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Papers by Eman Kandil

The Journal of Immunology

The intestinal epithelium of neonatal mice and rats expresses an Fc receptor that mediates select... more The intestinal epithelium of neonatal mice and rats expresses an Fc receptor that mediates selective uptake of IgG in mothers' milk. This receptor (FcRn), which helps newborn animals to acquire passive immunity, is an MHC class I-like heterodimer made up of a heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin. In the present study, we determined the genomic structure of a mouse gene (Fcrn) encoding the heavy chain of FcRn. The overall exon-intron organization of the Fcrn gene was similar to that of the MHC class I gene, thus providing structural evidence that Fcrn is a bona fide class I gene. The 5'-flanking region of the Fcrn gene contained the binding motifs for two cytokine-inducible transcription factors, NF-IL6 and NF1. However, regulatory elements found in MHC class I genes (enhancer A, enhancer B, and the IFN response element) were absent. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that, like the MICA, AZGP1, and CD1 genes, the Fcrn gene diverged from MHC class I genes after the emergenc...

The Journal of Immunology

Proteasomes are the multisubunit proteases thought to be involved in the generation of peptides p... more Proteasomes are the multisubunit proteases thought to be involved in the generation of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. When cells are stimulated with IFN-gamma, two MHC encoded subunits, LMP2 and LMP7, are incorporated into the proteasomal complex, presumably by displacing the housekeeping subunits, designated Y and X, respectively. These changes in the subunit composition appear to facilitate class I-mediated Ag presentation, presumably bu altering the cleavage specificities of the proteasome. Here we show that the cartilaginous fish, the most primitive class of vertebrates in which the MHC has been identified, have both LMP7 and X genes. Interestingly, nurse sharks, a member of the cartilaginous fish, appear to have two LMP7 genes, one encoding a typical LMP7 subunit and the other encoding a less typical one. In contrast, only cDNA clones with residues characteristic of X were identified in hagfishes and lampreys, the two extant members of the jawless fish in which no...

International Journal of Development, 2016

One of the most dangerous types of cancer is leukemia which is predominant in children more than ... more One of the most dangerous types of cancer is leukemia which is predominant in children more than adult. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of curcumine lipoiate on tumor progression and hematopoiesis in the peripheral blood either in free form or conjugated with Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthrathene (DMBA) induced leukemiain female wistar rats. The activity of β2 microglobulin and CBC in addition to the activities of the most important free radical scavengers of the antioxidant defense system as well as malondialdehyde content were estimated. Liver function and kidney function markers were also determined for all groups. Cytopathological examination of peripheral blood of each group was also performed. The result of the present study revealed that, curcumine lipoiate conjugated with ZnO-NPs, is more potent antitumor effect than in free form, as it normalizes most of the investigated parameters. In conclusion,these results proved that, the conjugation form resulted in superadditive inhibitor effects on leukemic cells and this was well appreciated with the cytopathological alteration findings in the treated groups, these findings suggest that curcuminelipoiate with Zinc-Oxide play an important role in prevention of leukemia.

Dose-Response, 2022

Cancer is a mortality contributor worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common among women. De... more Cancer is a mortality contributor worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common among women. Despite the numerous breast cancer therapeutic strategies, they either have limitations or sometimes are resisted by cancer, so new approaches are needed to tackle those restrictions. Nanotechnology offers exciting leaps in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, especially breast cancer. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the newly synthesized gallium nanoparticles coated by Ellagic acid (EA-GaNPs) on the induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in female rats and their antibacterial activities comparison with standard antibiotics (Ketoconazole (100 μg/ml) and Gentamycin (4 μg/ml)) by disc diffusion method using eight different microbial species. The antitumor efficacy of EA-GaNPs was conducted both in vitro and in in vivo. The result of antimicrobial activity of EA-Ga NPs (1 mg/1 mL) revealed moderate toxicity behavior against Gram-positive {Staphylococcus aureu...

Biological Trace Element Research, 2022

Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential cancer therapy. ... more Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential cancer therapy. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. This study was designed to assess biosynthesized Zn-NPs as therapeutic agent against kidney cancer induced by ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in rats.Zn-NPs were synthesized from edible mushroom then characterized by transmission electron microscopy analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rats were divided into 4 different groups: group I (control), group II (Fe-NTA group), group III (Zn-NPs group), and group IV (Fe-NTA + Zn-NPs group). Animals were sacrificed then kidney and liver function tests, MDA level, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were measured by using colorimetric methods. Caspase-3 level and carcinoembryonic antigen concentration were measured by using ELISA. Finally, DNA fragmentation...

