Elias A D O L F Tarimo (original) (raw)
Papers by Elias A D O L F Tarimo
African Development Finance Journal, 2024
The study looked at the effects of corporate governance on financial performance of companies lis... more The study looked at the effects of corporate governance on financial performance of companies listed on Dar es Salaam stock exchange. The study chose to investigate the association between corporate governance characteristics; such as board size, board, and audit committee composition, and business financial success, measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Thirteen (13) listed firms made up study population, and companies' financial reports for the years 2010 to 2021 were the source of the quantitative secondary data. E-Views 9 software was used to analyze the data using a linear regression model with dynamic panel data and the Generalized Method of Moments. The results indicated a high correlation between financial performance and the audit committee (ROA & ROE). Similar to this, board size had a beneficial impact on ROA but a negligible impact on ROE. Both financial performance metrics are severely impacted by the composition of the board (ROA & ROE). According to the study findings, both positive and negative effects on financial performance are caused by corporate governance traits (return on assets and return on equity). As a result, the study proposed increased size and composition of the directors in accordance with the level of complexity and operational nature of each of the listed firms.
Journal of Co-operative and Business Studies (JCBS), 2024
In today's competitive business world, organizations either public or private are increasingly lo... more In today's competitive business world, organizations either public or private are increasingly looking for ways to improve employee performance. Organizations need innovative employees who can get the job done better and who can provide effective solutions to work problems. This article provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which innovative working behaviors influence employee performance and how the working environment mediates this relationship within the context of the Tanzania National Health Insurance Fund. Informed by the positivism philosophy and explanatory research design, the study used structured questionnaires to gather quantitative data from 151 employees of NHIF based in Dar es Salaam who were randomly selected. Data were subjected to multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping tests. Results of the analysis revealed that Innovative work behaviour and Working environment were statistically correlated significantly with Employees' Work Performance. The study concludes that, once an organization has good working condition it increases the chance to make their employees innovative at work place, and once employees are innovative, they become more productive. The study recommended that the working environment should be improved to support the innovative work behavior of employees.
https://journals.co.za/journal/ajgd, 2024
This paper investigates the career experiences of female academics in Tanzanian public universiti... more This paper investigates the career experiences of female academics in Tanzanian public universities, employing a qualitative methodology to elucidate their career development trajectories. Data were collected through interviews with senior female academics and a comprehensive literature review and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that career advancement among these women is driven by a desire for professional growth, a commitment to excellence, the influence of role models, family support, efforts to challenge cultural norms, and opportunities provided by scholarships. The study concludes that personal dedication and growth motivation are critical in promoting the career advancement of female academics. It recommends fostering collaborative research, publication, outreach, and consultancy initiatives among male and female academics to support the career development of women in public universities in Tanzania.
Talent management and employee retention, 2023
Employee retention and talent management issues are becoming the most critical workforce manageme... more Employee retention and talent management issues are becoming the most critical workforce management challenges in modern organization. This paper set out to address the effect of talent acquisition and talent reward on employee's retention in Commercial Banks in Tanzania. Human resource departments with a population of 40 individuals were selected to represent the whole population of the CRDB Bank PLC Headquarters. Structured questionnaire based on five points Likert scale was used to collect primary data. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis with the help of SPSS version 25.The paper used statistical graphs, percentages and numbers to present data. Results have proved that: talent acquisition and talent rewards both have a positive impact on employee's retention. Talent rewards had the correlation of (r= 0.878, p< 0.01) while talent acquisition had the coefficient of (r=802, p< 0.01). The paper recommends that, CRDB Bank should introduce new rewarding strategies to keep talent in the organization for a long period of time.
International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts in employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior leadership positions in many public sectors including Local Government Authorities. This paper aimed at examining factors that affect women's representation in top Administrative leadership positions in local government authorities in Mpanda District Councils. The study employed qualitative design to understand the barriers hindering female into top leadership positions. Mpanda District was used as a study case where by thirty (30) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions. Interview and focus group discussion methods for data collection were employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysi...
