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Papers by Elizabeth Bernays
Physiological Entomology, Sep 1, 1998
.The effects of three plant acids on the gustatory response of Manduca sexta larvae were examined... more .The effects of three plant acids on the gustatory response of Manduca sexta larvae were examined. Two different categories of response were recorded in the styloconic sensilla of different individuals in the presence of salt: the gustatory response to salt was reduced especially at the lower pHs; the deterrent cell fired particularly at the lower pHs. In some individuals neither response was seen except at the lowest pHs. Additional experiments indicated that the effect was due to pH and not to specific effects of any of the acids. Ascorbic acid was tested with the nutrient carbohydrates glucose and inositol, and was found consistently to reduce the gustatory responses to these compounds. The data indicate that plant acids at natural concentrations could influence food acceptability.
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, May 1, 1994
Animal Behaviour, Jul 1, 1996
The Journal of Experimental Biology, Apr 15, 2000
Ecology, Jun 1, 1997
... animals to obtain a suitable balance of nutrients as a result of mixing nutrients (eg, Pullia... more ... animals to obtain a suitable balance of nutrients as a result of mixing nutrients (eg, Pulliam 1975, Westoby 1978, Rapport 1980, Clark ... or toxic food, or avoiding plants that develop an induced defense are alternative reasons, if there is, indeed, any adaptive reason for mixing. ...
Science, Jan 31, 1986
Individuals of the grass-feeding caterpillar of Pseudaletia unipuncta, reared from hatching on ha... more Individuals of the grass-feeding caterpillar of Pseudaletia unipuncta, reared from hatching on hard grass, had head masses twice as great as those of caterpillars fed soft artificial diet, even though the larvae reached the same body mass. Larvae reared on soft wheat seedlings had intermediate head masses. Thus muscular effort increases muscular development in an insect, which in turn has a dramatic morphogenetic effect on head size. Size differences in the head capsules, with the correlated differences in mandibular power, have a direct effect on the ability of the insects to ingest hard foods rapidly: larger heads are adaptive for dealing with hard grasses.
Ecological Entomology, Nov 1, 1981
Abstract. 1. The bioassays with tannins and insects, and the ecological studies on insects implic... more Abstract. 1. The bioassays with tannins and insects, and the ecological studies on insects implicating tannins, are summarized and discussed.
Ecology, Oct 1, 1994
... EA BERNAYS, KL BRIGHT, N. GONZALEZ, AND J. ANGEL Department of Entomology and Center for Inse... more ... EA BERNAYS, KL BRIGHT, N. GONZALEZ, AND J. ANGEL Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson ... They were cotton (Gos-sypium hirsutum), kale (Brassica oleracea), and basil (Ocimum basilicum), grown in pots in a greenhouse. ...
Choice Reviews Online, Mar 1, 1995
Physiological Entomology, 2000
Modulation of faecal water loss is the principal mechanism by which larval Lepidoptera maintain w... more Modulation of faecal water loss is the principal mechanism by which larval Lepidoptera maintain water homeostasis in the laboratory. Is this also true of larvae in nature? We observed 12 fifth-instar larvae of Manduca sexta feeding on Datura wrightii in the Sonoran Desert, USA ...
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1991
A survey of modern associations in which protists or invertebrates are hosts shows that very few ... more A survey of modern associations in which protists or invertebrates are hosts shows that very few of the many species of photosynthetic microbes are adapted to an endosymbiotic existence. None occurs as intracellular symbionts in animals structurally more complex than cnidarians and platyhelminths. Photosynthetic symbionts are not usually capable of being the sole food source for hosts because they do not provide a balanced diet; most hosts therefore retain holozoic feeding. Interactions between hosts and intracellular symbionts are complex, and have to include mechanisms for inducing release of photosynthate from symbionts as well as controlling symbiont cell division. Possession of symbionts imposes a measurable cost on hosts. For the great majority of animals, the costs of adapting to herbivory or other forms of nutrition are probably less than that of hosting photosynthetic symbionts, especially when the need for exposure of a large surface area to light is borne in mind. Once ho...