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP, 2018

Introduction: Colon Cancer remains one of the major worldwide causes of cancer related morbidity ... more Introduction: Colon Cancer remains one of the major worldwide causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality in both genders. Berberine (BBR), a major component of alkaloids that possess a variety of pharmacological properties. Objective: This study shows the ameliorating roles of berberine on 1,2 Di methyl hydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer in male Swiss albino rats. Methods: The rats were segregated into four groups: group 1, control rats; group 2, rats were orally received berberine (75 mg/kg b.wt./day) daily for ten weeks; group 3, rats were subcutaneously injected with DMH (20 mg/kg b.wt) once a week for 8 weeks, group 4, rats were treated firstly with berberine for two weeks before DMH intoxication and concurrently with DMH over 8 weeks. Result: DMH injection decreased the antioxidants levels (GSH and SOD) and increased inflammatory markers (MPO, MAPK and COX-2). Moreover, it downregulated apoptotic markers (Caspase-3 and P53) expression that confirmed by colon cell prolif...

Nutrition and Cancer, 2021

Abstract Probiotics have been suggested as a safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat... more Abstract Probiotics have been suggested as a safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria confer health benefits such as immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and gamma radiation (IR) induced HCC either as prevention or treatment in male rats’ model. Biochemical results revealed a significant increase in serum ALT and γ-GT activities as well as MDA, IL-17, TGF-β1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 protein (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) levels in the liver tissue. The gene expression level of the liver toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) gene was also increased. However, prevention and treatment with EPSs ameliorated most of the investigated parameters. The histopathological observations of liver tissues were in agreement with restored biochemical results. In conclusion, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs are efficacious control against HCC throughout the regulation of TLR2/STAT-3/P38-MAPK Pathway associated with inflammation. Therefore, our novel EPSs ATCC 4356 could be used as a good, safe and effective probiotic to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in suspected patients.

Biotechnology Reports, 2020

Ficus carica is one of the most popular and edible plants. Its trees emanate latex of high medica... more Ficus carica is one of the most popular and edible plants. Its trees emanate latex of high medical importance. The well-studied procoagulant effect of ficin is a hallmark of this latex which protrudes an interesting question of how can the plant control this effect? In the present work, we purified and characterized a serine protease (FPIII) with fibrinolytic activity from F. carica latex and study the anticoagulant character of the latex. FPIII was inhibited by PMSF and its molecular weight was 48 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of FPIII were detected at 8.5 and 60 C, respectively. The activation energy of FPIII was 7 kcal/mol and was thermal stable up to 60 C. FPIII tended to hydrolyze different protein substrates and showed a good catalytic efficiency (K cat /K m). The anticoagulant effects and fibrinogenolytic activities of latex crude extract and FPIII were detected, which controls the procoagulant effect of ficin.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH, 2019

Guided treatments with nanoparticles and low doses of radiation are a new approach in cancer ther... more Guided treatments with nanoparticles and low doses of radiation are a new approach in cancer therapy. This study evaluated the ability of Chitosan-Gallium nanoparticles (Ch.GaNPs) and low dose ofγ-radiation to suppressoxidative stressof female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma (EC)in the neck region. Begins from 7 th day of EC cells inoculation Ch.GaNPs(0.5 mg/kg body weight) were orally administered via gavages for a period of 15 consecutive days and Whole-body γ-irradiation was carried out at a single dose of 0.25Gy/twice a week for 2 weeks. Tumor size was monitored. Oxidative stress markers were assessed, histopathological changes in tumor and liver tissues were studied. In addition, the angiogenic markers concentrations were evaluated.Treatment of EC-bearing mice with Ch.GaNPs and/or low doseof γ-radiation exposure significantly reduced tumor volume, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione content as well as glutathione peroxidase activity intumor and liver tissues. Moreover, the dual treatment significantly reducedserumVEGF, PDGF and TNF-α levels, and significantly elevated Cas-3 activity. These results were well appreciated with the histopathologicalfindings in the tumor and liver tissue. In conclusion, the combined treatment of Ch.GaNPs and low dose ofγ-radiation have a role in suppressing oxidative stress of female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma .

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of manganese nanopartic... more This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of manganese nanoparticles, in management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced in rats. Manganese nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Lactobacillus helveticus cells. In vitro study of manganese nanoparticles on HepG-2 (human cell line of a well-differentiated HCC) revealed an IC 50 of 21.5 mM. The in vivo efficacy of manganese nanoparticles was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant activities against oxidative stress caused by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rates liver tissues. This treatment significantly improved the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein compared to DEN group. Results showed that manganese nanoparticles were effective in treatment of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. So manganese nanoparticles can serve as a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and deserve further studies in the future.

