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Papers by Eliana Baglioni

Rammed Earth Conservation, 2012

Ingenio Web Rivista on line di informazione tecnica e progettuale, 2022

L'articolo ci guiderà alla scoperta della terra cruda, un materiale ancestrale usato fin dagli al... more L'articolo ci guiderà alla scoperta della terra cruda, un materiale ancestrale usato fin dagli albori dell'umanità. La terra è stata utilizzata nel corso dei secoli per realizzare edifici funzionali, sicuri e confortevoli, e risulta un materiale valido ancora oggi, che risponde agli obiettivi dell'architettura bioecologica ed ecosostenibile. L'essere umano ha sfruttato al massimo le potenzialità del materiale, sviluppando tecniche costruttive differenti in relazione alle caratteristiche delle terre e innumerevoli culture costruttive locali in funzione delle condizioni climatiche, ambientali, funzionali e culturali.

Link alla rivista on line https://www.ingenio-web.it/35226-costruzioni-in-terra-cruda-dallantichita-allarchitettura-sostenibile

digitAR - Revista Digital de Arqueologia, Arquitectura e Artes, 2013

The present work reports the results of investigations carried out on earthen constructions in th... more The present work reports the results of investigations carried out on earthen constructions in the villages of Tamnougault, Tissergat, Amzrou and Tamngrout, in the Drâa valley (Morocco). This study aims to illustrate the techniques characterizing the local building culture, in order to understand its origins and motivation. Constructions show the use of both rammed earth (pisé) and adobe, used separately in different parts of the building. Floors and roofs are made with palm wood, canes and earth. The built heritage of the Drâa valley is an excellent example of high quality architecture, but also of how the local people and culture were able to respond in an excellent way to the environmental challenge, when the context was very poor in natural resources.

PAST AND PRESENT OF THE EARTHEN ARCHITECTURES IN CHINA AND ITALY, 2021

Speaking of contemporary earthen architecture in Italy is a very thorny subject since at first gl... more Speaking of contemporary earthen architecture in Italy is a very thorny subject since at first glance the raw earth does not seem to be present in current building productions. Nevertheless, at a closer and more curious look, we realize that there are a rich series of small buildings, which make this material gradually re-acquiring space and credibility in the contemporary architectural scene.

The Drâa valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert, and houses one o... more The Drâa valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert, and houses one of the greatest earthen architecture heritage in the World. The present work shows the results of an investigation carried out on the earthen constructions in the Drâa valley, with the aim to know and to document the local building culture and the traditional construction techniques. The built heritage of the Drâa valley is worthy of study because it represents an excellent example of how local population was able to meet, in an excellent and sustainable way, the environmental challenges, starting from the environment and climatic features and from the availability of the construction materials. Unfortunately, the change of life style and the “race to progress” is producing a gradual loss of the traditional constructive culture and the related technical know-how, developed over the centuries. Such difficult situation is confirmed also by the lack of master masons and new skilled workers, ...

The Drâa Valley is located in the southeast of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of ... more The Drâa Valley is located in the southeast of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of the greatest earthen architecture heritages in the World, consisting of ksur (villages) and kasbah (fortified houses). The building's walls are entirely realized with rammed earth and adobe techniques, and the roofs are made with palms wood structure and covered with canes and compacted earth. Unfortunately, life style changes and the "progress race" have produced a gradual lost of the constructive and technical know-how, accumulated during the centuries. This has also contributed to the lack of experienced Masters Craftsmen and new labourers and is jointly in response to the massive diffusion of concrete construction. The paper will describe the vernacular architecture and construction techniques of the Drâa Valley, analyzing the type of pathology and proposing some intervention criteria for conservation and preservation.

Palavras-chave: casas tradicionais; pátio; bioclimática Nota 1 (A) indica as palavras árabes, e (... more Palavras-chave: casas tradicionais; pátio; bioclimática Nota 1 (A) indica as palavras árabes, e (B) indica as palavras berbéres. Curriculum Eliana Baglioni, licenciada em Arquitectura na Universidade de Florença. Participou em várias iniciativas relacionadas com as construções em terra crua e, em geral, com a bioarquitectura. Participação, como autora, num trabalho no Congresso "Ripam 2", Marrocos (2008). Saverio Meca, Professor Titular de produção dos edifícios no Departamento de Tecnologia e Design-TAED da Universidade de Florença, Itália. Desde 2007 é o Director do INN-LINKS Research Center, orientado para investigar sistemas de conhecimento locais e tradicionais no campo da arquitectura, agronomia e culturas materiais, com uma abordagem científica interdisciplinar.

