Eloisa Salina Borello - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Eloisa Salina Borello
Frontiers in energy research, Apr 22, 2024
Concerning the emerging power-togas technologies, which are considered the most promising technol... more Concerning the emerging power-togas technologies, which are considered the most promising technology for seasonal renewable energy storage, Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) has gained attention in the last few years. For safe and efficient storage, possible hydrogen losses due to dissolution into the aquifer must be estimated accurately. Due to safety concerns, experimental measurements of hydrogen solubility in brine at reservoir conditions are limited. In this study, a PVT cell is used to characterize the solubility of hydrogen and its mixtures with methane in saline water/brine. The experiments were carried out at 45, 50, and 55°C and from 1 bar up to 500 bar, mimicking a significant range of possible reservoir conditions. Two brine samples representative of two different reservoirs were tested. Two mixtures of methane and hydrogen (10 mol% H 2 and 50 mol% H 2 , respectively) were considered, along with pure hydrogen, to account for the presence of methane in the primary phase of hydrogen storage in a depleted gas reservoir. In the current paper, a comparison of the experimental results with literature models is provided. At the experiment conditions, the impact of the differences in the composition of the two analyzed brines as well as the impact of the analyzed range of temperatures was not significant. Conversely, a nonnegligible variation in terms of the slope of the solubility curve was observed as a function of the gas mixture composition: the curve increased more steeply as the percentage of hydrogen reduced.
Computers & geosciences, May 1, 2024
84th EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Sep 1, 2023
Second Conference on Forward Modelling of Sedimentary Systems, 2016
Classic geological reservoir characterisation relies on interpolation of high resolution well dat... more Classic geological reservoir characterisation relies on interpolation of high resolution well data with (at best) low resolution seismic derived data. In order to fill the data gap (e.g. in labyrinthine type fluvial deposits) we present a methodology to integrate basin scale information in reservoir scale static models by calibrating output from a Stratigraphic Forward Model (SFM). This project showcases the applicability of the integrated workflow to improve facies and property prediction at different scales. By calibrating the parameterized data from the SFM to independent constraints such as thicknesses from seismic interpretations and well logs the model greatly improve property prediction. Previous studies showed the application to synthetic datasets, this study aims to apply the methodology to the Holocene Rhine-Meuse fluvial deposits in the shallow subsurface of the Netherlands. The extraordinary level of detail in the model of these deposits and the parameterized fluvial sedimentation routine in the SFM used provide an ideal test case for the workflow proposed. The ultimate application of the workflow is intended to improve the geological and property models at greater depth where data coverage is limited. © 2016, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE. All rights reserved.
Water Resources Research, 2019
Harmonic Pulse Testing (HPT) has been developed as a type of well testing applicable during ongoi... more Harmonic Pulse Testing (HPT) has been developed as a type of well testing applicable during ongoing field operations because a pulsed signal is superimposed on background pressure trend. Its purpose is to determine well and formation parameters such as wellbore storage, skin, permeability, and boundaries within the investigated volume. Compared to conventional well testing, HPT requires more time to investigate the same reservoir volume. The advantage is that it does not require the interruption of well and reservoir injection/production before and/or during the test because it allows the extraction of an interpretable periodic signal from measured pressure potentially affected by interference. This makes it an ideal monitoring tool. Interpretation is streamlined through diagnostic plots mimicking conventional well test interpretation methods. To this end, analytical solutions in the frequency domain are available. The methodology was applied to monitor stimulation operations performed at an Enhanced Geothermal System site in Pohang, Korea. The activities were divided into two steps: first, a preliminary sequence of tests, injection/fall-off, and two HPTs, characterized by low injection rates and dedicated to estimate permeability prior to stimulation operations, and then stimulation sequence characterized by a higher injection rate. During the stimulation operations other HPT were performed to monitor formation properties behavior. The interpretation of HPT data through the derivative approach implemented in the frequency domain provided reliable results in agreement with the injection test. Moreover, it provided an estimation of hydraulic properties without cessation of stimulation operations, thus confirming the effectiveness of HPT application for monitoring purposes.
