G. Elske Hildes-Ripstein - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by G. Elske Hildes-Ripstein
Canadian Journal of Diabetes, Apr 1, 2012
Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidit... more Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidité infantile qui persiste au cours de la première année de vie. L'absence constante de lien de cette cohorte avec la morbidité respiratoire montre une interaction avec le SSÉ et exige de mener d'autres recherches. Ó 2012 Canadian Diabetes Association * Compared to the high SES group. y Described in text due to interaction, all models adjusted for GA, SES grouping, maternal diabetes, maternal age group, parity, congenital anomaly, infant gender, any breastfeeding at discharge and rural residence. z Also adjusted for induced delivery, caesarean section delivery, multiple gestation, size for GA and need for resuscitation at birth. x Also adjusted for short stay at birth as an interaction with GA, NICU admission at birth, ventilation at birth and any morbidity diagnosis at birth.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 1990
Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central I... more Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central Importance in natural killer(NK) cell-mediated killing.Although cellular cytotoxiclty Involving degranulation is thought to be calcium-dependent, the biochemical mechanisms that mediate this granule mobilization are unknown. lnosltol-1 ,4,5-trls-phosphate (1P3), which acts to elevate Internal calcium levels, and 1 ,2-dlacylglycerol (DAG), which activates protein kinase C, are potent second messengers that have been shown to synergistically mediate secretion in other cell types. Production of these products of inosltol phosphollpid metabolism has previously been demonstrated in a rat NK cell line RNK upon exposure to susceptible tumor targets. We therefore Investigated the role of 1P3 and DAG In NK-medlated cytotoxicity, specifically at the level of degranulation. Pretreatment of RNK cells with neomycin, a drug that interferes with the hydrolysis of inositel phospholipids and thus inhibits the formation of second messengers, Inhibited RNK cytotoxicity against a susceptible tumor target and also Inhibited RNK production of DAG In response to a similar target. Natural killing exhibited by normal rat nylon wool-nonadherent spienocytes was also Inhibited by neomycin. Phorbol-12-myristate,13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester that acts like DAG to activate protein kinase C, markedly enhanced lysis of a susceptible target cell by RNK. We evaluated whether modulation of lysis by these drugs was associated with effects on RNK degranulatlon by assaying the release of a granule-specific serine esterase (BLTE) in response to PMA and the calcium lonophore A231 87. These agents synergized to promote the release of BLTE, and the extent of release was dependent on the concentrations of both agents. D30 and cytochalasin B, which enhance secretion In other cells, both enhanced BLTE release from RNK cells, Indicating that we were detecting BLTE released via granule secretion and not due to nonspecific causes such as cell lysis. Our findings lead us to propose that NK cells form 1P3 and DAG In response to susceptible target cells and that a major function of these second messengers is to mediate the exocytosis of cytotoxic granules towards the bound target cells.
BMC news and views, Aug 26, 2001
Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central I... more Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central Importance in natural killer(NK) cell-mediated killing.Although cellular cytotox-iclty Involving degranulation is thought to be calcium-dependent, the biochemical mech-anisms that mediate this granule mobilization are unknown. lnosltol-1,4,5-trls-phosphate (1P3), which acts to elevate Internal calcium levels, and 1,2-dlacylglycerol (DAG), which activates protein kinase C, are potent second messengers that have been shown to synergistically mediate secretion in other cell types. Production of these products of inosltol phosphollpid metabolism has previously been demonstrated in a rat NK cell line RNK upon exposure to susceptible tumor targets. We therefore Investigated the role of 1P3 and DAG In NK-medlated cytotoxicity, specifically at the level of degranulation. Pre-treatment of RNK cells with neomycin, a drug that interferes with the hydrolysis of inosi-tel phospholipids and thus inhibi...
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 1990
Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central i... more Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central importance in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing. Although cellular cytotoxicity involving degranulation is thought to be calcium-dependent, the biochemical mechanisms that mediate this granule mobilization are unknown. Inositol-1,4,5-tris-phosphate (IP3), which acts to elevate internal calcium levels, and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), which activates protein kinase C, are potent second messengers that have been shown to synergistically mediate secretion in other cell types. Production of these products of inositol phospholipid metabolism has previously been demonstrated in a rat NK cell line RNK upon exposure to susceptible tumor targets. We therefore Investigated the role of IP3 and DAG in NK-mediated cytotoxicity, specifically at the level of degranulation. Pretreatment of RNK cells with neomycin, a drug that interferes with the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids and thus inhibits...
Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 2012
Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidit... more Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidité infantile qui persiste au cours de la première année de vie. L'absence constante de lien de cette cohorte avec la morbidité respiratoire montre une interaction avec le SSÉ et exige de mener d'autres recherches. Ó 2012 Canadian Diabetes Association * Compared to the high SES group. y Described in text due to interaction, all models adjusted for GA, SES grouping, maternal diabetes, maternal age group, parity, congenital anomaly, infant gender, any breastfeeding at discharge and rural residence. z Also adjusted for induced delivery, caesarean section delivery, multiple gestation, size for GA and need for resuscitation at birth. x Also adjusted for short stay at birth as an interaction with GA, NICU admission at birth, ventilation at birth and any morbidity diagnosis at birth.
Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2021
Objective: Infectious illness, including lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), is a leading c... more Objective: Infectious illness, including lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and infant mortality in Inuit children in Nunavut Canada. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) p.P479L variant is common in arctic Indigenous populations of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. CPT1A is a fatty acid oxidation enzyme expressed in the liver, immunocytes and other tissues, and is needed to use fats for energy during fasting. Previous association of the variant with early childhood infectious illness and infant death has been challenged because of sample size and limited adjustment for confounders. We evaluated whether the p.P479L variant is associated with infectious illness in Inuit children of Nunavut, Canada.Methods: We conducted a retrospective clinical chart review of 2,225 Inuit children (0–5 years) for infectious illness (including otitis media, gastroenteritis, and hospital admission for LRTI), prenatal, perinatal, and socioeconomic in...
Canadian journal of public health, 2002
Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical a... more Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical and mental health to activity continuums. Our objective was to report the regional distribution of physical morbidity among children in Manitoba. Using Manitoba's population-based prescription and health care data for 1998/99, the prevalence of children with lower respiratory tract infections, four chronic conditions (asthma, cardiovascular disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus and seizure disorders) and physical disabilities, including spina bifida and cerebral palsy, was determined for 12 Regional Health Authorities and 12 Winnipeg Community Areas, ranked by a measure of population healthiness, the premature mortality rate (PMR). Prescription rates were also reported by neighbourhood income quintile, derived from census data. Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection was highest in infants (6%) and increased with successive decreases in neighbourhood income or in the populat...
Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2002
Paediatrics and Child Health, 2014
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical a... more Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical and mental health to activity continuums. Our objective was to report the regional distribution of physical morbidity among children in Manitoba. Using Manitoba's population-based prescription and health care data for 1998/99, the prevalence of children with lower respiratory tract infections, four chronic conditions (asthma, cardiovascular disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus and seizure disorders) and physical disabilities, including spina bifida and cerebral palsy, was determined for 12 Regional Health Authorities and 12 Winnipeg Community Areas, ranked by a measure of population healthiness, the premature mortality rate (PMR). Prescription rates were also reported by neighbourhood income quintile, derived from census data. Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection was highest in infants (6%) and increased with successive decreases in neighbourhood income or in the populat...
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2004
Early Human Development, 2001
American Journal of Medical Genetics, 1998
We report on a young Mennonite child born with short stature, atresia of the external auditory ca... more We report on a young Mennonite child born with short stature, atresia of the external auditory canal, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal anomalies. The skeletal defects consist of bilateral humeral hypoplasia, delayed ossification of the pubic rami, and the previously unreported anomaly of humeroscapular synostosis. This girl is the product of a consanguineous mating. This phenotype is unique and does not match that of any previously described condition.