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy ... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of a Withania somnifera extract/Gadolinium III oxide nanocomposite (WSGNC) in mice. WSGNC was injected to solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice via i.p. (227 mg/kg body weight) 3 times/week during 3 weeks. Irradiation was performed by whole body fractionated exposure to 6Gy, applied in 3 doses of 2 Gy/week over 3 weeks. Biochemical analyses as well as DNA fragmentation were performed. Treatment of solid Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice with WSGNC combined with γ-radiation led to a significant decrease in the tumor size and weight associated with a significant decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activities, GSH content and SOD activity as well as a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of WSGNC and low dose of γ-radiation showed great amelioration in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status (GSH content and SOD...

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2014

Background: Methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been investigated in all kinds of cancer. T... more Background: Methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been investigated in all kinds of cancer. Tumor specific epigenetic alterations can be used as a molecular markers of malignancy, which can lead to better diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gene hypermethylation and expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and p16 genes and various clinicopathologic characteristics in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: The study included 28 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas, where an additional 28 tissue samples taken from apparently normal safety margin surrounding the tumors served as controls. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was performed to analyze the methylation status of FHIT, GSTP1 and p16 while their mRNA expression levels were measured using a real-time PCR assay with SYBR Green I. Results: The methylation frequencies of the genes tested in NSCLC specimens were 53.6% for FHIT, 25% for GSTP1, and 0% for p16, and the risk of FHIT hypermethylation increased among patients with NSCLC by 2.88, while the risk of GSTP1 hypermethylation increased by 2.33. Hypermethylation of FHIT gene showed a highly significant correlation with pathologic stage (p<0.01) and a significant correlation with smoking habit and FHIT mRNA expression level (p<0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between the methylation of GSTP1 or p16 and smoking habit or any other parameter investigated (p>0.05). Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that methylation of FHIT is a useful biomarker of biologically aggressive disease in patients with NSCLC. FHIT methylation may play a role in lung cancer later metastatic stages while GSTP1 methylation may rather play a role in the early pathogenesis.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biologic... more Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biological applications will form the greatest sector of expansion over the next decade. With this in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthesized tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite material (nano-TCP) on hepatocarcinoma in a rat model, as initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted with phenobarbital (PB). Hepatocarcinoma was induced with intraperitoneal injections of DEN (50 mg·(kg body mass)−1) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the last dose of DEN, the rats received PB (0.05 %, w/v) in their drinking water for a further 6 weeks. Nano-TCP (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1) was administered intraperitoneally 3 times per week to rats with HCC. At the end of the experimental period, liver samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed, in addition to immune stat...

Research in Immunology, 1996

Bahram and Spies, this issue) and the MRI genes (Hashimoto et al, 1995). Given the diversity of a... more Bahram and Spies, this issue) and the MRI genes (Hashimoto et al, 1995). Given the diversity of antigens presented by these molecules, each selecting its own specialized set or sets of ligands, one may now begin to consider them as constituting a novel specific immune system, functioning alongside the better-characterized immune responses based on classical MHC molecules and CL/S T cells. References Germain, R.N. & Margulies, D.H. (1993), The biochemistry and cell biology of antigen processing and presentation. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 11, 403-450.

Tumor Biology, 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of a novel synthesized comp... more The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of a novel synthesized compound, betaine gallium-tetrachloride (BTG), alone or combined with ZnOnanoparticles (BTG + ZnO-NPs) on the incidence of 7, 12dimethylbenz-anthrathene-induced mammary tumor in female rats. Crystal and molecular structure of the prepared BTG were identified using X-ray crystallography. In vitro study revealed BTG more cytotoxic than BTG + ZnO-NPs on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. In vivo study demonstrated that the blood antioxidant status of tumor-bearing rats (DMBA group) was significantly lower than normal noticeable by a significant decrease in GSH content, GPx, SOD, and CAT activities associated with a significantly high MDA content. Both treatments have significantly elevated SOD and CAT activities with a concomitant decrease of MDA level compared to DMBA group. However, BTG + ZnO-NPs accentuated the decrease of GSH regarding DMBA group. The results showed also that both treatments significantly activate caspase-3 enzyme and apoptosis in mammary glands. Their administration to tumor-bearing rats was found to significantly reduce plasma iron and iron-binding capacity (TIBC) compared to DMBA group. Regarding liver function, both treatments significantly reduced the increase of ALT and AST activities compared to DMBA group. However, BTG + ZnO-NPs decreased albumin below normal level. Histopathological studies showed that normalization of tissue structures was higher in BTG than BTG + ZnO-NPs treatment. According to the results obtained, it is observed that the antitumor effect of BTG alone was as strong as BTG + ZnO-NPs and even more efficient in some aspects accordingly, a combination is not needed. Thus, the novel synthetic gallium derivatives may potentially present a new hope for the development of breast cancer therapeutics, which should attract further scientific and pharmaceutical interest.

