Elena Cosi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Elena Cosi
Redia-Giornale Di Zoologia, 2005
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radical (O2 •- ), hydroxyl ra... more The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radical (O2 •- ), hydroxyl radical (OH • ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in plants is a common event in metabolic and physiological processes. ROS are normally formed in photosynthesis and respiration by the chloroplast and mitochondrial electron transfer chains, respectively, and in metabolic reactions taking place in the peroxisomes. As these active oxygen species are destructive to cellular components such as lipids, nucleic acid and proteins, plant cells are equipped with non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems comprising ascorbate, glutathione, phenols, catalases, superoxide dismutases and peroxidases. Biotic and abiotic stress, such as salinity stress, excess of heavy metals, mechanical shock, UV light, exposure to ozone, water deficiency and pathogen attack, also increase ROS production. In the latter case the release of ROS, referred to as the “oxidative burst”, is one of the earliest respons...
Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, horm... more Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, hormone balance and defence. However, beside the current research, the overall transcriptional response and gene expression of rolB as a modulator in plant is unknown. Transformed rolB tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Tondino has been used to investigate the differential expression profile. Tomato is a well-known model organism both at the genetic and molecular level, and one of the most important commercial food crops in the world. Through the construction and characterization of a cDNA subtracted library, we have investigated the differential gene expression between transgenic clones of rolB and control tomato and have evaluated genes specifically transcribed in transgenic rolB plants. Among the selected genes, five genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein, carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome b 6 /f complex Fe-S subunit, potassium efflux antiporter 3, and chloroplast sm...
programs. Among this phylum many important species (entomopathogenic worms, parasitoids and preda... more programs. Among this phylum many important species (entomopathogenic worms, parasitoids and predators) have been identified and mass produced under factory-like conditions to be subsequently employed in biological control strategies. Some applied problems including correct identification, culture production, genetic stability and storage are fundamental when working with these organisms. Recently, preservation of biological materials through the use of ultra-low temperatures has proved to be a valuable tool also for multicellular organisms such as nematodes. In this paperwe give a look at cryopreservation research forinvertebrate storage to improve their availability for both scientific and commercial needs.
First record of Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus Rühm (Goodey) (Nematoda Aphelenchoididae) in Italy.
Physiologia Plantarum, 2003
Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture contain... more Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture containing 0.12 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mM copper. The seeds were germinated in the presence of the copper solution. The Cu contents increased with the treatment in both shoots and roots, maintaining in the roots a value eight-to ten-fold higher than in the shoots. With the treatment both shoots and roots underwent growth inhibition and an increase in the percentage of dry weight. Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased and glutathione was oxidized as the copper concentration increased, indicating an acceleration of oxidative processes. Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione and low contents of phytochelatin-SH whereas roots showed an opposite pattern, suggesting an utilization of reduced glutathione for phytochelatin synthesis. In both parts phytochelatin-SH content reached the maximum at 5 mM copper and then decreased, reaching at 15 mM copper the control value in the roots and a value five-fold higher than the control value in the shoots. The main phenolic acids represented in R. sativus were chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids whereas the least represented were gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. The phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with the intensification of copper treatment. Notwithstanding these changes, total ascorbate remained 35% higher in the shoots than in the roots. The reduced ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals thus explaining the increase in the phenolic compounds.
Cryobiology, 2008
There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidop... more There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidoptera are extremely important in entomological applications for the protection of agricultural crops and forest ecosystems and also in many aspects of biodiversity conservation. Yet, few studies have dealt with cryopreservation techniques in species of this insect order.
First record of Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus Rühm (Goodey) (Nematoda Aphelenchoididae) in Italy.