American Journal of Medical Genetics, 2001
Background: Infants born late preterm (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks GA (gestational age)) are known to ... more Background: Infants born late preterm (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks GA (gestational age)) are known to have higher neonatal morbidity than term (37 + 0 to 41 + 6 weeks GA) infants. There is emerging evidence that these risks may not be homogenous within the term cohort and may be higher in early term (37 + 0 to 38 + 6 weeks GA). These risks may also be affected by socioeconomic status, a risk factor for preterm birth. Methods: A retrospective population based cohort of infants born at 34 to 41 weeks of GA was assembled; individual and area-level income was used to develop three socioeconomic (SES) groups. Neonatal morbidity was grouped into respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), other respiratory disorders, other complications of prematurity, admission to a Level II/III nursery and receipt of phototherapy. Regression models were constructed to examine the relationship of GA and SES to neonatal morbidity while controlling for other perinatal variables. Results: The cohort contained 25 312 infants of whom 6.1% (n = 1524) were born preterm and 32.4% (n = 8203) were of low SES. Using 39/40 weeks GA as the reference group there was a decrease in neonatal morbidity at each week of gestation. The odds ratios remained significantly higher at 37 weeks for RDS or other respiratory disorders, and at 38 weeks for all other outcomes. SES had an independent effect, increasing morbidity with odds ratios ranging from 1.2-1.5 for all outcomes except for the RDS group, where it was not significant. Conclusions: The risks of morbidity fell throughout late preterm and early term gestation for both respiratory and non-respiratory morbidity. Low SES was associated with an independent increased risk. Recognition that the morbidities associated with prematurity continue into early term gestation and are further compounded by SES is important to develop strategies for improving care of early term infants, avoiding iatrogenic complications and prioritizing public health interventions.
Early Human Development, 2001
The International Child Care Practices Study (ICCPS) collected descriptive data from 21 centres i... more The International Child Care Practices Study (ICCPS) collected descriptive data from 21 centres in 17 countries. In this report, data are presented on the key sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) risk factors of infant sleep position and parental smoking. Methods: Using a standardised protocol, parents of infants were surveyed at birth by interview, and at 3 months of age mainly by postal questionnaire. Data entry and descriptive analysis were undertaken with Epi Info. Centres were grouped according to geographic location. Also indicated was the level of SIDS awareness in the community, i.e. whether any campaigns or messages to ''reduce the risks of SIDS'' were available at 0378-3782/01/$ -see front matter D 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 8 -3 7 8 2 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 1 6 5 -7
Canadian Journal of Diabetes, Apr 1, 2012
Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidit... more Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidité infantile qui persiste au cours de la première année de vie. L'absence constante de lien de cette cohorte avec la morbidité respiratoire montre une interaction avec le SSÉ et exige de mener d'autres recherches. Ó 2012 Canadian Diabetes Association * Compared to the high SES group. y Described in text due to interaction, all models adjusted for GA, SES grouping, maternal diabetes, maternal age group, parity, congenital anomaly, infant gender, any breastfeeding at discharge and rural residence. z Also adjusted for induced delivery, caesarean section delivery, multiple gestation, size for GA and need for resuscitation at birth. x Also adjusted for short stay at birth as an interaction with GA, NICU admission at birth, ventilation at birth and any morbidity diagnosis at birth.
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 1990
Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central I... more Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central Importance in natural killer(NK) cell-mediated killing.Although cellular cytotoxiclty Involving degranulation is thought to be calcium-dependent, the biochemical mechanisms that mediate this granule mobilization are unknown. lnosltol-1 ,4,5-trls-phosphate (1P3), which acts to elevate Internal calcium levels, and 1 ,2-dlacylglycerol (DAG), which activates protein kinase C, are potent second messengers that have been shown to synergistically mediate secretion in other cell types. Production of these products of inosltol phosphollpid metabolism has previously been demonstrated in a rat NK cell line RNK upon exposure to susceptible tumor targets. We therefore Investigated the role of 1P3 and DAG In NK-medlated cytotoxicity, specifically at the level of degranulation. Pretreatment of RNK cells with neomycin, a drug that interferes with the hydrolysis of inositel phospholipids and thus inhibits the formation of second messengers, Inhibited RNK cytotoxicity against a susceptible tumor target and also Inhibited RNK production of DAG In response to a similar target. Natural killing exhibited by normal rat nylon wool-nonadherent spienocytes was also Inhibited by neomycin. Phorbol-12-myristate,13-acetate (PMA), a phorbol ester that acts like DAG to activate protein kinase C, markedly enhanced lysis of a susceptible target cell by RNK. We evaluated whether modulation of lysis by these drugs was associated with effects on RNK degranulatlon by assaying the release of a granule-specific serine esterase (BLTE) in response to PMA and the calcium lonophore A231 87. These agents synergized to promote the release of BLTE, and the extent of release was dependent on the concentrations of both agents. D30 and cytochalasin B, which enhance secretion In other cells, both enhanced BLTE release from RNK cells, Indicating that we were detecting BLTE released via granule secretion and not due to nonspecific causes such as cell lysis. Our findings lead us to propose that NK cells form 1P3 and DAG In response to susceptible target cells and that a major function of these second messengers is to mediate the exocytosis of cytotoxic granules towards the bound target cells.