Tumor Biology, 2015

Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy represents a key oncology strategy for a more comprehens... more Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy represents a key oncology strategy for a more comprehensive attack toward cancers and improves treatment outcome for various solid tumor malignancies. The present study aims to evaluate the synergistic antitumor effect of γ-radiation together with gallium trichloride (GaCl3) and/or doxorubicin (DOX) against solid Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) in female mice. GaCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) was administered by gavages daily on the seventh day after tumor inoculation, while the cytotoxic drug DOX (4 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intraperitoneally once a week. Whole-body γ-radiation was carried out at a dose 2 Gy once a week. Biochemical analysis showed that solid EC induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content with a significant decrease in the antioxidant state (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities) and depleted serum iron concentration compared to normal control. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in calcium level and caspase-3 concentrations in both serum and tumor homogenate respectively associated with a significant alteration in heart, liver, and kidney functions, as compared to control. Treatment of EC-bearing mice with GaCl3and/or DOX combined with γ-radiation exposure significantly reduced tumor volume and displayed a significant improvement in most studied markers which may indicate a synergistic effect of this combination against organ dysfunction and cellular injury. The histopathologically investigation showed that treatment of animals bearing EC with GaCl3and/or DOX with γ-radiation exposure showed shrinkage in tumor lesions and wide zones of apoptotic cells with signs of regenerations. It was concluded that the combination of GaCl3and/or DOX with γ-radiation exposure resulted in super-additive cytotoxic effects on treatment of cancer cells.

Immunology, 1990

In order to investigate the imbalance of IgG subclasses and its relationship to IgE level, 14 pat... more In order to investigate the imbalance of IgG subclasses and its relationship to IgE level, 14 patients with hyper IgE syndrome (HIE syndrome) were examined for serum IgG subclasses and IgE levels and five of these patients were studied for in vitro IgE and IgG subclass production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Serum IgE levels were highly correlative with serum IgG4 levels (r = 0.75, P less than 0.005), but not with IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3 levels (r = 0.21, 0.43 and 0.41, respectively). In an in vitro study, recombinant IL-4 enhanced not only spontaneous IgE synthesis but also IgG4 synthesis in cultures of PBL from patients with HIE syndrome as well as in healthy donors (P less than 0.01), and the effect of recombinant IL-4 on both IgE and IgG4 synthesis was inhibited by low concentrations of recombinant IFN-gamma (P less than 0.01). The disturbed regulation of IgE and IgG4 seen in patients with hyper IgE syndrome m...

Grasas y Aceites, 2014

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effect of Egypti... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effect of Egyptian and European pumpkin seed oil (PSO) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Tocopherols, fatty acids (FAs) and unsaponifiable matter (UNSAP) were assessed in both oils. The results showed that α-tocopherol was 108 and 273, g-tocopherol was 3.95 and 0 and d-tocopherol was 0 and 1.58 mg•100 g-1 oil of the Egyptian and European, respectively. GLC analysis of FAs revealed the presence of linoleic acid as the major fatty acid in both oils. Feeding a hypercholesterolemic diet produced a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, T-Ch/HDL-Ch, TGs/HDL-Ch and malondialdehyde and a significant reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch), vitamin E, and adiponectin. Rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with either oil showed a significant improvement in all biochemical parameters.

Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2010

There has been growing interest in naturally occurring compounds with anti-cancer potential. Bosw... more There has been growing interest in naturally occurring compounds with anti-cancer potential. Boswellic acid fractions (BA) are the bioactive constituent of the oleogum resin of Boswellia carterii Birdwood (Bursearceae). It has been shown to exert anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects. The antitumor activity molecular pathways of BA action are not clear. Nevertheless, BA is known to induce apoptosis by p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways in cancer cell lines. Growth inhibition is associated with induction of cell cycle arrest. In this study, the anticancer effect of BA in human HepG-2 cancer cells line was investigated. BA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased levels of p21. BA treatment triggered the apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. We also found that, BAinduced cell growth inhibition as a result of increase in the expression level of p53. These results confirm a critical role of p53 in BAinduced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of human hepatoma cancer cells.

The Journal of Immunology

The intestinal epithelium of neonatal mice and rats expresses an Fc receptor that mediates select... more The intestinal epithelium of neonatal mice and rats expresses an Fc receptor that mediates selective uptake of IgG in mothers' milk. This receptor (FcRn), which helps newborn animals to acquire passive immunity, is an MHC class I-like heterodimer made up of a heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin. In the present study, we determined the genomic structure of a mouse gene (Fcrn) encoding the heavy chain of FcRn. The overall exon-intron organization of the Fcrn gene was similar to that of the MHC class I gene, thus providing structural evidence that Fcrn is a bona fide class I gene. The 5'-flanking region of the Fcrn gene contained the binding motifs for two cytokine-inducible transcription factors, NF-IL6 and NF1. However, regulatory elements found in MHC class I genes (enhancer A, enhancer B, and the IFN response element) were absent. Phylogenetic tree analysis suggested that, like the MICA, AZGP1, and CD1 genes, the Fcrn gene diverged from MHC class I genes after the emergenc...

