H] triolein-labeled lipid emulsion and [U-13 C] oleate during continuous feeding, before and after weight loss. Body fat was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and CT. Participants lost ~14 % of body weight. There was a ~38% decrease in meal-suppressed FFA concentration (P< 0.0001) and a ~23 % decrease in oleate flux (P=0.007). Fractional spillover did not change (P=NS). At baseline, there was a strong negative correlation between spillover and leg fat (r =-0.79, P=0.001) and a positive correlation with trunk:leg fat ratio (R=0.56, P=0.047). These correlations disappeared after weight loss. Baseline leg fat (R=-0.61, P=0.027) but not trunk fat (R =-0.27, P=0.38), negatively predicted decreas...

In this paper an improvement of hybrid genetic algorithm has been described. The algorithm has be... more In this paper an improvement of hybrid genetic algorithm has been described. The algorithm has been enhanced with local search operators which are based around heuristic timetabling framework. The population is seeded to produce a solution which cannot be outperformed by the heuristic method alone. A hybridization of (µ+λ) evolution strategies algorithm with local search operators is proposed to solve the problem.

SSRN Electronic Journal

There is a strong perception relating to existence of a high level of non-ionizing electromagneti... more There is a strong perception relating to existence of a high level of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of base station antennas. In the present paper, electromagnetic radiation from base station antennas installed for various wireless communication purposes has been investigated based on equivalent isotropically radiated power calculations. For this purpose, a typical wireless communication site has been selected where GSM, CDMA, 3G/UMTS, and WiMAX antennas are installed. The overall ratio of equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and threshold EIRP combining all services at this particular site has been calculated at ground level and nearby buildings. It has been found that the ratio of EIRP and threshold EIRP is less than unity and thus, the particular site is normally compliant and does not impose any adverse health effects. For general public, the exclusion zone (compliance distance) from GSM, CDMA, 3G/UMTS, and WiMAX antennas have been found at 7.30, 6.076, 7.436, and 6.861 m, respectively.

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.6.13 Abstract: The main objectives of this paper to study the relatio... more DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.6.13 Abstract: The main objectives of this paper to study the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic anxiety among adolescent‟s boys and girls. The Independent Variable of the study is Emotional Intelligence and the Dependent Variable of the study is Academic Anxiety. The Null Hypothesis (H0) was formulated to find out the relationship of the variables. First Hypothesis was that there is no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic anxiety among boys and girls adolescents students. The investigator selected a representative sample of total 200 school students through random sampling method. The age group of the sample was restricted to 10-19 years only. The Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory (MEI) by Dr. S.K. Mangal & Mrs. Shubhra Mangal and Academic Anxiety Scale for Children (AASC) by Dr. A. K. Singh and Dr. A. Sen Gupta was used. To compare the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic an...

Present article gives us the brief introduction of the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), synthesis t... more Present article gives us the brief introduction of the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), synthesis techniques, characterization tools and their applications in the various fields. In the field of nanotechnology, polymer based nanocomposites have become a great area of current research and development. PNCs also include other important areas including barrier properties, biomedical, opto-electronics applicationsand forfuel cell. Polymer based nanocomposite has advantages of low cost, high strength and wide spectrum. Also present reviewemphasizeson the techniques of synthesis and characterization of nanopolymer.

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, 2017

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance but variable expr... more Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance but variable expressivity associated with systemic as well as ocular developmental abnormalities secondary to genetic defects resulting from derangement in neural crest cell differentiation and migration. Systemic findings include mild craniofacial dysmorphism, dental and cardiovascular abnormalities, and redundant umbilical skin. The most common ocular manifestations include a spectrum of posterior embryotoxon, iris atrophy, corectopia, and ectropion uveae with 50% of patients developing glaucoma. There are three types of ARS: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 which result due to mutation in gene PITX2 on chromosome 4, gene FOXAO1 on chromosome 13, and FOXC1 on chromosome 6 respectively. Various clinical trials are being done to identify other genes related to this syndrome. Till date no specific treatment is known except the beta blockers, alpha agonist, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and some prostaglandin analog...

2017 International Electronics Symposium on Engineering Technology and Applications (IES-ETA), 2017

Fire is one of the few disasters that frequently occurred in Indonesia. Jakarta has archived 1139... more Fire is one of the few disasters that frequently occurred in Indonesia. Jakarta has archived 1139 fire incident with more than 20 casualties in 2016. By the rapid development of information technology and communication in Indonesia, it turns out that the number of incident and casualty still cannot be suppressed. This research is focused on early fire detection and home monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Network using 4 sensors such as temperature, air humidity, Carbon Monoxide, and smoke sensors. If the fire probability calculation categorized as high, system will perform an action of unlocking home door lock, turning on alarm, and notifying the user. Based on the trials and testing result, system is able to send notification to user precisely. However, error still can be encountered with up to 0.3% ratio on fire probability calculation.