Le prove di produzione eseguite su pozzi a olio o a gas consentono di caratterizzare alcuni param... more Le prove di produzione eseguite su pozzi a olio o a gas consentono di caratterizzare alcuni parametri chiave per la descrizione del comportamento fluido-dinamico di pozzo e di giacimento. Le prove di produzione di tipo convenzionale vengono eseguite erogando una o piu portate costanti, registrate in superficie, e misurando la corrispondente evoluzione della pressione nel tempo a fondo pozzo. Durante la fase esplorativa e di delimitazione del giacimento, specialmente in ambienti off-shore, i fluidi prodotti durante la prova vengono generalmente bruciati in fiaccola. Nell'ottica di una maggiore tutela e sicurezza dell'ambiente, una delle alternative piu promettenti e rappresentata dalle prove di iniezione che consistono nell'iniettare un fluido, liquido o gassoso, in giacimento e registrare la risposta dinamica del sistema. Tali prove consentono pertanto di evitare l'erogazione di fluidi in superficie e quindi l'emissione di gas esausti in atmosfera a seguito della...
Injection/fall-off testing is one of the unconventional well test methodologies used to eliminate... more Injection/fall-off testing is one of the unconventional well test methodologies used to eliminate hydrocarbon flaring and thus gas emissions into the atmosphere. Except for fluid sampling, all of the main well testing targets can be achieved, while complying with the environmental regulations. However, the interpretation of injection tests in oil reservoirs is complicated by the presence of two immiscible mobile phases in the reservoir: the hydrocarbon originally in place and the injected fluid. As a result, the total fluid mobility is reduced and an additional pressure increment occurs, which affects the total skin with an additional bi-phase skin component. Furthermore, natural or induced fractures can be intercepted by the well, reducing the total skin but adding complexity to the test interpretation. Typically, the application of traditional analytical models to interpret injection tests only provides the total well skin while its mechanical component, due to permeability damage...
The definition as well as the economic viability of the most suitable development strategy of a h... more The definition as well as the economic viability of the most suitable development strategy of a hydrocarbon reservoir mainly depend on the quantity and type of fluids, and on well productivity. Well testing, consisting in measuring the pressure variations induced in the reservoir during hydrocarbon production, has been used to assess fluid nature and well potential for decades, especially in exploration and appraisal scenarios. Today's industry drivers for formation evaluation methodologies demand safe, environmentally friendly, and cost effective test procedures due to more stringent environmental regulations aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and hence restricting flaring of hydrocarbons produced during a test as well as the need for reducing operating costs - even more so with current oil prices. Different methods have been proposed or resuscitated over the last years, such as wireline formation tests, closed chamber tests, production/reinjection tests, injection...
The characterization of a reservoir's internal architecture is a major challenge, especially ... more The characterization of a reservoir's internal architecture is a major challenge, especially during the reservoir appraisal phase when the information is limited. At this stage, all the uncertainties affecting the quantity and distribution of hydrocarbons in the reservoir should be captured and accounted for in the evaluation of the final recovery to properly assess the viability of any development plan. A typical modeling workflow accounting for geological uncertainties consists in creating a large set of 3-D geological (static) models, selecting a few representative realizations out of this set based on the calculated hydrocarbons originally in place and simulating future production from the selected reservoir models for fixed well count and locations so as to propagate the uncertainty onto the final recovery factors. However, in channelized reservoirs connectivity plays a key role in the possibility of efficiently draining the reservoir with a reasonable number of wells, thus...
Geothermal energy systems often suffer the inefficiency resulting from the seasonally fluctuating... more Geothermal energy systems often suffer the inefficiency resulting from the seasonally fluctuating demand between summer and winter. One possible solution is seasonal storage of heat in relatively shallow aquifers. However, the efficiency of such a system will depend on a number of factors that cannot all be known a priori. Thus the importance of monitoring. We have expanded our earlier work on harmonic pulse testing (HPT) to incorporate the effect of a temperature front moving into the reservoir due to injection of hot (or cold) water. To assess the feasibility of the technique for thermal front monitoring, we devised a synthetic field case where water at 90°C was stored in a 20°C aquifer. First, we employed a numerical reservoir simulator to determine the temperature distribution in a doublet system. Then, this distribution was imposed as initial condition for a pulse test simulated with the same numerical technique; in this way, synthetic data were created. The data was then analy...
Geothermics, 2021
Seasonal storage of heat in shallow aquifers for increasing the efficiency of geothermal energy s... more Seasonal storage of heat in shallow aquifers for increasing the efficiency of geothermal energy systems requires a proper monitoring strategy. We expanded our earlier work on harmonic pulse testing (HPT) to incorporate the effect of a temperature front moving into the reservoir due to injection of hot (or cold) water. Our analytical solutions were applied to monitor the thermal front evolution in a doublet system. Thermal front position and average temperature around the injector could indeed be characterized through the application of the proposed HPT interpretation. Additional analyses were carried out adding noise to evaluate the robustness of the interpretation methodology.