The Journal of Immunology

Proteasomes are the multisubunit proteases thought to be involved in the generation of peptides p... more Proteasomes are the multisubunit proteases thought to be involved in the generation of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules. When cells are stimulated with IFN-gamma, two MHC encoded subunits, LMP2 and LMP7, are incorporated into the proteasomal complex, presumably by displacing the housekeeping subunits, designated Y and X, respectively. These changes in the subunit composition appear to facilitate class I-mediated Ag presentation, presumably bu altering the cleavage specificities of the proteasome. Here we show that the cartilaginous fish, the most primitive class of vertebrates in which the MHC has been identified, have both LMP7 and X genes. Interestingly, nurse sharks, a member of the cartilaginous fish, appear to have two LMP7 genes, one encoding a typical LMP7 subunit and the other encoding a less typical one. In contrast, only cDNA clones with residues characteristic of X were identified in hagfishes and lampreys, the two extant members of the jawless fish in which no...

International Journal of Development, 2016

One of the most dangerous types of cancer is leukemia which is predominant in children more than ... more One of the most dangerous types of cancer is leukemia which is predominant in children more than adult. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive activity of curcumine lipoiate on tumor progression and hematopoiesis in the peripheral blood either in free form or conjugated with Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the incidence of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthrathene (DMBA) induced leukemiain female wistar rats. The activity of β2 microglobulin and CBC in addition to the activities of the most important free radical scavengers of the antioxidant defense system as well as malondialdehyde content were estimated. Liver function and kidney function markers were also determined for all groups. Cytopathological examination of peripheral blood of each group was also performed. The result of the present study revealed that, curcumine lipoiate conjugated with ZnO-NPs, is more potent antitumor effect than in free form, as it normalizes most of the investigated parameters. In conclusion,these results proved that, the conjugation form resulted in superadditive inhibitor effects on leukemic cells and this was well appreciated with the cytopathological alteration findings in the treated groups, these findings suggest that curcuminelipoiate with Zinc-Oxide play an important role in prevention of leukemia.

Dose-Response, 2022

Cancer is a mortality contributor worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common among women. De... more Cancer is a mortality contributor worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common among women. Despite the numerous breast cancer therapeutic strategies, they either have limitations or sometimes are resisted by cancer, so new approaches are needed to tackle those restrictions. Nanotechnology offers exciting leaps in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, especially breast cancer. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the newly synthesized gallium nanoparticles coated by Ellagic acid (EA-GaNPs) on the induced mammary gland carcinogenesis in female rats and their antibacterial activities comparison with standard antibiotics (Ketoconazole (100 μg/ml) and Gentamycin (4 μg/ml)) by disc diffusion method using eight different microbial species. The antitumor efficacy of EA-GaNPs was conducted both in vitro and in in vivo. The result of antimicrobial activity of EA-Ga NPs (1 mg/1 mL) revealed moderate toxicity behavior against Gram-positive {Staphylococcus aureu...

Biological Trace Element Research, 2022

Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential cancer therapy. ... more Zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential cancer therapy. The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. This study was designed to assess biosynthesized Zn-NPs as therapeutic agent against kidney cancer induced by ferric-nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) in rats.Zn-NPs were synthesized from edible mushroom then characterized by transmission electron microscopy analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rats were divided into 4 different groups: group I (control), group II (Fe-NTA group), group III (Zn-NPs group), and group IV (Fe-NTA + Zn-NPs group). Animals were sacrificed then kidney and liver function tests, MDA level, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities were measured by using colorimetric methods. Caspase-3 level and carcinoembryonic antigen concentration were measured by using ELISA. Finally, DNA fragmentation...

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP, 2018

Introduction: Colon Cancer remains one of the major worldwide causes of cancer related morbidity ... more Introduction: Colon Cancer remains one of the major worldwide causes of cancer related morbidity and mortality in both genders. Berberine (BBR), a major component of alkaloids that possess a variety of pharmacological properties. Objective: This study shows the ameliorating roles of berberine on 1,2 Di methyl hydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer in male Swiss albino rats. Methods: The rats were segregated into four groups: group 1, control rats; group 2, rats were orally received berberine (75 mg/kg b.wt./day) daily for ten weeks; group 3, rats were subcutaneously injected with DMH (20 mg/kg b.wt) once a week for 8 weeks, group 4, rats were treated firstly with berberine for two weeks before DMH intoxication and concurrently with DMH over 8 weeks. Result: DMH injection decreased the antioxidants levels (GSH and SOD) and increased inflammatory markers (MPO, MAPK and COX-2). Moreover, it downregulated apoptotic markers (Caspase-3 and P53) expression that confirmed by colon cell prolif...