Social Sciences
Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension ... more Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension schemes in Tanzania. This paper investigated the impact of merging pension funds on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. Specifically this paper intends to examine the impact of merging membership contributions on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. A survey research design was deployed. Total of 100 retirees of Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) retired from 2018 onwards in Dar es Salaam Region were involved. Non-probability sampling technique was deployed and the required sample was selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. The obtained data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis. Overall results of this study showed that merging membership contributions, has positive and significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits (r= 0.311 respectively at 0.05 significant level). The study concludes that, the decision to merge four public pension fund; Local Authority Pension Fund (LAPF), Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF), Government Employees Provident Fund (GEPF) and Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) to form Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) has significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits to retirees in Tanzania. In order to ensure that merging the pension funds improves provision of the retirement benefits, the Government through PSSSF management should take measures such as increase sense of care of the pension contributions to employees of the PSSSF and by strengthening internal control systems.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job s... more It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job satisfaction in the media industry in Tanzania. This paper examines the effect of compensations and social benefits on job satisfaction among employees of Sahara media Group in Tanzania. This study employed simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique. The sample of the study was 80 while the data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Moreover, the data was analyzed through descriptive analysis, frequency and percentage analysis and inferential statistics analysis. The study found that there is a strong relationship between the influence of basic pay, job allowances and job satisfaction. The study recommended that Sahara Media Group should modify and keep providing compensation and social benefits to its employees so as to ensure job satisfaction among them.
Social Sciences, 2020
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts to put in place employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior positions in many public sectors. In Public Universities the situation is the same as the number of academic staff varies between female and male. There is huge gender gap in this career as it is dominated by male. Gender disparity tends to be wider in senior positions. The major objective of the study was to examine factors that affect career progression of female academics to senior positions in Public Universities. The study employed qualitative design to understand academics experiences on the female career progression. Open University of Tanzania (OUT) was used as a study case. Twenty one (21) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions and University management. Interview method for data collection was employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings revealed that family work conflict, culture and gender, lack of mentor and mentoring program, lack of role model, low self-confidence, limited opportunities and networking were factors that discourage career progression of female academicians to senior positions. The findings implied that few female academicians managed to reach senior positions and majorities are struggling to move up. Their failures were associated with traditional gender role, society believes and gender stereotype. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on career progression of female academics which has been under-researched, especially in Tanzania.
Science Publishing Group, 2020
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts to put in place employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior positions in many public sectors. In Public Universities the situation is the same as the number of academic staff varies between female and male. There is huge gender gap in this career as it is dominated by male. Gender disparity tends to be wider in senior positions. The major objective of the study was to examine factors that affect career progression of female academics to senior positions in Public Universities. The study employed qualitative design to understand academics experiences on the female career progression. Open University of Tanzania (OUT) was used as a study case. Twenty one (21) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions and University management. Interview method for data collection was employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings revealed that family work conflict, culture and gender, lack of mentor and mentoring program, lack of role model, low self-confidence, limited opportunities and networking were factors that discourage career progression of female academicians to senior positions. The findings implied that few female academicians managed to reach senior positions and majorities are struggling to move up. Their failures were associated with traditional gender role, society believes and gender stereotype. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on career progression of female academics which has been under-researched, especially in Tanzania.
journals.iaa.ac.tz, 2023
This paper examine the participation of female councillors in decision making of the council. The... more This paper examine the participation of female councillors in decision making of the council. The central question is how and to in what extent do female councillors actually participate in decision-making compared to male councilors. Case study research design was adopted to which a total of 35 questionnaires were administered to respondents. Purporsefully, fifty teen in deph interviews was conducted to to gain more insight. Secondary data were obtained from minutes of meeting of the council and special committee. The researcher analyzed quantitative data through descriptive analysis.The qualitative data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The results revealed that Male councillors have a considerably higher average participation than female councilors. The results further showed that institution position affect female participation in decision making. The study recommended that, the special-seat councillors should be empowered by endowing them with a formal position in the council that
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume VI, Issue III, March 2022|ISSN 2454-6186, 2022
It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job s... more It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job satisfaction in the media industry in Tanzania. This paper examines the effect of compensations and social benefits on job satisfaction among employees of Sahara media Group in Tanzania. This study employed simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique. The sample of the study was 80 while the data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Moreover, the data was analyzed through descriptive analysis, frequency and percentage analysis and inferential statistics analysis. The study found that there is a strong relationship between the influence of basic pay, job allowances and job satisfaction. The study recommended that Sahara Media Group should modify and keep providing compensation and social benefits to its employees so as to ensure job satisfaction among them.