A field experiment was conducted at SMOF (SHUATS Model Organic Farm), Department of Agronomy, SHU... more A field experiment was conducted at SMOF (SHUATS Model Organic Farm), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Allahabad, (U.P.) during Kharif-2020. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), EC (0.41 ds/m), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (92 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and having ten treatment consisted of Organic manures, viz. Farm Yard Manure (75% N), Farm Yard Manure (100% N),Vermicompost (75% N), Vermicompost (100% N) and growth regulators viz., Sea weed extract (625 ml/ha/spray), Humic acid (2.5 lit/ha/spray). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design which are replicated thrice and effect was observed on Manipuri variety of Bajra. The result shown significantly higher effect on Number of Effective tillers(3.27), Earhead length (34.23 cm),Test weight (11.11 gm.), Grain yield (4.86 t/ha) and Stover yield (7.94 t/ha) were recorded significantly highe...

Present review articles deals with the detail introduction, classification, fabrication technique... more Present review articles deals with the detail introduction, classification, fabrication techniques and optical application of carbon nanotubes. Presently various techniques are used to manufacture MWNTs or SWNTs. The optical properties of CNTs are closely linked to their structure and optical absorption of CNTs is of saturable intensity dependent nature. The various optical properties and detail application as light emitting diode are discussed.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur, zinc and boron treatment com... more A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur, zinc and boron treatment combinations on plant growth, yield and its attributes on mustard at Central Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The treatment combinations of the study were as sulphur (0, 30 and 40 kg/ha) zinc (0 and 5 kg/ha) and boron (0% and 0.2% spray) respectively. There were 12 treatments each replicated thrice.Addition of 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray resulted significant higher seed yield and stalk yield (1893.33 Kg/ha) and (3161.33 Kg/ha) respectively and gross return (₹ 90892.13), net return (₹58396.53) and B:C (1.79) ratio were also recorded higher.

Biomarker is a parameter which is used to measure the progress of disease or the effects of treat... more Biomarker is a parameter which is used to measure the progress of disease or the effects of treatment and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Different types of biomarkers are used in diagnosis as well as prognosis of diseases of cancer. This review focuses on various types of biomarkers and their significance with special reference to cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Acta Parasitologica

PURPOSE Resistance against ivermectin in India has been detected solely implementing in vivo test... more PURPOSE Resistance against ivermectin in India has been detected solely implementing in vivo tests and there is no published report of resistance employing in vitro methods. The present study was carried out to study ivermectin resistance in H. contortus of small ruminants by two in vitro tests and to determine their efficacy in effectively detecting ivermectin resistance in the field isolates. METHODS The present study was carried out in the small ruminant farms of the western region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Faecal samples with high egg per gram of faeces for H. contortus were selected. Two in vitro tests namely Micro agar larval development test and larval development assay were performed for assessing ivermectin resistance in field isolates of H. contortus by subjecting the eggs to different concentrations of ivermectin aglycone. RESULTS The results of the two in vitro tests implicated towards the susceptibility of H. contortus isolates in the area under study. The standard deviations of the two tests was compared and was found to be statistically non-significant. CONCLUSION It can be said that both in vitro tests are reliable for detecting resistance against different anthelmintics including ivermectin.

International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2018

In immersion technique, three doses of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) (100, 300 and 400 μg/l) were a... more In immersion technique, three doses of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) (100, 300 and 400 μg/l) were applied for four different exposure durations (i.e 3, 6, 9 and 12 hrs). It is clear from the obtained data that the immersion of O. niloticus fry in 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at 300μg/liter for 12 hours resulted in the highest percentage of male population (90.00%) showing that exposure time has significant impact (P<0.01). Similarly, other doses were also significant at 5% level of probability. However, the interaction of hormone doses and immersion time were statistically non significant.

While variables of participatory approach to urban planning been studied since long, many planner... more While variables of participatory approach to urban planning been studied since long, many planners and researchers have often deserted the preliminary study of the variables acting as catalysts and hurdles for the implementation of local area plans. This paper adopted the principal component analysis (PCA) to assess variables by finding out the level of redundancy among them from the correlation matrix and grouping indicators with higher similarities into the same factors. We then estimated the unrotated and rotated factor loadings with PCA method. Results from the PCA were acceptable since we obtained extreme loadings after the varimax rotation. The results identified factors in terms of important hurdles and catalysts responsible for successful local area planning. Keywords— Principal Component Analysis, Local Area Planning, Participatory Approach

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological... more This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India held on 29–30 January 2021. This conference is the first of its kind organized by NIT-W which covered an array of interesting topics in biotechnology. This makes it a bit special as it brings together researchers from different disciplines of biotechnology, which in turn will also open new research and cooperation fields for them.