Nutrition and Cancer, 2021

Abstract Probiotics have been suggested as a safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat... more Abstract Probiotics have been suggested as a safe and cost-effective approach to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some of the exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by lactic acid bacteria confer health benefits such as immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. The present study was therefore aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and gamma radiation (IR) induced HCC either as prevention or treatment in male rats’ model. Biochemical results revealed a significant increase in serum ALT and γ-GT activities as well as MDA, IL-17, TGF-β1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 protein (STAT3), mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) levels in the liver tissue. The gene expression level of the liver toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) gene was also increased. However, prevention and treatment with EPSs ameliorated most of the investigated parameters. The histopathological observations of liver tissues were in agreement with restored biochemical results. In conclusion, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 EPSs are efficacious control against HCC throughout the regulation of TLR2/STAT-3/P38-MAPK Pathway associated with inflammation. Therefore, our novel EPSs ATCC 4356 could be used as a good, safe and effective probiotic to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis in suspected patients.

Biotechnology Reports, 2020

Ficus carica is one of the most popular and edible plants. Its trees emanate latex of high medica... more Ficus carica is one of the most popular and edible plants. Its trees emanate latex of high medical importance. The well-studied procoagulant effect of ficin is a hallmark of this latex which protrudes an interesting question of how can the plant control this effect? In the present work, we purified and characterized a serine protease (FPIII) with fibrinolytic activity from F. carica latex and study the anticoagulant character of the latex. FPIII was inhibited by PMSF and its molecular weight was 48 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature of FPIII were detected at 8.5 and 60 C, respectively. The activation energy of FPIII was 7 kcal/mol and was thermal stable up to 60 C. FPIII tended to hydrolyze different protein substrates and showed a good catalytic efficiency (K cat /K m). The anticoagulant effects and fibrinogenolytic activities of latex crude extract and FPIII were detected, which controls the procoagulant effect of ficin.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH, 2019

Guided treatments with nanoparticles and low doses of radiation are a new approach in cancer ther... more Guided treatments with nanoparticles and low doses of radiation are a new approach in cancer therapy. This study evaluated the ability of Chitosan-Gallium nanoparticles (Ch.GaNPs) and low dose ofγ-radiation to suppressoxidative stressof female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma (EC)in the neck region. Begins from 7 th day of EC cells inoculation Ch.GaNPs(0.5 mg/kg body weight) were orally administered via gavages for a period of 15 consecutive days and Whole-body γ-irradiation was carried out at a single dose of 0.25Gy/twice a week for 2 weeks. Tumor size was monitored. Oxidative stress markers were assessed, histopathological changes in tumor and liver tissues were studied. In addition, the angiogenic markers concentrations were evaluated.Treatment of EC-bearing mice with Ch.GaNPs and/or low doseof γ-radiation exposure significantly reduced tumor volume, increased lipid peroxidation and decreased glutathione content as well as glutathione peroxidase activity intumor and liver tissues. Moreover, the dual treatment significantly reducedserumVEGF, PDGF and TNF-α levels, and significantly elevated Cas-3 activity. These results were well appreciated with the histopathologicalfindings in the tumor and liver tissue. In conclusion, the combined treatment of Ch.GaNPs and low dose ofγ-radiation have a role in suppressing oxidative stress of female mice bearing solid Ehrlich carcinoma .

Novel Research in Microbiology Journal, 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of manganese nanopartic... more This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor potential of manganese nanoparticles, in management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced in rats. Manganese nanoparticles were biosynthesized using Lactobacillus helveticus cells. In vitro study of manganese nanoparticles on HepG-2 (human cell line of a well-differentiated HCC) revealed an IC 50 of 21.5 mM. The in vivo efficacy of manganese nanoparticles was evaluated by measuring the antioxidant activities against oxidative stress caused by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rates liver tissues. This treatment significantly improved the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and total protein compared to DEN group. Results showed that manganese nanoparticles were effective in treatment of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in rats. So manganese nanoparticles can serve as a good therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and deserve further studies in the future.