Science Publishing Group, 2022
Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension ... more Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension schemes in Tanzania. This paper investigated the impact of merging pension funds on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. Specifically this paper intends to examine the impact of merging membership contributions on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. A survey research design was deployed. Total of 100 retirees of Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) retired from 2018 onwards in Dar es Salaam Region were involved. Non-probability sampling technique was deployed and the required sample was selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. The obtained data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis. Overall results of this study showed that merging membership contributions, has positive and significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits (r= 0.311 respectively at 0.05 significant level). The study concludes that, the decision to merge four public pension fund; Local Authority Pension Fund (LAPF), Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF), Government Employees Provident Fund (GEPF) and Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) to form Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) has significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits to retirees in Tanzania. In order to ensure that merging the pension funds improves provision of the retirement benefits, the Government through PSSSF management should take measures such as increase sense of care of the pension contributions to employees of the PSSSF and by strengthening internal control systems.
International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review, 2023
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts in employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior leadership positions in many public sectors including Local Government Authorities. This paper aimed at examining factors that affect women's representation in top Administrative leadership positions in local government authorities in Mpanda District Councils. The study employed qualitative design to understand the barriers hindering female into top leadership positions. Mpanda District was used as a study case where by thirty (30) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions. Interview and focus group discussion methods for data collection were employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings show that academic qualification, low selfconfidence, overburdens with domestic responsibilities, number of working days per year and poor institutional arrangements are among the challenges to have blocked women's penetration into top administrative leadership positions. Basing on the findings, its recommended that, there should be community mentorship at the family level to raise children with a mentality of equality, inspire young girls by inviting notable female leaders to address the students, encourage women and give them the chance for a higher degree, and provide frequent leadership training to young women in order to build their capacity. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on barriers facing women penetration in top leadership position which has been underresearched, specifically in Mpanda District
African Development Finance Journal, 2024
The study looked at the effects of corporate governance on financial performance of companies lis... more The study looked at the effects of corporate governance on financial performance of companies listed on Dar es Salaam stock exchange. The study chose to investigate the association between corporate governance characteristics; such as board size, board, and audit committee composition, and business financial success, measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Thirteen (13) listed firms made up study population, and companies' financial reports for the years 2010 to 2021 were the source of the quantitative secondary data. E-Views 9 software was used to analyze the data using a linear regression model with dynamic panel data and the Generalized Method of Moments. The results indicated a high correlation between financial performance and the audit committee (ROA & ROE). Similar to this, board size had a beneficial impact on ROA but a negligible impact on ROE. Both financial performance metrics are severely impacted by the composition of the board (ROA & ROE). According to the study findings, both positive and negative effects on financial performance are caused by corporate governance traits (return on assets and return on equity). As a result, the study proposed increased size and composition of the directors in accordance with the level of complexity and operational nature of each of the listed firms.
Journal of Co-operative and Business Studies (JCBS), 2024
In today's competitive business world, organizations either public or private are increasingly lo... more In today's competitive business world, organizations either public or private are increasingly looking for ways to improve employee performance. Organizations need innovative employees who can get the job done better and who can provide effective solutions to work problems. This article provides valuable insights into the mechanisms through which innovative working behaviors influence employee performance and how the working environment mediates this relationship within the context of the Tanzania National Health Insurance Fund. Informed by the positivism philosophy and explanatory research design, the study used structured questionnaires to gather quantitative data from 151 employees of NHIF based in Dar es Salaam who were randomly selected. Data were subjected to multiple regression analysis and bootstrapping tests. Results of the analysis revealed that Innovative work behaviour and Working environment were statistically correlated significantly with Employees' Work Performance. The study concludes that, once an organization has good working condition it increases the chance to make their employees innovative at work place, and once employees are innovative, they become more productive. The study recommended that the working environment should be improved to support the innovative work behavior of employees.
https://journals.co.za/journal/ajgd, 2024
This paper investigates the career experiences of female academics in Tanzanian public universiti... more This paper investigates the career experiences of female academics in Tanzanian public universities, employing a qualitative methodology to elucidate their career development trajectories. Data were collected through interviews with senior female academics and a comprehensive literature review and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that career advancement among these women is driven by a desire for professional growth, a commitment to excellence, the influence of role models, family support, efforts to challenge cultural norms, and opportunities provided by scholarships. The study concludes that personal dedication and growth motivation are critical in promoting the career advancement of female academics. It recommends fostering collaborative research, publication, outreach, and consultancy initiatives among male and female academics to support the career development of women in public universities in Tanzania.