Global environmental issues have emerged owing to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Ecolo... more Global environmental issues have emerged owing to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Ecological imbalance and pollution have raised serious concerns and, thus, led to adoption of better anthropogenic practices and environmental cleanup technologies including physical, chemical, and biological methods. Current treatment practices, although efficient, have made remediation processes complex. Among existing technologies, bioremediation and biotransformation are prominently being used for heavy metal remediation of soil and water, whereas biodegradation is used for toxic pollutants like polyaromatic insecticides, pesticides, plasticizers, and petroleum hydrocarbons. This chapter overviews nanotechnology-based alternative treatment strategies for efficient and sustainable bioremediation and biodegradation. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current technologies as well as comments on the future directions in this field.

Green retrofitting of existing building stocks is inevitable as governments across the world are ... more Green retrofitting of existing building stocks is inevitable as governments across the world are striving to formulate and implement relevant policy measures to achieve the sustainability goals. Green retrofitting or simply greening existing buildings is a very novel concept to reduce the impact of the existing building stock on the ecosystem through energy retrofits and technologies that in turn improve and enhance the overall energy efficiency of buildings, therefore reducing its carbon footprint. In this paper, various policies and processes of green retrofitting systems are investigated. The paper relies on qualitative techniques to capture the perception of different stakeholders to gain better understanding on the barriers and deterrents to greening existing building stocks. A framework of six indicators is derived based on the existing case studies to analyse the different components of Green retrofitting process. The subject of green retrofit and its practice is an under-res...

Spillover of lipoprotein lipase-generated fatty acids from chylomicrons into the plasma free fatt... more Spillover of lipoprotein lipase-generated fatty acids from chylomicrons into the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) pool is an important source of FFA and reflects inefficiency in dietary fat storage. We measured spillover in people with type 2 diabetes (n = 13) using infusions of a [ 3 H] triolein-labeled lipid emulsion and [U-13 C] oleate during continuous feeding, before and after weight loss. Body fat was measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and CT. Participants lost ~14 % of body weight. There was a ~38% decrease in meal-suppressed FFA concentration (P< 0.0001) and a ~23 % decrease in oleate flux (P=0.007). Fractional spillover did not change (P=NS). At baseline, there was a strong negative correlation between spillover and leg fat (r =-0.79, P=0.001) and a positive correlation with trunk:leg fat ratio (R=0.56, P=0.047). These correlations disappeared after weight loss. Baseline leg fat (R=-0.61, P=0.027) but not trunk fat (R =-0.27, P=0.38), negatively predicted decreas...

In this paper an improvement of hybrid genetic algorithm has been described. The algorithm has be... more In this paper an improvement of hybrid genetic algorithm has been described. The algorithm has been enhanced with local search operators which are based around heuristic timetabling framework. The population is seeded to produce a solution which cannot be outperformed by the heuristic method alone. A hybridization of (µ+λ) evolution strategies algorithm with local search operators is proposed to solve the problem.

SSRN Electronic Journal

There is a strong perception relating to existence of a high level of non-ionizing electromagneti... more There is a strong perception relating to existence of a high level of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of base station antennas. In the present paper, electromagnetic radiation from base station antennas installed for various wireless communication purposes has been investigated based on equivalent isotropically radiated power calculations. For this purpose, a typical wireless communication site has been selected where GSM, CDMA, 3G/UMTS, and WiMAX antennas are installed. The overall ratio of equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) and threshold EIRP combining all services at this particular site has been calculated at ground level and nearby buildings. It has been found that the ratio of EIRP and threshold EIRP is less than unity and thus, the particular site is normally compliant and does not impose any adverse health effects. For general public, the exclusion zone (compliance distance) from GSM, CDMA, 3G/UMTS, and WiMAX antennas have been found at 7.30, 6.076, 7.436, and 6.861 m, respectively.