Chile is a country with one of the highest and most frequent seismic activity in the world. Even ... more Chile is a country with one of the highest and most frequent seismic activity in the world. Even though, most of the traditional architecture is built with raw earth techniques. After the Chilean earthquake of February 2010, the level of damage of earthen architecture was severe and diffuse: there were whole earthen towns with complete collapses, and a lot of others with structural damages; also, a great number of houses were demolished. In this context, we analyse the case of Cobquecura, a little town built with earth, located very near to the February 2010 earthquake epicentre. This article aims to describe the earthen architectural typologies and the building technologies, analyse the damage and the intervention criteria for restoration and structural consolidation, inside the Reconstruction Plan in Patrimonial Area, Funded by the Chilean Ministry of Housing (MINVU).

EnglishSantiago Poniente is a quarter in Santiago City, the Chilean capital, born after the Chile... more EnglishSantiago Poniente is a quarter in Santiago City, the Chilean capital, born after the Chilean Independence and the establishment of the Republic (1823), currently it represents one of the few historical areas of the center of the capital, despite not being the oldest part, nor the center of Spanish Colonial foundation Its architecture is representative of the transition from the Colonial period to "modernity" in Chile, where the colonial building culture evolves and blends with the eclectic reinterpretation of the architectural imported styles, adapted to local realities, as a result of the liberal ideas brought by the intellectuals who came to live in this part of tthe city. With the migration of people to other parts of the city from the 30s of the XX century, Santiago Poniente began to suffer a progressive process of decline, housing the poorest social classes, who began to subdivide buildings and could not afford the proper maintenance that their homes merited; b...

Casa-patio, tecniche costruttive tradizionali, terra cruda. ARTICOLO 1.-Introduzione Questo inter... more Casa-patio, tecniche costruttive tradizionali, terra cruda. ARTICOLO 1.-Introduzione Questo intervento intende riportare parte dei risultati ottenuti da una ricerca svolta nella Valle del Drâa (Marocco), nata da un progetto di cooperazione decentrata della regione Toscana (Italia), e sviluppatasi poi nel tempo. Al progetto di cooperazione hanno partecipato i Dipartimenti di Tecnologia (Prof. S. Mecca e E. Baglioni) e Costruzioni (Prof.ri L. Rovero e U. Tonietti) dell'

The Draa Valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of... more The Draa Valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of the greatest earthen arehiteeture heritage in the W orld, eonsisting of ksur and kasbah. The built heritage of the Draa Valley is an exeellent example of how the loeal population and euIture have sueeeed to respond in a sustainable way at the environmental ehallenge, starting from the environment eharaeteristies and the construction materials availability. The materials used are available on site and are totally natural, so they are environmentally friendly, renewable, reusable and have very low production and processing costs. The ksur of the Draa Valley are just one of countless examples of sustainable architecture in the traditional architectural heritage worldwide, but we have wanted to take as an example to reflect on vemacular architecture, considered in their complexity as a type of settlements, housing and construction techniques. In the sustainability building and housing respo...

The Drâa valley, sited in the southeast of Morocco, is characterized by a secular heritage of ear... more The Drâa valley, sited in the southeast of Morocco, is characterized by a secular heritage of earthen buildings with a great architectonic value, realized in rammed earth and earthen brick. In this region raw earth is the most important building material employed both in ordinary and monumental building. The paper reports the results of an experimental investigation carried out on samples from rammed earth walls and from earthen bricks of new production and from ancient constructions useful for restoration design of built heritage and to promote the current use of earthen materials in agreement with both tradition and modern needs. The earthen materials were characterized both from the mineralogical point of view, the grain size distribution and the consistency limits. The mechanical properties were determined both in laboratory, through uniaxial compression test and three point bending test, and in situ, through sclerometers tests. The results of the compositional, physical and mechanical analysis allowed to better know the local building technologies, making it possible to characterize the different earths employed in the buildings and to compare them with reference parameters coming from other case studies available in literature.