Harmonic Pulse Testing was introduced in the early 1970's as a special case of pulse testing.... more Harmonic Pulse Testing was introduced in the early 1970's as a special case of pulse testing. It is characterized by a periodic variation of production/injection rate. Subsequent developments proved that it could provide the same information as a conventional well test (permeability and skin, heterogeneity) in addition to those given by a pulse test (areal connectivity within the reservoir) if proper interpretation models were adopted. Consequently, it can be considered as a promising methodology to test a well during ongoing field operations without stopping production and thus it is very attractive for monitoring well performance, especially of gas storage wells. Initially applied to oil wells, Harmonic Pulse Testing has recently been extended to gas wells for which the assumption of Darcy flow regime is no longer valid because of inertial phenomena and/or turbulence. Harmonic Pulse Testing for gas wells comprises three or more consecutive sequences of pulses characterized by ...
ABSTRACT It is likely that before long injection/fall-off tests will largely replace the conventi... more ABSTRACT It is likely that before long injection/fall-off tests will largely replace the conventional production/build-up sequence used for reservoir appraisal because they eliminate surface emissions and can significantly reduce testing costs. However, the welltest interpretation is complicated because of the presence of two phases. Fluid saturations vary during injection and only for very favourable mobility ratios the displacement can be assumed piston-like; thus effective permeabilities govern the flow. Gravitational and thermal gradients, heterogeneity and anisotropy might also strongly affect the variation on fluid distribution with time. Analytical approaches are invaluable to help capturing the leading effects controlling the pressure transient behaviour. However, only numerical simulation can thoroughly describe the saturation and pressure field in the reservoir as it evolves during injection and subsequent fall-off. Therefore, numerical simulations are needed to evaluate the skin due to the two phases fluid conditions. Together with the permeability-thickness product this skin is essential to calculate the well productivity. A near wellbore, 3D numerical model for the pressure response during non-isothermal water injection test in oil reservoir was developed and implemented with the aim of designing and interpreting injection tests. The model has virtually no limitations because it accounts for all the aspects that can impact on fluid and pressure distribution, such as gravity, capillary forces, heterogeneity and anisotropy. The results are provided in terms of pressure and pressure derivative for subsequent analyses. The model was used to interpret synthetic cases of water injection into a deep aquifer and brine injection into an oil reservoir. The results are presented in the paper.
Frontiers in energy research, Apr 22, 2024
Concerning the emerging power-togas technologies, which are considered the most promising technol... more Concerning the emerging power-togas technologies, which are considered the most promising technology for seasonal renewable energy storage, Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) has gained attention in the last few years. For safe and efficient storage, possible hydrogen losses due to dissolution into the aquifer must be estimated accurately. Due to safety concerns, experimental measurements of hydrogen solubility in brine at reservoir conditions are limited. In this study, a PVT cell is used to characterize the solubility of hydrogen and its mixtures with methane in saline water/brine. The experiments were carried out at 45, 50, and 55°C and from 1 bar up to 500 bar, mimicking a significant range of possible reservoir conditions. Two brine samples representative of two different reservoirs were tested. Two mixtures of methane and hydrogen (10 mol% H 2 and 50 mol% H 2 , respectively) were considered, along with pure hydrogen, to account for the presence of methane in the primary phase of hydrogen storage in a depleted gas reservoir. In the current paper, a comparison of the experimental results with literature models is provided. At the experiment conditions, the impact of the differences in the composition of the two analyzed brines as well as the impact of the analyzed range of temperatures was not significant. Conversely, a nonnegligible variation in terms of the slope of the solubility curve was observed as a function of the gas mixture composition: the curve increased more steeply as the percentage of hydrogen reduced.
Computers & geosciences, May 1, 2024
84th EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Sep 1, 2023
Second Conference on Forward Modelling of Sedimentary Systems, 2016
Classic geological reservoir characterisation relies on interpolation of high resolution well dat... more Classic geological reservoir characterisation relies on interpolation of high resolution well data with (at best) low resolution seismic derived data. In order to fill the data gap (e.g. in labyrinthine type fluvial deposits) we present a methodology to integrate basin scale information in reservoir scale static models by calibrating output from a Stratigraphic Forward Model (SFM). This project showcases the applicability of the integrated workflow to improve facies and property prediction at different scales. By calibrating the parameterized data from the SFM to independent constraints such as thicknesses from seismic interpretations and well logs the model greatly improve property prediction. Previous studies showed the application to synthetic datasets, this study aims to apply the methodology to the Holocene Rhine-Meuse fluvial deposits in the shallow subsurface of the Netherlands. The extraordinary level of detail in the model of these deposits and the parameterized fluvial sedimentation routine in the SFM used provide an ideal test case for the workflow proposed. The ultimate application of the workflow is intended to improve the geological and property models at greater depth where data coverage is limited. © 2016, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, EAGE. All rights reserved.