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2016

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy ... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of a Withania somnifera extract/Gadolinium III oxide nanocomposite (WSGNC) in mice. WSGNC was injected to solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice via i.p. (227 mg/kg body weight) 3 times/week during 3 weeks. Irradiation was performed by whole body fractionated exposure to 6Gy, applied in 3 doses of 2 Gy/week over 3 weeks. Biochemical analyses as well as DNA fragmentation were performed. Treatment of solid Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice with WSGNC combined with γ-radiation led to a significant decrease in the tumor size and weight associated with a significant decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activities, GSH content and SOD activity as well as a significant increase in caspase-3 activity, MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of WSGNC and low dose of γ-radiation showed great amelioration in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status (GSH content and SOD...

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2014

Background: Methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been investigated in all kinds of cancer. T... more Background: Methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been investigated in all kinds of cancer. Tumor specific epigenetic alterations can be used as a molecular markers of malignancy, which can lead to better diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gene hypermethylation and expression of fragile histidine triad (FHIT), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) and p16 genes and various clinicopathologic characteristics in primary non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: The study included 28 primary non-small cell lung carcinomas, where an additional 28 tissue samples taken from apparently normal safety margin surrounding the tumors served as controls. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was performed to analyze the methylation status of FHIT, GSTP1 and p16 while their mRNA expression levels were measured using a real-time PCR assay with SYBR Green I. Results: The methylation frequencies of the genes tested in NSCLC specimens were 53.6% for FHIT, 25% for GSTP1, and 0% for p16, and the risk of FHIT hypermethylation increased among patients with NSCLC by 2.88, while the risk of GSTP1 hypermethylation increased by 2.33. Hypermethylation of FHIT gene showed a highly significant correlation with pathologic stage (p<0.01) and a significant correlation with smoking habit and FHIT mRNA expression level (p<0.05). In contrast, no correlation was observed between the methylation of GSTP1 or p16 and smoking habit or any other parameter investigated (p>0.05). Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that methylation of FHIT is a useful biomarker of biologically aggressive disease in patients with NSCLC. FHIT methylation may play a role in lung cancer later metastatic stages while GSTP1 methylation may rather play a role in the early pathogenesis.

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 2016

Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biologic... more Nanotechnology research is booming worldwide, and the general belief is that medical and biological applications will form the greatest sector of expansion over the next decade. With this in mind, this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a synthesized tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite material (nano-TCP) on hepatocarcinoma in a rat model, as initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and promoted with phenobarbital (PB). Hepatocarcinoma was induced with intraperitoneal injections of DEN (50 mg·(kg body mass)−1) 3 times a week for 2 weeks. Three weeks after the last dose of DEN, the rats received PB (0.05 %, w/v) in their drinking water for a further 6 weeks. Nano-TCP (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1) was administered intraperitoneally 3 times per week to rats with HCC. At the end of the experimental period, liver samples were collected from all animals for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The degree of DNA fragmentation was analyzed, in addition to immune stat...

Research in Immunology, 1996

Bahram and Spies, this issue) and the MRI genes (Hashimoto et al, 1995). Given the diversity of a... more Bahram and Spies, this issue) and the MRI genes (Hashimoto et al, 1995). Given the diversity of antigens presented by these molecules, each selecting its own specialized set or sets of ligands, one may now begin to consider them as constituting a novel specific immune system, functioning alongside the better-characterized immune responses based on classical MHC molecules and CL/S T cells. References Germain, R.N. & Margulies, D.H. (1993), The biochemistry and cell biology of antigen processing and presentation. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 11, 403-450.

Tumor Biology, 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of a novel synthesized comp... more The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor efficacy of a novel synthesized compound, betaine gallium-tetrachloride (BTG), alone or combined with ZnOnanoparticles (BTG + ZnO-NPs) on the incidence of 7, 12dimethylbenz-anthrathene-induced mammary tumor in female rats. Crystal and molecular structure of the prepared BTG were identified using X-ray crystallography. In vitro study revealed BTG more cytotoxic than BTG + ZnO-NPs on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line. In vivo study demonstrated that the blood antioxidant status of tumor-bearing rats (DMBA group) was significantly lower than normal noticeable by a significant decrease in GSH content, GPx, SOD, and CAT activities associated with a significantly high MDA content. Both treatments have significantly elevated SOD and CAT activities with a concomitant decrease of MDA level compared to DMBA group. However, BTG + ZnO-NPs accentuated the decrease of GSH regarding DMBA group. The results showed also that both treatments significantly activate caspase-3 enzyme and apoptosis in mammary glands. Their administration to tumor-bearing rats was found to significantly reduce plasma iron and iron-binding capacity (TIBC) compared to DMBA group. Regarding liver function, both treatments significantly reduced the increase of ALT and AST activities compared to DMBA group. However, BTG + ZnO-NPs decreased albumin below normal level. Histopathological studies showed that normalization of tissue structures was higher in BTG than BTG + ZnO-NPs treatment. According to the results obtained, it is observed that the antitumor effect of BTG alone was as strong as BTG + ZnO-NPs and even more efficient in some aspects accordingly, a combination is not needed. Thus, the novel synthetic gallium derivatives may potentially present a new hope for the development of breast cancer therapeutics, which should attract further scientific and pharmaceutical interest.