Talent management and employee retention, 2023
Employee retention and talent management issues are becoming the most critical workforce manageme... more Employee retention and talent management issues are becoming the most critical workforce management challenges in modern organization. This paper set out to address the effect of talent acquisition and talent reward on employee's retention in Commercial Banks in Tanzania. Human resource departments with a population of 40 individuals were selected to represent the whole population of the CRDB Bank PLC Headquarters. Structured questionnaire based on five points Likert scale was used to collect primary data. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis with the help of SPSS version 25.The paper used statistical graphs, percentages and numbers to present data. Results have proved that: talent acquisition and talent rewards both have a positive impact on employee's retention. Talent rewards had the correlation of (r= 0.878, p< 0.01) while talent acquisition had the coefficient of (r=802, p< 0.01). The paper recommends that, CRDB Bank should introduce new rewarding strategies to keep talent in the organization for a long period of time.
International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts in employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior leadership positions in many public sectors including Local Government Authorities. This paper aimed at examining factors that affect women's representation in top Administrative leadership positions in local government authorities in Mpanda District Councils. The study employed qualitative design to understand the barriers hindering female into top leadership positions. Mpanda District was used as a study case where by thirty (30) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions. Interview and focus group discussion methods for data collection were employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysi...
Social Sciences
Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension ... more Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension schemes in Tanzania. This paper investigated the impact of merging pension funds on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. Specifically this paper intends to examine the impact of merging membership contributions on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. A survey research design was deployed. Total of 100 retirees of Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) retired from 2018 onwards in Dar es Salaam Region were involved. Non-probability sampling technique was deployed and the required sample was selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. The obtained data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis. Overall results of this study showed that merging membership contributions, has positive and significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits (r= 0.311 respectively at 0.05 significant level). The study concludes that, the decision to merge four public pension fund; Local Authority Pension Fund (LAPF), Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF), Government Employees Provident Fund (GEPF) and Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) to form Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) has significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits to retirees in Tanzania. In order to ensure that merging the pension funds improves provision of the retirement benefits, the Government through PSSSF management should take measures such as increase sense of care of the pension contributions to employees of the PSSSF and by strengthening internal control systems.
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job s... more It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job satisfaction in the media industry in Tanzania. This paper examines the effect of compensations and social benefits on job satisfaction among employees of Sahara media Group in Tanzania. This study employed simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique. The sample of the study was 80 while the data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Moreover, the data was analyzed through descriptive analysis, frequency and percentage analysis and inferential statistics analysis. The study found that there is a strong relationship between the influence of basic pay, job allowances and job satisfaction. The study recommended that Sahara Media Group should modify and keep providing compensation and social benefits to its employees so as to ensure job satisfaction among them.
Social Sciences, 2020
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts to put in place employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior positions in many public sectors. In Public Universities the situation is the same as the number of academic staff varies between female and male. There is huge gender gap in this career as it is dominated by male. Gender disparity tends to be wider in senior positions. The major objective of the study was to examine factors that affect career progression of female academics to senior positions in Public Universities. The study employed qualitative design to understand academics experiences on the female career progression. Open University of Tanzania (OUT) was used as a study case. Twenty one (21) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions and University management. Interview method for data collection was employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings revealed that family work conflict, culture and gender, lack of mentor and mentoring program, lack of role model, low self-confidence, limited opportunities and networking were factors that discourage career progression of female academicians to senior positions. The findings implied that few female academicians managed to reach senior positions and majorities are struggling to move up. Their failures were associated with traditional gender role, society believes and gender stereotype. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on career progression of female academics which has been under-researched, especially in Tanzania.