The Drâa valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert, and houses one o... more The Drâa valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert, and houses one of the greatest earthen architecture heritage in the World. The present work shows the results of an investigation carried out on the earthen constructions in the Drâa valley, with the aim to know and to document the local building culture and the traditional construction techniques. The built heritage of the Drâa valley is worthy of study because it represents an excellent example of how local population was able to meet, in an excellent and sustainable way, the environmental challenges, starting from the environment and climatic features and from the availability of the construction materials. Unfortunately, the change of life style and the " race to progress " is producing a gradual loss of the traditional constructive culture and the related technical know-how, developed over the centuries. Such difficult situation is confirmed also by the lack of master masons and new skilled workers, jointly to the massive diffusion of the concrete construction. Consequently, many of the earthen building of the Drâa valley have been abandoned or lack the necessary maintenance. The present work tries also to investigate the main recurrent pathologies of traditional buildings and settlements in order to suggest some intervention guidelines (and related safeguarding criteria) for the conservation, preservation and enhancement of this rich heritage.

“Jordanian Vernacular Architecture”, Baglioni E. In “Vernacular Architecture – Towards a Sustainable Future” edito da Mileto C., Vegas F., García L., Cristini V., ISBN 978-1-138-02682-7, 2014, Londra: CRC Press., 2014

This article will attempt to investigate Jordanian Vernacular Architecture which distinguishes it... more This article will attempt to investigate Jordanian Vernacular Architecture which distinguishes itself by the use of various architectural typologies and materials according to the various geo-morphological features of the country. Travelling throughout Jordan, it becomes evident that not much has remained of this architec-ture which until a few decades ago represented the cultural identity of the local civilization and its bond with the territory. It is therefore vital to document said architecture and attempt to activate recovery and re-habilitation programs of what remains.

This research was conceived during a trip to Jordan. A local guide was employed to travelled across the country in order to discover, observe and analyse various traditional architectures with an aim to better comprehend construction processes and differences between settlements. Next, a search and study of what little existing scientific literature remains was performed in order to compare, extend and confirm the col-lected information.

TRADITIONAL BUILDING TECHNIQUES OF THE DRÂA VALLEY (MOROCCO), Baglioni E., Mecca S., Rovero L., Tonietti U. In digitAR - Digital Journal of Archaeology, Architecture and Arts, n° 1, ISSN 2182-844X., 2013

The present work reports the results of investigations carried out on earthen constructions in th... more The present work reports the results of investigations carried out on earthen constructions in the villages of Tamnougault, Tissergat, Amzrou and Tamngrout, in the Drâa valley (Morocco).
This study aims to illustrate the techniques characterizing the local building culture, in order to understand its origins and motivation. Constructions show the use of both rammed earth and adobe, used separately in different parts of the building.
Floors and roofs are made with palm wood, canes and earth.
The built heritage of the Drâa valley is an excellent example not only of high architecture, but also of how the local people and culture were able to respond in excellent way to the environmental challenge in a context very poor in resources.

“Incubadora Verde”, Baglioni E., Munhoz R. In digital Conference Proceedings of “Terra Brasil 2012, IV Congresso de Arquitetura e Construcção com Terra no Brasil”, ISSN 2178-1729, 2012

O documento quer contar a experiência da construção de um galpão, em um viveiro, a ser utilizado ... more O documento quer contar a experiência da construção de um galpão, em um viveiro, a ser utilizado como um local para oficinas e atividades relacionadas aos temas da sustentabilidade. A realização do galpão, projetado pelos arquitetos Rodrigo Munhoz e Eliana Baglioni, foi o primeiro passo para criação de um viveiro educador da Associação Florespi (Associação de Recuperação Florestal da Bacia do Rio Piracicaba e Região).
A premissa do projeto foi utilizar materiais e métodos de construção mais naturais e sustentáveis o possível, além de reutilizar parte dos materiais de demolição do antigo pavilhão.
O galpão de 100 metros quadrados foi feito com uma estrutura de bambu, sob a consultoria do Arquiteto Edoardo Aranha.
O volume utilizado como banheiro é delimitado por paredes de taipa de pilão e fechamentos em "cana da Índia", e tem paredes divisórias feitas de painéis de madeira naval. O chão é de terra batida e a cobertura, de 130 metros quadrados em "telhado verde", com grama e plantas nativas, que requerem pouca manutenção.
A construção do pavilhão, ainda não concluída, foi feita em etapas, sob a direção dos mesmos Arquitetos e da Associação. Para condizer com a proposta de criar um viveiro educador, uma parte substancial do edifício foi construída por meio do "Curso Teórico-Prático de Construção Sustentável", com a participação de mais de 40 pessoas.
Como arquitetos, designers e capacitadores esperamos que este pavilhão se torne uma verdadeira "incubadora verde", não só de sementes, mas também de pessoas mais conscientes e sensíveis à questão da sustentabilidade.