Water Resources Research, 2019
Harmonic Pulse Testing (HPT) has been developed as a type of well testing applicable during ongoi... more Harmonic Pulse Testing (HPT) has been developed as a type of well testing applicable during ongoing field operations because a pulsed signal is superimposed on background pressure trend. Its purpose is to determine well and formation parameters such as wellbore storage, skin, permeability, and boundaries within the investigated volume. Compared to conventional well testing, HPT requires more time to investigate the same reservoir volume. The advantage is that it does not require the interruption of well and reservoir injection/production before and/or during the test because it allows the extraction of an interpretable periodic signal from measured pressure potentially affected by interference. This makes it an ideal monitoring tool. Interpretation is streamlined through diagnostic plots mimicking conventional well test interpretation methods. To this end, analytical solutions in the frequency domain are available. The methodology was applied to monitor stimulation operations performed at an Enhanced Geothermal System site in Pohang, Korea. The activities were divided into two steps: first, a preliminary sequence of tests, injection/fall-off, and two HPTs, characterized by low injection rates and dedicated to estimate permeability prior to stimulation operations, and then stimulation sequence characterized by a higher injection rate. During the stimulation operations other HPT were performed to monitor formation properties behavior. The interpretation of HPT data through the derivative approach implemented in the frequency domain provided reliable results in agreement with the injection test. Moreover, it provided an estimation of hydraulic properties without cessation of stimulation operations, thus confirming the effectiveness of HPT application for monitoring purposes.
Le prove di produzione eseguite su pozzi a olio o a gas consentono di caratterizzare alcuni param... more Le prove di produzione eseguite su pozzi a olio o a gas consentono di caratterizzare alcuni parametri chiave per la descrizione del comportamento fluido-dinamico di pozzo e di giacimento. Le prove di produzione di tipo convenzionale vengono eseguite erogando una o piu portate costanti, registrate in superficie, e misurando la corrispondente evoluzione della pressione nel tempo a fondo pozzo. Durante la fase esplorativa e di delimitazione del giacimento, specialmente in ambienti off-shore, i fluidi prodotti durante la prova vengono generalmente bruciati in fiaccola. Nell'ottica di una maggiore tutela e sicurezza dell'ambiente, una delle alternative piu promettenti e rappresentata dalle prove di iniezione che consistono nell'iniettare un fluido, liquido o gassoso, in giacimento e registrare la risposta dinamica del sistema. Tali prove consentono pertanto di evitare l'erogazione di fluidi in superficie e quindi l'emissione di gas esausti in atmosfera a seguito della...
Injection/fall-off testing is one of the unconventional well test methodologies used to eliminate... more Injection/fall-off testing is one of the unconventional well test methodologies used to eliminate hydrocarbon flaring and thus gas emissions into the atmosphere. Except for fluid sampling, all of the main well testing targets can be achieved, while complying with the environmental regulations. However, the interpretation of injection tests in oil reservoirs is complicated by the presence of two immiscible mobile phases in the reservoir: the hydrocarbon originally in place and the injected fluid. As a result, the total fluid mobility is reduced and an additional pressure increment occurs, which affects the total skin with an additional bi-phase skin component. Furthermore, natural or induced fractures can be intercepted by the well, reducing the total skin but adding complexity to the test interpretation. Typically, the application of traditional analytical models to interpret injection tests only provides the total well skin while its mechanical component, due to permeability damage...
The definition as well as the economic viability of the most suitable development strategy of a h... more The definition as well as the economic viability of the most suitable development strategy of a hydrocarbon reservoir mainly depend on the quantity and type of fluids, and on well productivity. Well testing, consisting in measuring the pressure variations induced in the reservoir during hydrocarbon production, has been used to assess fluid nature and well potential for decades, especially in exploration and appraisal scenarios. Today's industry drivers for formation evaluation methodologies demand safe, environmentally friendly, and cost effective test procedures due to more stringent environmental regulations aimed at reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and hence restricting flaring of hydrocarbons produced during a test as well as the need for reducing operating costs - even more so with current oil prices. Different methods have been proposed or resuscitated over the last years, such as wireline formation tests, closed chamber tests, production/reinjection tests, injection...