Tumor Biology, 2015

Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy represents a key oncology strategy for a more comprehens... more Combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy represents a key oncology strategy for a more comprehensive attack toward cancers and improves treatment outcome for various solid tumor malignancies. The present study aims to evaluate the synergistic antitumor effect of γ-radiation together with gallium trichloride (GaCl3) and/or doxorubicin (DOX) against solid Ehrlich carcinoma (EC) in female mice. GaCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) was administered by gavages daily on the seventh day after tumor inoculation, while the cytotoxic drug DOX (4 mg/kg b.w.) was administered intraperitoneally once a week. Whole-body γ-radiation was carried out at a dose 2 Gy once a week. Biochemical analysis showed that solid EC induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content with a significant decrease in the antioxidant state (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities) and depleted serum iron concentration compared to normal control. Moreover, a significant increase was observed in calcium level and caspase-3 concentrations in both serum and tumor homogenate respectively associated with a significant alteration in heart, liver, and kidney functions, as compared to control. Treatment of EC-bearing mice with GaCl3and/or DOX combined with γ-radiation exposure significantly reduced tumor volume and displayed a significant improvement in most studied markers which may indicate a synergistic effect of this combination against organ dysfunction and cellular injury. The histopathologically investigation showed that treatment of animals bearing EC with GaCl3and/or DOX with γ-radiation exposure showed shrinkage in tumor lesions and wide zones of apoptotic cells with signs of regenerations. It was concluded that the combination of GaCl3and/or DOX with γ-radiation exposure resulted in super-additive cytotoxic effects on treatment of cancer cells.

Immunology, 1990

In order to investigate the imbalance of IgG subclasses and its relationship to IgE level, 14 pat... more In order to investigate the imbalance of IgG subclasses and its relationship to IgE level, 14 patients with hyper IgE syndrome (HIE syndrome) were examined for serum IgG subclasses and IgE levels and five of these patients were studied for in vitro IgE and IgG subclass production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Serum IgE levels were highly correlative with serum IgG4 levels (r = 0.75, P less than 0.005), but not with IgG1, IgG2 or IgG3 levels (r = 0.21, 0.43 and 0.41, respectively). In an in vitro study, recombinant IL-4 enhanced not only spontaneous IgE synthesis but also IgG4 synthesis in cultures of PBL from patients with HIE syndrome as well as in healthy donors (P less than 0.01), and the effect of recombinant IL-4 on both IgE and IgG4 synthesis was inhibited by low concentrations of recombinant IFN-gamma (P less than 0.01). The disturbed regulation of IgE and IgG4 seen in patients with hyper IgE syndrome m...

Grasas y Aceites, 2014

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effect of Egypti... more The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effect of Egyptian and European pumpkin seed oil (PSO) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Tocopherols, fatty acids (FAs) and unsaponifiable matter (UNSAP) were assessed in both oils. The results showed that α-tocopherol was 108 and 273, g-tocopherol was 3.95 and 0 and d-tocopherol was 0 and 1.58 mg•100 g-1 oil of the Egyptian and European, respectively. GLC analysis of FAs revealed the presence of linoleic acid as the major fatty acid in both oils. Feeding a hypercholesterolemic diet produced a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, T-Ch/HDL-Ch, TGs/HDL-Ch and malondialdehyde and a significant reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch), vitamin E, and adiponectin. Rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with either oil showed a significant improvement in all biochemical parameters.

Egyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2010

There has been growing interest in naturally occurring compounds with anti-cancer potential. Bosw... more There has been growing interest in naturally occurring compounds with anti-cancer potential. Boswellic acid fractions (BA) are the bioactive constituent of the oleogum resin of Boswellia carterii Birdwood (Bursearceae). It has been shown to exert anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory effects. The antitumor activity molecular pathways of BA action are not clear. Nevertheless, BA is known to induce apoptosis by p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways in cancer cell lines. Growth inhibition is associated with induction of cell cycle arrest. In this study, the anticancer effect of BA in human HepG-2 cancer cells line was investigated. BA has exhibited effective cell growth inhibition by inducing cancer cells to undergo G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Blockade of cell cycle was associated with increased levels of p21. BA treatment triggered the apoptotic pathway indicated by a change in caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. We also found that, BAinduced cell growth inhibition as a result of increase in the expression level of p53. These results confirm a critical role of p53 in BAinduced G2/M arrest and apoptosis of human hepatoma cancer cells.