“Il Paesaggio Culturale Urbano e Architettonico del quartiere Santiago Poniente, Cile” Baglioni E., Jorquera N. In “Paisaje Cultural Urbano y Identidad Territorial”, edito da Niglio O., Esempi di Architettura /10, ISBN 978–88–548–0000–0, Roma: Aracne Editrice Srl, 2012

Resumen: Santiago Poniente es un barrio de la ciudad de Santiago, capital de Chile, que se desarr... more Resumen: Santiago Poniente es un barrio de la ciudad de Santiago, capital de Chile, que se desarrolló luego de la Indipendencia chilena y la instauración de la República (1823), y que actualmente representa una de las pocas áreas históricas del centro de la capital, aún no siendo el barrio más antiguo de ella, ni tampoco el centro de fundación.
Su arquitectura es representativa de la transición entre el periodo colonial y la “modernidad” chilena, donde la cultura constructiva colonial evoluciona y se mezcla a la re-interpretación ecléctica de estilos aquitectónicos importados, adaptados a la realidad local, fruto de las ideas liberales de los intelectuales que llegaron a habitar en esta parte de la ciudad.
Con la emigración de los habitantes hacia otros sectores de la ciudad a partir de los años ’30 del S. XX, Santiago Poniente comenzó a sufrir un progresivo proceso de decadencia, acogiendo a las clases sociales más pobres del país, quienes empezaron a subdividir los edificios y no pudieron hacerse cargo de la debida mantención que ameritaban sus viviendas; ello, sumando a la acción sísmica característica de Chile y a la fuerte especulación inmobiliaria ocurrida durante las décadas de 1990-2000, fueron los grandes culpables de la pérdida de gran parte de este importante patrimonio arquitectónico y urbano.
Felizmente, en los últimos diez años, un fuerte movimiento ciudadano ha revertido esta situación, y se está transformando en un barrio vivo, donde sus habitantes luchan ativamente por preservar su patrimonio arquitectonico y cultural.

Abstract: Santiago Poniente is a quarter in Santiago City, the Chilean capital, born after the Chilean Independence and the establishment of the Republic (1823), currently it represents one of the few historical areas of the center of the capital, despite not being the oldest part, nor the center of Spanish Colonial foundation
Its architecture is representative of the transition from the Colonial period to "modernity" in Chile, where the colonial building culture evolves and blends with the eclectic reinterpretation of the architectural imported styles, adapted to local realities, as a result of the liberal ideas brought by the intellectuals who came to live in this part of tthe city.
With the migration of people to other parts of the city from the 30s of the XX century, Santiago Poniente began to suffer a progressive process of decline, housing the poorest social classes, who began to subdivide buildings and could not afford the proper maintenance that their homes merited; besides, the seismic action that characterized Chile and the strong property develpoment speculation that occurred during the decades of 1990-2000, provoked the loss of much of this important architectural and urban heritage.
Fortunately, in the last ten years, a strong citizens' movement has reversed this situation and Santiago Poniente is becoming a living neighborhood, where people are actively struggling to preserve their cultural and architectural heritage.

“The Moroccan Drâa Valley earthen architecture: pathology and intervention criteria”, Baglioni E., Rovero L., Tonietti U. In “Rammed Earth Conservation”, edito da Mileto C., Vegas F., Cristini V., ISBN 978-0-415-62125-0, 2012, Londra: CRC Press., 2012

The Drâa Valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of... more The Drâa Valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of the greatest earthen architecture heritage in the World, consisting of ksur (villages) and kasbah (fortified hous-es).
The walls of the buildings are entirely realized by rammed earth and adobe techniques, and the roofs are made with palms wood structure and covered with canes and compacted earth.
Unfortunately, the change of the life style and the “ race to progress” produced a gradual lost of the con-structive and technical know-how, accumulated during the centuries, and the lack of head masters and new skilled workers, jointly to the massive diffusion of the concrete construction.
The paper will presents the vernacular architecture and building techniques of the Drâa Valley, analyzing the recurrent pathologies and proposing some intervention criteria for conservation and preservation.