Physiologia Plantarum, 2003
Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture contain... more Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture containing 0.12 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mM copper. The seeds were germinated in the presence of the copper solution. The Cu contents increased with the treatment in both shoots and roots, maintaining in the roots a value eight-to ten-fold higher than in the shoots. With the treatment both shoots and roots underwent growth inhibition and an increase in the percentage of dry weight. Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased and glutathione was oxidized as the copper concentration increased, indicating an acceleration of oxidative processes. Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione and low contents of phytochelatin-SH whereas roots showed an opposite pattern, suggesting an utilization of reduced glutathione for phytochelatin synthesis. In both parts phytochelatin-SH content reached the maximum at 5 mM copper and then decreased, reaching at 15 mM copper the control value in the roots and a value five-fold higher than the control value in the shoots. The main phenolic acids represented in R. sativus were chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids whereas the least represented were gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. The phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with the intensification of copper treatment. Notwithstanding these changes, total ascorbate remained 35% higher in the shoots than in the roots. The reduced ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals thus explaining the increase in the phenolic compounds.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001
The effects of in vivo copper on the lipid composition of root plasma membrane and the activities... more The effects of in vivo copper on the lipid composition of root plasma membrane and the activities of membrane-bound enzymes, such as NADPH-dependent oxidases and lipoxygenase, were studied. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture for 11 d without Cu supply or in the presence of 50 mM Cu. Control plants were supplied with 0.3 mM Cu. Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 mM Cu-grown plants, whereas roots grown in Cu-deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control. The 50 mM Cu concentration caused an increase in the leakage of K q ions as well. Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane, a higher phospholipid amount and a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides). Cu depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition. In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio. The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment and even more after the 50 mM Cu supply.
Cryobiology, 2008
There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidop... more There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidoptera are extremely important in entomological applications for the protection of agricultural crops and forest ecosystems and also in many aspects of biodiversity conservation. Yet, few studies have dealt with cryopreservation techniques in species of this insect order.
Journal of Plant Nutrition, Apr 1, 2003
Ten cvs. of four Brassicaceae species were tested to evaluate their copper (Cu) uptake and transl... more Ten cvs. of four Brassicaceae species were tested to evaluate their copper (Cu) uptake and translocation. Germination and root length tests indicated that Brassica juncea cv. Aurea and Raphanus sativus cvs. Rimbo and Saxa were the species with the highest germinability and longest roots at Cu concentrations ranging from 25 up to 200 µM. Raphanus sativus cv. Rimbo grown in hydroponic
Redia-Giornale Di Zoologia, 2005
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radical (O2 •- ), hydroxyl ra... more The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radical (O2 •- ), hydroxyl radical (OH • ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in plants is a common event in metabolic and physiological processes. ROS are normally formed in photosynthesis and respiration by the chloroplast and mitochondrial electron transfer chains, respectively, and in metabolic reactions taking place in the peroxisomes. As these active oxygen species are destructive to cellular components such as lipids, nucleic acid and proteins, plant cells are equipped with non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems comprising ascorbate, glutathione, phenols, catalases, superoxide dismutases and peroxidases. Biotic and abiotic stress, such as salinity stress, excess of heavy metals, mechanical shock, UV light, exposure to ozone, water deficiency and pathogen attack, also increase ROS production. In the latter case the release of ROS, referred to as the “oxidative burst”, is one of the earliest respons...
Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, horm... more Insertion of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB gene into plant genome affects plant development, hormone balance and defence. However, beside the current research, the overall transcriptional response and gene expression of rolB as a modulator in plant is unknown. Transformed rolB tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar Tondino has been used to investigate the differential expression profile. Tomato is a well-known model organism both at the genetic and molecular level, and one of the most important commercial food crops in the world. Through the construction and characterization of a cDNA subtracted library, we have investigated the differential gene expression between transgenic clones of rolB and control tomato and have evaluated genes specifically transcribed in transgenic rolB plants. Among the selected genes, five genes encoding for chlorophyll a/b binding protein, carbonic anhydrase, cytochrome b 6 /f complex Fe-S subunit, potassium efflux antiporter 3, and chloroplast sm...
programs. Among this phylum many important species (entomopathogenic worms, parasitoids and preda... more programs. Among this phylum many important species (entomopathogenic worms, parasitoids and predators) have been identified and mass produced under factory-like conditions to be subsequently employed in biological control strategies. Some applied problems including correct identification, culture production, genetic stability and storage are fundamental when working with these organisms. Recently, preservation of biological materials through the use of ultra-low temperatures has proved to be a valuable tool also for multicellular organisms such as nematodes. In this paperwe give a look at cryopreservation research forinvertebrate storage to improve their availability for both scientific and commercial needs.
First record of Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus Rühm (Goodey) (Nematoda Aphelenchoididae) in Italy.
