Els Raes - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Els Raes
Published in 2019 in Utrecht The Netherlands by European Veterinary Dental Society EVDS), 2019
Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2018
Distal sesamoidean ligament (DSL) injury is a recognized cause of lameness in horses. The purpose... more Distal sesamoidean ligament (DSL) injury is a recognized cause of lameness in horses. The purpose of this study was to describe the contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CE-CT) findings in horses with injury to the DSL compared to a control group without injury to the DSL. Medical records of horses referred for CE-CT between 2008 and 2015 were reviewed. Cases were selected retrospectively based on a CE-CT imaging finding of injury to the DSL. Three horses had DSL injury as the only finding, while the remaining horses had one or more concomitant injuries. DSL injury and fetlock trauma and/or suspensory branch desmitis were the most frequent injury combinations. CE-CT can be of value in diagnosing DSL injury. The high number of concurrent DSL and fetlock and/or suspensory lesions suggests that further investigation should be considered when evaluating horses with injuries related to either of these structures.
Rheumatology, Jan 29, 2016
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021
Idiopathic sino-nasal obstruction resulting in retention of large amounts of liquid in the parana... more Idiopathic sino-nasal obstruction resulting in retention of large amounts of liquid in the paranasal sinus compartments was diagnosed in seven young (2. 2 ± 0.7 years) miniature-breed horses based on clinical, endoscopic, radiographic, and CT scan examinations. The most prevalent clinical signs included decreased or no airflow from the nostril(s) (7/7) and nasal discharge (6/7). The problem presented bilaterally in six of seven cases. An alternative sino-nasal communication was created through bone flap osteotomy surgery and perforation of the ventromedial floor of the dorsal conchae in all cases, followed by fixation of silicone irrigation tubes/Foley catheters in six of seven cases to keep the newly created ostium patent. This resulted in long-term resolution of the problem with good cosmetic appearance in all animals following a median period of 19 months. Premature loss of fixed tubes was reported in three cases.
Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2021
A fourteen-day-old warmblood colt presented with severe neurological signs of unknown origin. The... more A fourteen-day-old warmblood colt presented with severe neurological signs of unknown origin. The foal was recumbent and comatose, and showed spastic motion of the head. Computed tomography (CT) examination revealed multiple impression fractures to the left parietal and temporal bones, as well as traumatic brain injury. Three fragments of the temporal bone were dislocated into the cranial vault. The foal was surgically treated within 24 hours of presentation: the fragments were elevated and the largest fragment was fixated with an L-shaped titanium MatrixMidface 0.8 mm reconstruction plate. The brain injury resolved with medical treatment and supportive care. Apart from a localized wound abscess that was drained, postoperative healing was uneventful and the foal regained the ability to ambulate 18 days after surgery. Follow-up CT imaging documented good fracture healing and a favorable development of the soft tissue injuries. Seven months after surgery, the foal was fully recovered ...
| EUROPEAN VETERINARY CONFERENCE | VOORJAARSDAGEN 2019 WWW.VOORJAARSDAGEN.EU Abstract presentatio... more | EUROPEAN VETERINARY CONFERENCE | VOORJAARSDAGEN 2019 WWW.VOORJAARSDAGEN.EU Abstract presentations Results The prevalence of spinal cord dysfunction was estimated at 45.7 (95% CI 35.9-54.3) %. In all models, TMSMMEP had the highest sensitivity followed by the neurological examination and finally cervical X-rays. Also specificity of MMEP was superior to the specificity of X-rays and clinical examination. In the model with all informative priors, sensitivities of TMS-MMEP, clinical examination and X-rays were 98.1 (91.4-99.9)%, 94.7 (87.099.7)% and 45.0 (34.5-55.6)%. The specificities were 90.7 (71.6-99.6), 74.7 (60.2-86.4)% and 81.5 (70.390.5)% respectively. Conclusion TMS-MMEP appears a very valuable, non-invasive test for spinal cord dysfunction, by far exceeding diagnostic accuracy of X-ray.
In the fetlock joint, fragments are commonly located at the dorsal (proximal sagittal ridge of th... more In the fetlock joint, fragments are commonly located at the dorsal (proximal sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone, proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx, synovial plica) or palmar/plantar (proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx, proximal sesamoid bones) aspect of the joint. In the tarsal joint, fragments can derive from the intermediate ridge of the distal tibia, the lateral and medial trochlear ridge of the talus and, the medial and lateral malleolus. Radiography is still the most commonly used imaging modality for detection and localisation of fragments in both joints. However, the radiographic findings do not always fit with the arthroscopic results. It has been described that ultrasonography (US) can also be used for the determination of the exact location, the size and the anatomical relationships of fragments. 2,3 The aim of the present study was to compare radiography and US for the detection, quantification and localisation of bone fragments in the equin...