“Cobquecura, a southern earthen Chilean town: intervention criteria for the reconstruction after Chilean 2010 earthquake”, Baglioni E., Jorquera N. In “Rammed Earth Conservation”, edito da Mileto C., Vegas F., Cristini V., ISBN 978-0-415-62125-0, 2012, Londra: CRC Press., 2012

Chile is a country with one of the highest and most frequent seismic activity in the world. Even ... more Chile is a country with one of the highest and most frequent seismic activity in the world. Even though, most of traditional architecture is built with raw earth techniques.
After the Chilean earthquake of february 2010, the level of damage of earthen architecture was severe and diffuse: there were whole earthen towns with complete collapses, and a lot of others with structural damag-es; also, a great number of houses were demolished.
In this context, we analyse the case of Cobquecura, a little town built with earth, located very near to the February 2010 earthquake epicentre.
This article aims to describe the earthen architectural typologies and the building technologies, analyse the damage and the intervention criteria for restoration and structural consolidation, inside the Reconstruction Plan in Patrimonial Area, Funded by the Chilean Ministry of Housing (MINVU).

Rammed Earth Conservation, 2012

Ingenio Web Rivista on line di informazione tecnica e progettuale, 2022

Link alla rivista on line https://www.ingenio-web.it/35226-costruzioni-in-terra-cruda-dallantichita-allarchitettura-sostenibile

digitAR - Revista Digital de Arqueologia, Arquitectura e Artes, 2013

PAST AND PRESENT OF THE EARTHEN ARCHITECTURES IN CHINA AND ITALY, 2021

The Drâa valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert, and houses one o... more The Drâa valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert, and houses one of the greatest earthen architecture heritage in the World. The present work shows the results of an investigation carried out on the earthen constructions in the Drâa valley, with the aim to know and to document the local building culture and the traditional construction techniques. The built heritage of the Drâa valley is worthy of study because it represents an excellent example of how local population was able to meet, in an excellent and sustainable way, the environmental challenges, starting from the environment and climatic features and from the availability of the construction materials. Unfortunately, the change of life style and the " race to progress " is producing a gradual loss of the traditional constructive culture and the related technical know-how, developed over the centuries. Such difficult situation is confirmed also by the lack of master masons and new skilled workers, jointly to the massive diffusion of the concrete construction. Consequently, many of the earthen building of the Drâa valley have been abandoned or lack the necessary maintenance. The present work tries also to investigate the main recurrent pathologies of traditional buildings and settlements in order to suggest some intervention guidelines (and related safeguarding criteria) for the conservation, preservation and enhancement of this rich heritage.

The present work reports the results of investigations carried out on earthen constructions in th... more The present work reports the results of investigations carried out on earthen constructions in the villages of Tamnougault, Tissergat, Amzrou and Tamngrout, in the Drâa valley (Morocco).
This study aims to illustrate the techniques characterizing the local building culture, in order to understand its origins and motivation. Constructions show the use of both rammed earth and adobe, used separately in different parts of the building.
Floors and roofs are made with palm wood, canes and earth.
The built heritage of the Drâa valley is an excellent example not only of high architecture, but also of how the local people and culture were able to respond in excellent way to the environmental challenge in a context very poor in resources.

“Incubadora Verde”, Baglioni E., Munhoz R. In digital Conference Proceedings of “Terra Brasil 2012, IV Congresso de Arquitetura e Construcção com Terra no Brasil”, ISSN 2178-1729, 2012

The Drâa Valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of... more The Drâa Valley is located in the south east of Morocco, near the Sahara desert and houses one of the greatest earthen architecture heritage in the World, consisting of ksur (villages) and kasbah (fortified hous-es).
The walls of the buildings are entirely realized by rammed earth and adobe techniques, and the roofs are made with palms wood structure and covered with canes and compacted earth.
Unfortunately, the change of the life style and the “ race to progress” produced a gradual lost of the con-structive and technical know-how, accumulated during the centuries, and the lack of head masters and new skilled workers, jointly to the massive diffusion of the concrete construction.
The paper will presents the vernacular architecture and building techniques of the Drâa Valley, analyzing the recurrent pathologies and proposing some intervention criteria for conservation and preservation.

Chile is a country with one of the highest and most frequent seismic activity in the world. Even ... more Chile is a country with one of the highest and most frequent seismic activity in the world. Even though, most of traditional architecture is built with raw earth techniques.
After the Chilean earthquake of february 2010, the level of damage of earthen architecture was severe and diffuse: there were whole earthen towns with complete collapses, and a lot of others with structural damag-es; also, a great number of houses were demolished.
In this context, we analyse the case of Cobquecura, a little town built with earth, located very near to the February 2010 earthquake epicentre.
This article aims to describe the earthen architectural typologies and the building technologies, analyse the damage and the intervention criteria for restoration and structural consolidation, inside the Reconstruction Plan in Patrimonial Area, Funded by the Chilean Ministry of Housing (MINVU).