The characterization of a reservoir's internal architecture is a major challenge, especially ... more The characterization of a reservoir's internal architecture is a major challenge, especially during the reservoir appraisal phase when the information is limited. At this stage, all the uncertainties affecting the quantity and distribution of hydrocarbons in the reservoir should be captured and accounted for in the evaluation of the final recovery to properly assess the viability of any development plan. A typical modeling workflow accounting for geological uncertainties consists in creating a large set of 3-D geological (static) models, selecting a few representative realizations out of this set based on the calculated hydrocarbons originally in place and simulating future production from the selected reservoir models for fixed well count and locations so as to propagate the uncertainty onto the final recovery factors. However, in channelized reservoirs connectivity plays a key role in the possibility of efficiently draining the reservoir with a reasonable number of wells, thus...
Geothermal energy systems often suffer the inefficiency resulting from the seasonally fluctuating... more Geothermal energy systems often suffer the inefficiency resulting from the seasonally fluctuating demand between summer and winter. One possible solution is seasonal storage of heat in relatively shallow aquifers. However, the efficiency of such a system will depend on a number of factors that cannot all be known a priori. Thus the importance of monitoring. We have expanded our earlier work on harmonic pulse testing (HPT) to incorporate the effect of a temperature front moving into the reservoir due to injection of hot (or cold) water. To assess the feasibility of the technique for thermal front monitoring, we devised a synthetic field case where water at 90°C was stored in a 20°C aquifer. First, we employed a numerical reservoir simulator to determine the temperature distribution in a doublet system. Then, this distribution was imposed as initial condition for a pulse test simulated with the same numerical technique; in this way, synthetic data were created. The data was then analy...
Geothermics, 2021
Seasonal storage of heat in shallow aquifers for increasing the efficiency of geothermal energy s... more Seasonal storage of heat in shallow aquifers for increasing the efficiency of geothermal energy systems requires a proper monitoring strategy. We expanded our earlier work on harmonic pulse testing (HPT) to incorporate the effect of a temperature front moving into the reservoir due to injection of hot (or cold) water. Our analytical solutions were applied to monitor the thermal front evolution in a doublet system. Thermal front position and average temperature around the injector could indeed be characterized through the application of the proposed HPT interpretation. Additional analyses were carried out adding noise to evaluate the robustness of the interpretation methodology.
Harmonic Pulse Testing was introduced in the early 1970's as a special case of pulse testing.... more Harmonic Pulse Testing was introduced in the early 1970's as a special case of pulse testing. It is characterized by a periodic variation of production/injection rate. Subsequent developments proved that it could provide the same information as a conventional well test (permeability and skin, heterogeneity) in addition to those given by a pulse test (areal connectivity within the reservoir) if proper interpretation models were adopted. Consequently, it can be considered as a promising methodology to test a well during ongoing field operations without stopping production and thus it is very attractive for monitoring well performance, especially of gas storage wells. Initially applied to oil wells, Harmonic Pulse Testing has recently been extended to gas wells for which the assumption of Darcy flow regime is no longer valid because of inertial phenomena and/or turbulence. Harmonic Pulse Testing for gas wells comprises three or more consecutive sequences of pulses characterized by ...
ABSTRACT It is likely that before long injection/fall-off tests will largely replace the conventi... more ABSTRACT It is likely that before long injection/fall-off tests will largely replace the conventional production/build-up sequence used for reservoir appraisal because they eliminate surface emissions and can significantly reduce testing costs. However, the welltest interpretation is complicated because of the presence of two phases. Fluid saturations vary during injection and only for very favourable mobility ratios the displacement can be assumed piston-like; thus effective permeabilities govern the flow. Gravitational and thermal gradients, heterogeneity and anisotropy might also strongly affect the variation on fluid distribution with time. Analytical approaches are invaluable to help capturing the leading effects controlling the pressure transient behaviour. However, only numerical simulation can thoroughly describe the saturation and pressure field in the reservoir as it evolves during injection and subsequent fall-off. Therefore, numerical simulations are needed to evaluate the skin due to the two phases fluid conditions. Together with the permeability-thickness product this skin is essential to calculate the well productivity. A near wellbore, 3D numerical model for the pressure response during non-isothermal water injection test in oil reservoir was developed and implemented with the aim of designing and interpreting injection tests. The model has virtually no limitations because it accounts for all the aspects that can impact on fluid and pressure distribution, such as gravity, capillary forces, heterogeneity and anisotropy. The results are provided in terms of pressure and pressure derivative for subsequent analyses. The model was used to interpret synthetic cases of water injection into a deep aquifer and brine injection into an oil reservoir. The results are presented in the paper.