Physiologia Plantarum, 2003
Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture contain... more Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture containing 0.12 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mM copper. The seeds were germinated in the presence of the copper solution. The Cu contents increased with the treatment in both shoots and roots, maintaining in the roots a value eight-to ten-fold higher than in the shoots. With the treatment both shoots and roots underwent growth inhibition and an increase in the percentage of dry weight. Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased and glutathione was oxidized as the copper concentration increased, indicating an acceleration of oxidative processes. Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione and low contents of phytochelatin-SH whereas roots showed an opposite pattern, suggesting an utilization of reduced glutathione for phytochelatin synthesis. In both parts phytochelatin-SH content reached the maximum at 5 mM copper and then decreased, reaching at 15 mM copper the control value in the roots and a value five-fold higher than the control value in the shoots. The main phenolic acids represented in R. sativus were chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids whereas the least represented were gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. The phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with the intensification of copper treatment. Notwithstanding these changes, total ascorbate remained 35% higher in the shoots than in the roots. The reduced ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals thus explaining the increase in the phenolic compounds.
Cryobiology, 2008
There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidop... more There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidoptera are extremely important in entomological applications for the protection of agricultural crops and forest ecosystems and also in many aspects of biodiversity conservation. Yet, few studies have dealt with cryopreservation techniques in species of this insect order.
First record of Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus Rühm (Goodey) (Nematoda Aphelenchoididae) in Italy.
Physiologia Plantarum, 2003
Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture contain... more Raphanus sativus L. cv. Rimbo was grown for 10 days after emergence in hydroponic culture containing 0.12 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mM copper. The seeds were germinated in the presence of the copper solution. The Cu contents increased with the treatment in both shoots and roots, maintaining in the roots a value eight-to ten-fold higher than in the shoots. With the treatment both shoots and roots underwent growth inhibition and an increase in the percentage of dry weight. Membrane damage and lipid peroxidation increased and glutathione was oxidized as the copper concentration increased, indicating an acceleration of oxidative processes. Control shoots had high contents of reduced glutathione and low contents of phytochelatin-SH whereas roots showed an opposite pattern, suggesting an utilization of reduced glutathione for phytochelatin synthesis. In both parts phytochelatin-SH content reached the maximum at 5 mM copper and then decreased, reaching at 15 mM copper the control value in the roots and a value five-fold higher than the control value in the shoots. The main phenolic acids represented in R. sativus were chlorogenic, vanillic, caffeic, siringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids whereas the least represented were gallic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids. The phenolic acids as well as the total and reduced ascorbate contents increased with the intensification of copper treatment. Notwithstanding these changes, total ascorbate remained 35% higher in the shoots than in the roots. The reduced ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals thus explaining the increase in the phenolic compounds.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001
The effects of in vivo copper on the lipid composition of root plasma membrane and the activities... more The effects of in vivo copper on the lipid composition of root plasma membrane and the activities of membrane-bound enzymes, such as NADPH-dependent oxidases and lipoxygenase, were studied. Plants were grown in hydroponic culture for 11 d without Cu supply or in the presence of 50 mM Cu. Control plants were supplied with 0.3 mM Cu. Growth of roots was severely affected in the 50 mM Cu-grown plants, whereas roots grown in Cu-deficient solution did not show any difference in comparison with the control. The 50 mM Cu concentration caused an increase in the leakage of K q ions as well. Excess metal supply resulted in a decrease in the total lipid content of plasma membrane, a higher phospholipid amount and a reduction of steryl lipids (free sterols, steryl glycosides and acylated steryl glycosides). Cu depletion in the growth solution had only a slight effect on the plasma membrane lipid composition. In comparison with the control, only the excess of Cu caused a decrease in the lipid to protein ratio as well as a change in the phospholipid composition, with a lower phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio. The degree of unsaturation of root plasma membranes decreased following the 0 Cu treatment and even more after the 50 mM Cu supply.
Cryobiology, 2008
There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidop... more There is an increasing need for methods of cryopreservation of arthropods. In particular, Lepidoptera are extremely important in entomological applications for the protection of agricultural crops and forest ecosystems and also in many aspects of biodiversity conservation. Yet, few studies have dealt with cryopreservation techniques in species of this insect order.
Journal of Plant Nutrition, Apr 1, 2003
Ten cvs. of four Brassicaceae species were tested to evaluate their copper (Cu) uptake and transl... more Ten cvs. of four Brassicaceae species were tested to evaluate their copper (Cu) uptake and translocation. Germination and root length tests indicated that Brassica juncea cv. Aurea and Raphanus sativus cvs. Rimbo and Saxa were the species with the highest germinability and longest roots at Cu concentrations ranging from 25 up to 200 µM. Raphanus sativus cv. Rimbo grown in hydroponic