Veterinary journal, 2021
During diagnostic evaluation of hindlimb lameness in horses the tibial nerve block is traditional... more During diagnostic evaluation of hindlimb lameness in horses the tibial nerve block is traditionally performed based on anatomical reference points, but it can be difficult to achieve effective local anaesthesia using this blind technique. Ultrasound (US)-guided injection could increase the accuracy of injection. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of both techniques. Twenty-one paired sets of cadaver hindlimbs were injected with 1 mL methylene blue using the blind or US-guided technique. There was no significant difference in stain width and length and in coloured nerve length between techniques. However, the successful rate of nerve staining was 85.7% and 47.6% for the US-guided and blind technique, respectively (P = 0.02; odds ratio 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-29.4). This study suggests that the US-guided technique is more accurate than the blind technique. However, in the treated sample, a single US-guided injection did not consistently result in nerve staining.
![Research paper thumbnail of The [veterinary] screening of the horse: risk analysis of disorders frequently found during radiography](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83778965/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2018
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report, in which a simultaneous occurrence of Salmon... more To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report, in which a simultaneous occurrence of Salmonella-associated multifocal osteomyelitis and intra-abdominal abscessation in a foal presenting with weight loss, diarrhea and fever is described. No evidence of failure of passive immune transfer had been present at birth. Radiographic examination revealed multifocal type P osteomyelitis. Bacterial culture of synovial fluid revealed a Salmonella spp. Antibiotic treatment was adjusted based on the sensitivity results; however without clinical improvement. The foal developed abscess formations within the left femoral region, and finally a Salter Harris type I fracture of the left femur. Euthanasia was elected based on this finding. Post-mortem computed tomography revealed a large mass within the caudal abdomen that extended into the left pelvic and hind limb region, as well as multifocal osteomyelitis. Pathological examination identified the mass as a large abscess with multiple fistula tr...
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2017
Rheumatology: Current Research, 2016
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2012
To compare the difference and agreement of the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations... more To compare the difference and agreement of the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations on a dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPr-PaDiO) projection with hoof-specific angle versus computed tomography. Computed tomography (CT) images and a DPr-PaDiO radiographic projection with hoof-specific angle were obtained on 50 cadaveric forefeet from 25 Warmblood horses. Computed tomography was assumed to be the gold standard. The number, shape and depth of penetration of distal border synovial invaginations into the distal sesamoid bone were evaluated with both methods, and the comparison of their measurements was statistically described. Significantly more invaginations were seen on CT compared to radiography, with an observed average difference of 1.2. In none of the cases did radiography have a higher number than that observed with CT. No statistically significant difference for depth between CT and the DPr-PaDiO projection was seen, however, there was quite a large variation...
Published in 2019 in Utrecht The Netherlands by European Veterinary Dental Society EVDS), 2019
Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2018
Distal sesamoidean ligament (DSL) injury is a recognized cause of lameness in horses. The purpose... more Distal sesamoidean ligament (DSL) injury is a recognized cause of lameness in horses. The purpose of this study was to describe the contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CE-CT) findings in horses with injury to the DSL compared to a control group without injury to the DSL. Medical records of horses referred for CE-CT between 2008 and 2015 were reviewed. Cases were selected retrospectively based on a CE-CT imaging finding of injury to the DSL. Three horses had DSL injury as the only finding, while the remaining horses had one or more concomitant injuries. DSL injury and fetlock trauma and/or suspensory branch desmitis were the most frequent injury combinations. CE-CT can be of value in diagnosing DSL injury. The high number of concurrent DSL and fetlock and/or suspensory lesions suggests that further investigation should be considered when evaluating horses with injuries related to either of these structures.
Rheumatology, Jan 29, 2016
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021
Idiopathic sino-nasal obstruction resulting in retention of large amounts of liquid in the parana... more Idiopathic sino-nasal obstruction resulting in retention of large amounts of liquid in the paranasal sinus compartments was diagnosed in seven young (2. 2 ± 0.7 years) miniature-breed horses based on clinical, endoscopic, radiographic, and CT scan examinations. The most prevalent clinical signs included decreased or no airflow from the nostril(s) (7/7) and nasal discharge (6/7). The problem presented bilaterally in six of seven cases. An alternative sino-nasal communication was created through bone flap osteotomy surgery and perforation of the ventromedial floor of the dorsal conchae in all cases, followed by fixation of silicone irrigation tubes/Foley catheters in six of seven cases to keep the newly created ostium patent. This resulted in long-term resolution of the problem with good cosmetic appearance in all animals following a median period of 19 months. Premature loss of fixed tubes was reported in three cases.
Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2021
A fourteen-day-old warmblood colt presented with severe neurological signs of unknown origin. The... more A fourteen-day-old warmblood colt presented with severe neurological signs of unknown origin. The foal was recumbent and comatose, and showed spastic motion of the head. Computed tomography (CT) examination revealed multiple impression fractures to the left parietal and temporal bones, as well as traumatic brain injury. Three fragments of the temporal bone were dislocated into the cranial vault. The foal was surgically treated within 24 hours of presentation: the fragments were elevated and the largest fragment was fixated with an L-shaped titanium MatrixMidface 0.8 mm reconstruction plate. The brain injury resolved with medical treatment and supportive care. Apart from a localized wound abscess that was drained, postoperative healing was uneventful and the foal regained the ability to ambulate 18 days after surgery. Follow-up CT imaging documented good fracture healing and a favorable development of the soft tissue injuries. Seven months after surgery, the foal was fully recovered ...
| EUROPEAN VETERINARY CONFERENCE | VOORJAARSDAGEN 2019 WWW.VOORJAARSDAGEN.EU Abstract presentatio... more | EUROPEAN VETERINARY CONFERENCE | VOORJAARSDAGEN 2019 WWW.VOORJAARSDAGEN.EU Abstract presentations Results The prevalence of spinal cord dysfunction was estimated at 45.7 (95% CI 35.9-54.3) %. In all models, TMSMMEP had the highest sensitivity followed by the neurological examination and finally cervical X-rays. Also specificity of MMEP was superior to the specificity of X-rays and clinical examination. In the model with all informative priors, sensitivities of TMS-MMEP, clinical examination and X-rays were 98.1 (91.4-99.9)%, 94.7 (87.099.7)% and 45.0 (34.5-55.6)%. The specificities were 90.7 (71.6-99.6), 74.7 (60.2-86.4)% and 81.5 (70.390.5)% respectively. Conclusion TMS-MMEP appears a very valuable, non-invasive test for spinal cord dysfunction, by far exceeding diagnostic accuracy of X-ray.
In the fetlock joint, fragments are commonly located at the dorsal (proximal sagittal ridge of th... more In the fetlock joint, fragments are commonly located at the dorsal (proximal sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal/metatarsal bone, proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx, synovial plica) or palmar/plantar (proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx, proximal sesamoid bones) aspect of the joint. In the tarsal joint, fragments can derive from the intermediate ridge of the distal tibia, the lateral and medial trochlear ridge of the talus and, the medial and lateral malleolus. Radiography is still the most commonly used imaging modality for detection and localisation of fragments in both joints. However, the radiographic findings do not always fit with the arthroscopic results. It has been described that ultrasonography (US) can also be used for the determination of the exact location, the size and the anatomical relationships of fragments. 2,3 The aim of the present study was to compare radiography and US for the detection, quantification and localisation of bone fragments in the equin...
Veterinary journal, 2021
During diagnostic evaluation of hindlimb lameness in horses the tibial nerve block is traditional... more During diagnostic evaluation of hindlimb lameness in horses the tibial nerve block is traditionally performed based on anatomical reference points, but it can be difficult to achieve effective local anaesthesia using this blind technique. Ultrasound (US)-guided injection could increase the accuracy of injection. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of both techniques. Twenty-one paired sets of cadaver hindlimbs were injected with 1 mL methylene blue using the blind or US-guided technique. There was no significant difference in stain width and length and in coloured nerve length between techniques. However, the successful rate of nerve staining was 85.7% and 47.6% for the US-guided and blind technique, respectively (P = 0.02; odds ratio 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-29.4). This study suggests that the US-guided technique is more accurate than the blind technique. However, in the treated sample, a single US-guided injection did not consistently result in nerve staining.
Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift, 2018
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report, in which a simultaneous occurrence of Salmon... more To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report, in which a simultaneous occurrence of Salmonella-associated multifocal osteomyelitis and intra-abdominal abscessation in a foal presenting with weight loss, diarrhea and fever is described. No evidence of failure of passive immune transfer had been present at birth. Radiographic examination revealed multifocal type P osteomyelitis. Bacterial culture of synovial fluid revealed a Salmonella spp. Antibiotic treatment was adjusted based on the sensitivity results; however without clinical improvement. The foal developed abscess formations within the left femoral region, and finally a Salter Harris type I fracture of the left femur. Euthanasia was elected based on this finding. Post-mortem computed tomography revealed a large mass within the caudal abdomen that extended into the left pelvic and hind limb region, as well as multifocal osteomyelitis. Pathological examination identified the mass as a large abscess with multiple fistula tr...
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2017
Rheumatology: Current Research, 2016
Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T, 2012
To compare the difference and agreement of the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations... more To compare the difference and agreement of the morphology of distal border synovial invaginations on a dorsoproximal-palmarodistal oblique (DPr-PaDiO) projection with hoof-specific angle versus computed tomography. Computed tomography (CT) images and a DPr-PaDiO radiographic projection with hoof-specific angle were obtained on 50 cadaveric forefeet from 25 Warmblood horses. Computed tomography was assumed to be the gold standard. The number, shape and depth of penetration of distal border synovial invaginations into the distal sesamoid bone were evaluated with both methods, and the comparison of their measurements was statistically described. Significantly more invaginations were seen on CT compared to radiography, with an observed average difference of 1.2. In none of the cases did radiography have a higher number than that observed with CT. No statistically significant difference for depth between CT and the DPr-PaDiO projection was seen, however, there was quite a large variation...