BMC news and views, Aug 26, 2001
Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central I... more Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central Importance in natural killer(NK) cell-mediated killing.Although cellular cytotox-iclty Involving degranulation is thought to be calcium-dependent, the biochemical mech-anisms that mediate this granule mobilization are unknown. lnosltol-1,4,5-trls-phosphate (1P3), which acts to elevate Internal calcium levels, and 1,2-dlacylglycerol (DAG), which activates protein kinase C, are potent second messengers that have been shown to synergistically mediate secretion in other cell types. Production of these products of inosltol phosphollpid metabolism has previously been demonstrated in a rat NK cell line RNK upon exposure to susceptible tumor targets. We therefore Investigated the role of 1P3 and DAG In NK-medlated cytotoxicity, specifically at the level of degranulation. Pre-treatment of RNK cells with neomycin, a drug that interferes with the hydrolysis of inosi-tel phospholipids and thus inhibi...
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 1990
Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central i... more Exocytosis of cytotoxic granule contents towards bound target cells is thought to be of central importance in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated killing. Although cellular cytotoxicity involving degranulation is thought to be calcium-dependent, the biochemical mechanisms that mediate this granule mobilization are unknown. Inositol-1,4,5-tris-phosphate (IP3), which acts to elevate internal calcium levels, and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), which activates protein kinase C, are potent second messengers that have been shown to synergistically mediate secretion in other cell types. Production of these products of inositol phospholipid metabolism has previously been demonstrated in a rat NK cell line RNK upon exposure to susceptible tumor targets. We therefore Investigated the role of IP3 and DAG in NK-mediated cytotoxicity, specifically at the level of degranulation. Pretreatment of RNK cells with neomycin, a drug that interferes with the hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids and thus inhibits...
Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 2012
Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidit... more Conclusion : Le diabète pendant la grossesse est un facteur de risque significatif de la morbidité infantile qui persiste au cours de la première année de vie. L'absence constante de lien de cette cohorte avec la morbidité respiratoire montre une interaction avec le SSÉ et exige de mener d'autres recherches. Ó 2012 Canadian Diabetes Association * Compared to the high SES group. y Described in text due to interaction, all models adjusted for GA, SES grouping, maternal diabetes, maternal age group, parity, congenital anomaly, infant gender, any breastfeeding at discharge and rural residence. z Also adjusted for induced delivery, caesarean section delivery, multiple gestation, size for GA and need for resuscitation at birth. x Also adjusted for short stay at birth as an interaction with GA, NICU admission at birth, ventilation at birth and any morbidity diagnosis at birth.
Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2021
Objective: Infectious illness, including lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), is a leading c... more Objective: Infectious illness, including lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and infant mortality in Inuit children in Nunavut Canada. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) p.P479L variant is common in arctic Indigenous populations of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. CPT1A is a fatty acid oxidation enzyme expressed in the liver, immunocytes and other tissues, and is needed to use fats for energy during fasting. Previous association of the variant with early childhood infectious illness and infant death has been challenged because of sample size and limited adjustment for confounders. We evaluated whether the p.P479L variant is associated with infectious illness in Inuit children of Nunavut, Canada.Methods: We conducted a retrospective clinical chart review of 2,225 Inuit children (0–5 years) for infectious illness (including otitis media, gastroenteritis, and hospital admission for LRTI), prenatal, perinatal, and socioeconomic in...
Canadian journal of public health, 2002
Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical a... more Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical and mental health to activity continuums. Our objective was to report the regional distribution of physical morbidity among children in Manitoba. Using Manitoba's population-based prescription and health care data for 1998/99, the prevalence of children with lower respiratory tract infections, four chronic conditions (asthma, cardiovascular disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus and seizure disorders) and physical disabilities, including spina bifida and cerebral palsy, was determined for 12 Regional Health Authorities and 12 Winnipeg Community Areas, ranked by a measure of population healthiness, the premature mortality rate (PMR). Prescription rates were also reported by neighbourhood income quintile, derived from census data. Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection was highest in infants (6%) and increased with successive decreases in neighbourhood income or in the populat...