Science Publishing Group, 2020
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts to put in place employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior positions in many public sectors. In Public Universities the situation is the same as the number of academic staff varies between female and male. There is huge gender gap in this career as it is dominated by male. Gender disparity tends to be wider in senior positions. The major objective of the study was to examine factors that affect career progression of female academics to senior positions in Public Universities. The study employed qualitative design to understand academics experiences on the female career progression. Open University of Tanzania (OUT) was used as a study case. Twenty one (21) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions and University management. Interview method for data collection was employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings revealed that family work conflict, culture and gender, lack of mentor and mentoring program, lack of role model, low self-confidence, limited opportunities and networking were factors that discourage career progression of female academicians to senior positions. The findings implied that few female academicians managed to reach senior positions and majorities are struggling to move up. Their failures were associated with traditional gender role, society believes and gender stereotype. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on career progression of female academics which has been under-researched, especially in Tanzania.
journals.iaa.ac.tz, 2023
This paper examine the participation of female councillors in decision making of the council. The... more This paper examine the participation of female councillors in decision making of the council. The central question is how and to in what extent do female councillors actually participate in decision-making compared to male councilors. Case study research design was adopted to which a total of 35 questionnaires were administered to respondents. Purporsefully, fifty teen in deph interviews was conducted to to gain more insight. Secondary data were obtained from minutes of meeting of the council and special committee. The researcher analyzed quantitative data through descriptive analysis.The qualitative data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The results revealed that Male councillors have a considerably higher average participation than female councilors. The results further showed that institution position affect female participation in decision making. The study recommended that, the special-seat councillors should be empowered by endowing them with a formal position in the council that
International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume VI, Issue III, March 2022|ISSN 2454-6186, 2022
It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job s... more It is not well known as to what extent compensation and social benefits effects on employee job satisfaction in the media industry in Tanzania. This paper examines the effect of compensations and social benefits on job satisfaction among employees of Sahara media Group in Tanzania. This study employed simple random sampling and purposive sampling technique. The sample of the study was 80 while the data were collected through questionnaire, interview and documentary review. Moreover, the data was analyzed through descriptive analysis, frequency and percentage analysis and inferential statistics analysis. The study found that there is a strong relationship between the influence of basic pay, job allowances and job satisfaction. The study recommended that Sahara Media Group should modify and keep providing compensation and social benefits to its employees so as to ensure job satisfaction among them.
Science Publishing Group, 2022
Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension ... more Prior to merging pension schemes in the year 2018, there were a total of five recognized pension schemes in Tanzania. This paper investigated the impact of merging pension funds on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. Specifically this paper intends to examine the impact of merging membership contributions on the provision of retirement benefits in Tanzania. A survey research design was deployed. Total of 100 retirees of Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) retired from 2018 onwards in Dar es Salaam Region were involved. Non-probability sampling technique was deployed and the required sample was selected using purposive and convenience sampling methods. The obtained data was analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis. Overall results of this study showed that merging membership contributions, has positive and significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits (r= 0.311 respectively at 0.05 significant level). The study concludes that, the decision to merge four public pension fund; Local Authority Pension Fund (LAPF), Parastatal Pension Fund (PPF), Government Employees Provident Fund (GEPF) and Public Service Pension Fund (PSPF) to form Public Service Social Security Fund (PSSSF) has significant impact on the provision of retirement benefits to retirees in Tanzania. In order to ensure that merging the pension funds improves provision of the retirement benefits, the Government through PSSSF management should take measures such as increase sense of care of the pension contributions to employees of the PSSSF and by strengthening internal control systems.
International Journal of Business Management and Economic Review, 2023
Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of ... more Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts in employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior leadership positions in many public sectors including Local Government Authorities. This paper aimed at examining factors that affect women's representation in top Administrative leadership positions in local government authorities in Mpanda District Councils. The study employed qualitative design to understand the barriers hindering female into top leadership positions. Mpanda District was used as a study case where by thirty (30) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions. Interview and focus group discussion methods for data collection were employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings show that academic qualification, low selfconfidence, overburdens with domestic responsibilities, number of working days per year and poor institutional arrangements are among the challenges to have blocked women's penetration into top administrative leadership positions. Basing on the findings, its recommended that, there should be community mentorship at the family level to raise children with a mentality of equality, inspire young girls by inviting notable female leaders to address the students, encourage women and give them the chance for a higher degree, and provide frequent leadership training to young women in order to build their capacity. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on barriers facing women penetration in top leadership position which has been underresearched, specifically in Mpanda District