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.6.13 Abstract: The main objectives of this paper to study the relatio... more DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018.6.6.13 Abstract: The main objectives of this paper to study the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic anxiety among adolescent‟s boys and girls. The Independent Variable of the study is Emotional Intelligence and the Dependent Variable of the study is Academic Anxiety. The Null Hypothesis (H0) was formulated to find out the relationship of the variables. First Hypothesis was that there is no significant relationship between emotional intelligence and academic anxiety among boys and girls adolescents students. The investigator selected a representative sample of total 200 school students through random sampling method. The age group of the sample was restricted to 10-19 years only. The Mangal Emotional Intelligence Inventory (MEI) by Dr. S.K. Mangal & Mrs. Shubhra Mangal and Academic Anxiety Scale for Children (AASC) by Dr. A. K. Singh and Dr. A. Sen Gupta was used. To compare the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic an...

Present article gives us the brief introduction of the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), synthesis t... more Present article gives us the brief introduction of the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs), synthesis techniques, characterization tools and their applications in the various fields. In the field of nanotechnology, polymer based nanocomposites have become a great area of current research and development. PNCs also include other important areas including barrier properties, biomedical, opto-electronics applicationsand forfuel cell. Polymer based nanocomposite has advantages of low cost, high strength and wide spectrum. Also present reviewemphasizeson the techniques of synthesis and characterization of nanopolymer.

International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology, 2017

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance but variable expr... more Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance but variable expressivity associated with systemic as well as ocular developmental abnormalities secondary to genetic defects resulting from derangement in neural crest cell differentiation and migration. Systemic findings include mild craniofacial dysmorphism, dental and cardiovascular abnormalities, and redundant umbilical skin. The most common ocular manifestations include a spectrum of posterior embryotoxon, iris atrophy, corectopia, and ectropion uveae with 50% of patients developing glaucoma. There are three types of ARS: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 which result due to mutation in gene PITX2 on chromosome 4, gene FOXAO1 on chromosome 13, and FOXC1 on chromosome 6 respectively. Various clinical trials are being done to identify other genes related to this syndrome. Till date no specific treatment is known except the beta blockers, alpha agonist, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and some prostaglandin analog...

2017 International Electronics Symposium on Engineering Technology and Applications (IES-ETA), 2017

Fire is one of the few disasters that frequently occurred in Indonesia. Jakarta has archived 1139... more Fire is one of the few disasters that frequently occurred in Indonesia. Jakarta has archived 1139 fire incident with more than 20 casualties in 2016. By the rapid development of information technology and communication in Indonesia, it turns out that the number of incident and casualty still cannot be suppressed. This research is focused on early fire detection and home monitoring based on Wireless Sensor Network using 4 sensors such as temperature, air humidity, Carbon Monoxide, and smoke sensors. If the fire probability calculation categorized as high, system will perform an action of unlocking home door lock, turning on alarm, and notifying the user. Based on the trials and testing result, system is able to send notification to user precisely. However, error still can be encountered with up to 0.3% ratio on fire probability calculation.

A field experiment was conducted at SMOF (SHUATS Model Organic Farm), Department of Agronomy, SHU... more A field experiment was conducted at SMOF (SHUATS Model Organic Farm), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Allahabad, (U.P.) during Kharif-2020. The soil of experimental site was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), EC (0.41 ds/m), available N (225 kg/ha), available P (19.50 kg/ha) and available K (92 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design and having ten treatment consisted of Organic manures, viz. Farm Yard Manure (75% N), Farm Yard Manure (100% N),Vermicompost (75% N), Vermicompost (100% N) and growth regulators viz., Sea weed extract (625 ml/ha/spray), Humic acid (2.5 lit/ha/spray). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design which are replicated thrice and effect was observed on Manipuri variety of Bajra. The result shown significantly higher effect on Number of Effective tillers(3.27), Earhead length (34.23 cm),Test weight (11.11 gm.), Grain yield (4.86 t/ha) and Stover yield (7.94 t/ha) were recorded significantly highe...

Present review articles deals with the detail introduction, classification, fabrication technique... more Present review articles deals with the detail introduction, classification, fabrication techniques and optical application of carbon nanotubes. Presently various techniques are used to manufacture MWNTs or SWNTs. The optical properties of CNTs are closely linked to their structure and optical absorption of CNTs is of saturable intensity dependent nature. The various optical properties and detail application as light emitting diode are discussed.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur, zinc and boron treatment com... more A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sulphur, zinc and boron treatment combinations on plant growth, yield and its attributes on mustard at Central Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The treatment combinations of the study were as sulphur (0, 30 and 40 kg/ha) zinc (0 and 5 kg/ha) and boron (0% and 0.2% spray) respectively. There were 12 treatments each replicated thrice.Addition of 40 Kg S along with 5 kg Zn and 0.2% Boron spray resulted significant higher seed yield and stalk yield (1893.33 Kg/ha) and (3161.33 Kg/ha) respectively and gross return (₹ 90892.13), net return (₹58396.53) and B:C (1.79) ratio were also recorded higher.