Canadian Journal of Public Health, 2002
Paediatrics and Child Health, 2014
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de santé publique
Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical a... more Numerous child health status measures have been developed, ranging from assessments of physical and mental health to activity continuums. Our objective was to report the regional distribution of physical morbidity among children in Manitoba. Using Manitoba's population-based prescription and health care data for 1998/99, the prevalence of children with lower respiratory tract infections, four chronic conditions (asthma, cardiovascular disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus and seizure disorders) and physical disabilities, including spina bifida and cerebral palsy, was determined for 12 Regional Health Authorities and 12 Winnipeg Community Areas, ranked by a measure of population healthiness, the premature mortality rate (PMR). Prescription rates were also reported by neighbourhood income quintile, derived from census data. Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection was highest in infants (6%) and increased with successive decreases in neighbourhood income or in the populat...
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2004
Early Human Development, 2001
American Journal of Medical Genetics, 1998
We report on a young Mennonite child born with short stature, atresia of the external auditory ca... more We report on a young Mennonite child born with short stature, atresia of the external auditory canal, mandibular hypoplasia, and skeletal anomalies. The skeletal defects consist of bilateral humeral hypoplasia, delayed ossification of the pubic rami, and the previously unreported anomaly of humeroscapular synostosis. This girl is the product of a consanguineous mating. This phenotype is unique and does not match that of any previously described condition.
American Journal of Medical Genetics, 2001
Background: Infants born late preterm (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks GA (gestational age)) are known to ... more Background: Infants born late preterm (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks GA (gestational age)) are known to have higher neonatal morbidity than term (37 + 0 to 41 + 6 weeks GA) infants. There is emerging evidence that these risks may not be homogenous within the term cohort and may be higher in early term (37 + 0 to 38 + 6 weeks GA). These risks may also be affected by socioeconomic status, a risk factor for preterm birth. Methods: A retrospective population based cohort of infants born at 34 to 41 weeks of GA was assembled; individual and area-level income was used to develop three socioeconomic (SES) groups. Neonatal morbidity was grouped into respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), other respiratory disorders, other complications of prematurity, admission to a Level II/III nursery and receipt of phototherapy. Regression models were constructed to examine the relationship of GA and SES to neonatal morbidity while controlling for other perinatal variables. Results: The cohort contained 25 312 infants of whom 6.1% (n = 1524) were born preterm and 32.4% (n = 8203) were of low SES. Using 39/40 weeks GA as the reference group there was a decrease in neonatal morbidity at each week of gestation. The odds ratios remained significantly higher at 37 weeks for RDS or other respiratory disorders, and at 38 weeks for all other outcomes. SES had an independent effect, increasing morbidity with odds ratios ranging from 1.2-1.5 for all outcomes except for the RDS group, where it was not significant. Conclusions: The risks of morbidity fell throughout late preterm and early term gestation for both respiratory and non-respiratory morbidity. Low SES was associated with an independent increased risk. Recognition that the morbidities associated with prematurity continue into early term gestation and are further compounded by SES is important to develop strategies for improving care of early term infants, avoiding iatrogenic complications and prioritizing public health interventions.
Early Human Development, 2001
The International Child Care Practices Study (ICCPS) collected descriptive data from 21 centres i... more The International Child Care Practices Study (ICCPS) collected descriptive data from 21 centres in 17 countries. In this report, data are presented on the key sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) risk factors of infant sleep position and parental smoking. Methods: Using a standardised protocol, parents of infants were surveyed at birth by interview, and at 3 months of age mainly by postal questionnaire. Data entry and descriptive analysis were undertaken with Epi Info. Centres were grouped according to geographic location. Also indicated was the level of SIDS awareness in the community, i.e. whether any campaigns or messages to ''reduce the risks of SIDS'' were available at 0378-3782/01/$ -see front matter D 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 7 8 -3 7 8 2 ( 0 1 ) 0 0 1 6 5 -7