Il presente documento è il risultato del progetto di ricerca “INDAGINE SUL MERCATO IMMOBILIARE UM... more Il presente documento è il risultato del progetto di ricerca “INDAGINE SUL MERCATO IMMOBILIARE UMBRO”, svolto nel periodo aprile 2013-aprile2014, che ha inteso far fronte alla carenza di studi di settore sul comparto immobiliare nella regione Umbria (Italia).

La ricerca, oltre ad un’indagine approfondita del mercato immobiliare nella regione Umbria (Italia), fornisce uno strumento di analisi metodologica in grado di monitorare gli indicatori individuati e di produrre pertanto, periodicamente, un report aggiornato.

Lo scopo è quello di interpretare le dinamiche e le tendenze del settore immobiliare e di fornire una base informativa di orientamento per i decisori pubblici -in merito alle attività politiche e di programmazione-, per le imprese di costruzione e gli investitori privati, per i professionisti.

Le macro-tematiche analizzate sono: le dinamiche demografiche e sociali; la domanda e l’offerta immobiliare; il mercato immobiliare e l’accesso al credito; le politiche edilizie. Ad ognuna di esse corrisponde un capitolo della ricerca. Ogni macro-tematica è stata analizzata in funzione delle sotto-tematiche che contribuiscono a definirla, trattate possibilmente a tutti i livelli, regionale, provinciale e comunale, o talvolta a livello nazionale o per macro-aree territoriali –in funzione della reperibilità dei dati di base-.

A conclusione della ricerca è stata redatta una sintesi ragionata focalizzata sul comparto residenziale, che costituisce quello più diffuso e con ricaduta su tutta la popolazione.

Nota: La presente ricerca è stata realizzata dall’Arch. Eliana Baglioni -con il tutoraggio del Dott. Walter Ceccarini e dell’Avv. Paolo Egini di ANCE Umbria-Associazione Nazionale dei Costruttori Edili dell’Umbria- nell’ambito del POR UMBRIA FSE 2007-2013 Asse IV “Capitale Umano”, Obiettivo specifico “l” per l’assegnazione di aiuti individuali per la realizzazione di progetti di ricerca, finalizzato al potenziamento dell’attività di ricerca e di trasferimento tecnologico nelle imprese, nelle università, nelle agenzie e nei centri di ricerca pubblici e privati.

Il lavoro di tesi è nato da un progetto di Cooperazione Decentrata della Regione Toscana che vede... more Il lavoro di tesi è nato da un progetto di Cooperazione Decentrata della Regione Toscana che vedeva come partner ﬁorentini la Scuola Professionale Edile, i Dipartimenti di Tecnologia e Costruzioni della Facoltà di Architettura, il CNR e la Ong marocchina ADEDRA (Association de Développement de la Vallée du DRÂA).

La Valle del Drâa si trova nel sud est del Marocco, vicino al deserto del Sahara e ospita uno dei maggiori patrimoni architettonici in terra cruda del Mondo, costituito da villaggi fortiﬁcati (ksour) e da case-fortezza (kasbah). Il progetto prevedeva un’indagine sul campo, nel maggio 2006, mirata ad investigare i cantieri e i processi di produzione, le tecniche costruttive tradizionali e la struttura economica e sociale, con lo scopo ultimo di documentare e analizzare la cultura costruttiva locale e di redigere un codice locale di costruzione. Una seconda missione è avvenuta nel settembre 2009 in collaborazione con l’Università Cady Ayaad di Marrakech.
Il patrimonio costruito della Valle del Drâa rappresenta un eccellente esempio di come la popolazione e la cultura locali siano riuscite a rispondere alla sﬁda ambientale, partendo dalle caratteristiche dell’ambiente e dalla disponibilità di materiali da costruzione. Gli ediﬁci sono interamente costruiti in terra cruda con le tecniche del pisé e dell’adobe utilizzate distintamente nelle diverse parti dell’ediﬁcio. La struttura di solai e coperture è realizzata con legno di palma, ricoperto di canne e terra.
La conoscenza approfondita delle tecniche costruttive locali e delle caratteristiche dei materiali utilizzati è un passo obbligato per la conservazione e la valorizzazione del patrimonio esistente, ovvero per l’introduzione di innovazioni costruttive adeguate alle esigenze attuali.