Biomarker is a parameter which is used to measure the progress of disease or the effects of treat... more Biomarker is a parameter which is used to measure the progress of disease or the effects of treatment and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. Different types of biomarkers are used in diagnosis as well as prognosis of diseases of cancer. This review focuses on various types of biomarkers and their significance with special reference to cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Acta Parasitologica

PURPOSE Resistance against ivermectin in India has been detected solely implementing in vivo test... more PURPOSE Resistance against ivermectin in India has been detected solely implementing in vivo tests and there is no published report of resistance employing in vitro methods. The present study was carried out to study ivermectin resistance in H. contortus of small ruminants by two in vitro tests and to determine their efficacy in effectively detecting ivermectin resistance in the field isolates. METHODS The present study was carried out in the small ruminant farms of the western region of Uttar Pradesh, India. Faecal samples with high egg per gram of faeces for H. contortus were selected. Two in vitro tests namely Micro agar larval development test and larval development assay were performed for assessing ivermectin resistance in field isolates of H. contortus by subjecting the eggs to different concentrations of ivermectin aglycone. RESULTS The results of the two in vitro tests implicated towards the susceptibility of H. contortus isolates in the area under study. The standard deviations of the two tests was compared and was found to be statistically non-significant. CONCLUSION It can be said that both in vitro tests are reliable for detecting resistance against different anthelmintics including ivermectin.

International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 2018

In immersion technique, three doses of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) (100, 300 and 400 μg/l) were a... more In immersion technique, three doses of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) (100, 300 and 400 μg/l) were applied for four different exposure durations (i.e 3, 6, 9 and 12 hrs). It is clear from the obtained data that the immersion of O. niloticus fry in 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at 300μg/liter for 12 hours resulted in the highest percentage of male population (90.00%) showing that exposure time has significant impact (P<0.01). Similarly, other doses were also significant at 5% level of probability. However, the interaction of hormone doses and immersion time were statistically non significant.

While variables of participatory approach to urban planning been studied since long, many planner... more While variables of participatory approach to urban planning been studied since long, many planners and researchers have often deserted the preliminary study of the variables acting as catalysts and hurdles for the implementation of local area plans. This paper adopted the principal component analysis (PCA) to assess variables by finding out the level of redundancy among them from the correlation matrix and grouping indicators with higher similarities into the same factors. We then estimated the unrotated and rotated factor loadings with PCA method. Results from the PCA were acceptable since we obtained extreme loadings after the varimax rotation. The results identified factors in terms of important hurdles and catalysts responsible for successful local area planning. Keywords— Principal Component Analysis, Local Area Planning, Participatory Approach

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological... more This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at the National Conference on Biological, Biochemical, Biomedical, Bioenergy, and Environmental Biotechnology (NCB4EBT-2021) Organized by the Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, India held on 29–30 January 2021. This conference is the first of its kind organized by NIT-W which covered an array of interesting topics in biotechnology. This makes it a bit special as it brings together researchers from different disciplines of biotechnology, which in turn will also open new research and cooperation fields for them.

Global environmental issues have emerged owing to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Ecolo... more Global environmental issues have emerged owing to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Ecological imbalance and pollution have raised serious concerns and, thus, led to adoption of better anthropogenic practices and environmental cleanup technologies including physical, chemical, and biological methods. Current treatment practices, although efficient, have made remediation processes complex. Among existing technologies, bioremediation and biotransformation are prominently being used for heavy metal remediation of soil and water, whereas biodegradation is used for toxic pollutants like polyaromatic insecticides, pesticides, plasticizers, and petroleum hydrocarbons. This chapter overviews nanotechnology-based alternative treatment strategies for efficient and sustainable bioremediation and biodegradation. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current technologies as well as comments on the future directions in this field.

Green retrofitting of existing building stocks is inevitable as governments across the world are ... more Green retrofitting of existing building stocks is inevitable as governments across the world are striving to formulate and implement relevant policy measures to achieve the sustainability goals. Green retrofitting or simply greening existing buildings is a very novel concept to reduce the impact of the existing building stock on the ecosystem through energy retrofits and technologies that in turn improve and enhance the overall energy efficiency of buildings, therefore reducing its carbon footprint. In this paper, various policies and processes of green retrofitting systems are investigated. The paper relies on qualitative techniques to capture the perception of different stakeholders to gain better understanding on the barriers and deterrents to greening existing building stocks. A framework of six indicators is derived based on the existing case studies to analyse the different components of Green retrofitting process. The subject of green retrofit and its practice is an under-res...