Physiological Entomology, Sep 1, 1998
.The effects of three plant acids on the gustatory response of Manduca sexta larvae were examined... more .The effects of three plant acids on the gustatory response of Manduca sexta larvae were examined. Two different categories of response were recorded in the styloconic sensilla of different individuals in the presence of salt: the gustatory response to salt was reduced especially at the lower pHs; the deterrent cell fired particularly at the lower pHs. In some individuals neither response was seen except at the lowest pHs. Additional experiments indicated that the effect was due to pH and not to specific effects of any of the acids. Ascorbic acid was tested with the nutrient carbohydrates glucose and inositol, and was found consistently to reduce the gustatory responses to these compounds. The data indicate that plant acids at natural concentrations could influence food acceptability.
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, May 1, 1994
Animal Behaviour, Jul 1, 1996
The Journal of Experimental Biology, Apr 15, 2000
Ecology, Jun 1, 1997
... animals to obtain a suitable balance of nutrients as a result of mixing nutrients (eg, Pullia... more ... animals to obtain a suitable balance of nutrients as a result of mixing nutrients (eg, Pulliam 1975, Westoby 1978, Rapport 1980, Clark ... or toxic food, or avoiding plants that develop an induced defense are alternative reasons, if there is, indeed, any adaptive reason for mixing. ...
Science, Jan 31, 1986
Individuals of the grass-feeding caterpillar of Pseudaletia unipuncta, reared from hatching on ha... more Individuals of the grass-feeding caterpillar of Pseudaletia unipuncta, reared from hatching on hard grass, had head masses twice as great as those of caterpillars fed soft artificial diet, even though the larvae reached the same body mass. Larvae reared on soft wheat seedlings had intermediate head masses. Thus muscular effort increases muscular development in an insect, which in turn has a dramatic morphogenetic effect on head size. Size differences in the head capsules, with the correlated differences in mandibular power, have a direct effect on the ability of the insects to ingest hard foods rapidly: larger heads are adaptive for dealing with hard grasses.
Ecological Entomology, Nov 1, 1981
Abstract. 1. The bioassays with tannins and insects, and the ecological studies on insects implic... more Abstract. 1. The bioassays with tannins and insects, and the ecological studies on insects implicating tannins, are summarized and discussed.
Ecology, Oct 1, 1994
... EA BERNAYS, KL BRIGHT, N. GONZALEZ, AND J. ANGEL Department of Entomology and Center for Inse... more ... EA BERNAYS, KL BRIGHT, N. GONZALEZ, AND J. ANGEL Department of Entomology and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson ... They were cotton (Gos-sypium hirsutum), kale (Brassica oleracea), and basil (Ocimum basilicum), grown in pots in a greenhouse. ...
Choice Reviews Online, Mar 1, 1995
Physiological Entomology, 2000
Modulation of faecal water loss is the principal mechanism by which larval Lepidoptera maintain w... more Modulation of faecal water loss is the principal mechanism by which larval Lepidoptera maintain water homeostasis in the laboratory. Is this also true of larvae in nature? We observed 12 fifth-instar larvae of Manduca sexta feeding on Datura wrightii in the Sonoran Desert, USA ...
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 1991
A survey of modern associations in which protists or invertebrates are hosts shows that very few ... more A survey of modern associations in which protists or invertebrates are hosts shows that very few of the many species of photosynthetic microbes are adapted to an endosymbiotic existence. None occurs as intracellular symbionts in animals structurally more complex than cnidarians and platyhelminths. Photosynthetic symbionts are not usually capable of being the sole food source for hosts because they do not provide a balanced diet; most hosts therefore retain holozoic feeding. Interactions between hosts and intracellular symbionts are complex, and have to include mechanisms for inducing release of photosynthate from symbionts as well as controlling symbiont cell division. Possession of symbionts imposes a measurable cost on hosts. For the great majority of animals, the costs of adapting to herbivory or other forms of nutrition are probably less than that of hosting photosynthetic symbionts, especially when the need for exposure of a large surface area to light is borne in mind. Once ho...