Emdad Chowdhury - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Emdad Chowdhury
Epidemiology and infection, Jan 21, 2018
Almost the full range of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenz... more Almost the full range of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been detected either in waterfowl, land-based poultry or in the environment in Bangladesh. AIV infections in Bangladesh affected a wide range of host species of terrestrial poultry. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) H5N1 and low pathogenic AI H9N2 were found to co-circulate and be well entrenched in the poultry population, which has caused serious damage to the poultry industry since 2007. By reviewing the available scientific literature, the overall situation of AIVs in Bangladesh is discussed. All Bangladeshi (BD) H5N1 and H9N2 AIV sequences available at GenBank were downloaded along with other representative sequences to analyse the genetic diversity among the circulating AIVs in Bangladesh and to compare with the global situation. Three different H5N1 clades, 2.2.2, 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.2, have been detected in Bangladesh. Only 2.3.2.1a is still present. Th...
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
For rapid and sensitive pathogen screening from field outbreaks, molecular techniques such as qPC... more For rapid and sensitive pathogen screening from field outbreaks, molecular techniques such as qPCR-based simultaneous detections are efficient. Respiratory diseases are the most detrimental diseases to the poultry industry and need to be addressed because of their major economic losses. In the current study, we have applied two different detection assays: one for simultaneous detection of avian influenza virus (AIV; M gene) and subtyping (H5, N1, H9, N2) using TaqMan probe chemistry (TaqMan multitarget) and another for simultaneous detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) using SYBR Green chemistry (SYBR Green multitarget). Two individual qPCRs were conducted for the detection of four pathogens. Surveillance of tissue (n = 158) and oropharyngeal swab (206) samples from multiple poultry flocks during the years April 2020–July 2022 applying the TaqMan and SYBR Green multitarget qPCRs revealed that 48.9...
Vaccines
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle dise... more Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines based on lentogenic virus strains, locally produced live vaccines of the mesogenic Mukteswar strain, as well as imported inactivated vaccines of lentogenic strains, are being used in Bangladesh under different vaccination regimens. Despite these vaccinations, frequent outbreaks of ND are being reported in Bangladesh. Here we compared the efficacy of booster immunization with three different vaccines in chickens that had been primed with two doses of live LaSota vaccine. A total of 30 birds (Group A) were primed with two doses of live LaSota virus (genotype II) vaccine at days 7 and 28, while 20 birds (Group B) remained unvaccinated. At day 60, birds of Group A were divided into three sub-groups, which received booster immunizations with three different vaccines; A1: live LaSota vaccine, A2: inactivated LaSota vaccine, and A3: inactivated genotype XIII.2 vaccine (...
Veterinary world/Veterinary World, Mar 1, 2024
Background and Aim: The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes cat... more Background and Aim: The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes catastrophic drawbacks to small ruminant industries in affected countries. As PPR disease has been reported in neighboring countries, Indonesia, which has a large population of sheep and goats, has become prone to the emerging threat of infection. Because the virus can also infect other animals with subclinical manifestations, large ruminants, such as buffaloes, may play an important role in spreading the virus in the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify PPR seroprevalence in the buffalo population of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to identify the specific antibody for PPR viruses in the buffalo population using serum bank collection from the National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Results: PPR virus seroprevalence was detected in buffalo from Central Java, East Java, and East Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia. Although seroprevalence was low in the population, the antibody titer was relatively high in the positive samples. Sex and age were identified as determinant factors in the seroprevalence distribution of the buffalo population. Conclusion: The presence of antibodies against the PPR virus in buffaloes may indicate that PPR virus is circulating in the buffalo population of Indonesia.
Microorganisms, 2021
Infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are continuously expanding withi... more Infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are continuously expanding within the community. Chicken meat is usually contaminated by MRSA, and this contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infections in humans. In this study, a cross-sectional supershop survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA in 113 domestic frozen chicken meat samples purchased from nine branded supershops available in five divisional megacities of Bangladesh. The study also focused on the determination of methicillin resistance gene in MRSA isolates. S. aureus was identified by standard culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MRSA was screened by cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Methicillin resistance gene was identified by PCR. Of samples, 54.9% were positive for S. aureus, and, of these, 37.1% isolates were identified as MRSA. All the isolates were multidrug resistant ...
Multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered... more Multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a serious concern to public health worldwide including Bangladesh, and chicken meat is recognized as an important reservoir of ESBL-Ec dissemination to humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) in frozen chicken meat. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of 9 branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli were done based on cultural, biochemical properties and PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% samples were positive for Escherichia coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9–11 and 12–13...
SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 2014
The study was conducted to develop a cytology based diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of avian My... more The study was conducted to develop a cytology based diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of avian Mycoplasma and E. coli infections at post mortem in the field condition. A total of 38 culture and PCR confirmed Mycoplasma, E. coli or mixed infected samples were used for this study. Lung impression smears were prepared on glass slide from the samples at post mortem examination. Inflammatory cells were counted on microscope after Giemsa staining. Cell counts were analyzed with Bonferroni joint confidence interval and Mann-Whitney U test. The average cell percentages in healthy cases were 73.54-81.66%, 9.63-13.37% and 7.42-14.38% for lymphocyte, heterophil, and macrophage, respectively. In case of Mycoplasma infection, average percentages of lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophages were 82.01-88.10%, 5.6 to 8.16% and 4.52-9.68%, respectively. In E. coli infection, average percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophages were found as 64.44-70.76%, 19.73-23.47% and 8.9-12.7%, respectively. In mixed infection, lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophage were found as 76.08-80.50%, 13.47-17.63% and 4.56-7.66%, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that in Mycoplasma infection number of lymphocyte and in E. coli infection number of heterophil increased significantly (p< 0.01). In MC complex, number of heterophil increased and macrophages decreased significantly (p < 0.01). These findings could help identification of Mycoplasma, E. coli or Mycoplasma-E. coli complex at post mortem examination in the field condition.
![Research paper thumbnail of Corrigendum to “Experimental infection of pregnant ewes with enteric and abortion-source Chlamydophila abortus” [Vet. Microbiol. 82 (2001) 285–291]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85668126/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Veterinary Microbiology, 2002
Journal of Virological Methods, 2010
Bangladesh Veterinarian, 2014
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a p... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a public health point of view. This study was conducted to investigate coccidioidomycosis in captive animals at Dhaka Zoo. One hundred and two tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy of 36 animals of 25 species. Twenty five animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases, of which ten were identified as coccidioidomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions at necropsy, granulomatous lesions on histopathology and characteristic spores on special staining confirmed coccidioidomycosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), one horse (Equus caballus), one common langur (Presbytis entellus), one beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) and one reticulated python (Python molurus). It is suggested that coccidioidomycosis in captive animals threatens human and animal health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18255 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, ...
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2014
Reproductive and production disorders (PD) of cross-bred dairy cattle significantly reduce their ... more Reproductive and production disorders (PD) of cross-bred dairy cattle significantly reduce their productivity which is of great concern of dairy producers worldwide because most reproductive disorders adversely affect the future fertility. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of some reproductive diseases (RD) like abortion, anoestrus, metritis, repeat breeder, retained placenta and one production disease like clinical mastitis in cross-bred dairy cattle in Shahjadpur upazila of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh. Two hundred fifty (250) farms having at least two cross-bred dairy cattle were randomly selected for this study using an active surveillance system. The study was conducted over a period of twelve months from March 2012 to February 2013. Epidemiological data and samples from diseased cattle were collected and analyzed. The recorded reproductive disorders were diagnosed and treated by the veterinarians on the basis of history, physical examination, clini...
Progressive Agriculture, 2014
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate cryptococcosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two opportunistic tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy for 36 animals of 25 different species from Dhaka Zoo during the study period. Twenty five among the study animals were found suffering from granulomatous diseases, of them nine cases were identified cryptococcosis first ever in Bangladesh. Clinical history, nodular lesions on necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores & both Langhangs & foreign body giant cells on histopathology and characteristic spores with wide gelatinous band around endospores on special staining revealed cryptococcosis in eight rhesus macaques (Mac...
Veterinary Pathology …, 2007
Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as Goat Plague, occurs in goats, sheep a... more Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as Goat Plague, occurs in goats, sheep and related species. It is caused by a morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. In Bangladesh PPR is endemic and it causes serious economic losses. Pathology of PPR has been reported in different goat and sheep breeds from natural and experimental infections. Field results are better indicators of pathogenicity of the circulating virus. The severity of the disease varies with species, breed and immune status of the host. Pathological investigations of natural outbreaks of PPR in Balck Bengal goats are very limited. The current investigation was aimed at describing pathology and antigen localization in natural PPR infections in Black Bengal goats. Results: A total of 28 outbreaks were investigated clinically and virologically. Average flock morbidity and mortality were 75% and 59%, respectively, with case fatality rate of 74%. Necropsy was conducted on 21 goats from 15 outbreaks. The major gross lesions were congestion of gastrointestinal tract, pneumonia, engorged spleen, and oedematous lymphnodes. Histopathological examination revealed severe enteritis with denudation of intestinal epithelium, severe broncho-interstitial pneumonia with macrophages within lung alveoli and extensive haemorrhages with depletion of lymphoid cells and infiltration of macrophages in the sinuses of spleen. In lymph nodes, the cortical nodules were replaced by wide sinusoids with severe depletion of lymphocytes, infiltration of mononuclear cells and some giant cells in sub-capsular areas and medullary sinuses. PPR virus antigen was found in pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in lungs. Viral RNA could be detected by RT-PCR in 69 out of 84 nasal swab, 59 out of 84 blood and 21 out of 21 lymph node samples. Sequence analyses revealed closeness of Bangladeshi strains with other recent Asian isolates. Conclusion: Natural outbreaks of PPR in Black Bengal goats in Bangladesh resulted in 75% and 59% flock morbidity and mortality, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 74%. The striking histo-morphologic diagnosis of PPR was acute pneumonia and severe gastro-enteritis. A detailed experimental pathological study on Black Bengal goats infected with recent isolates is required.
... Blood sam-ples were obtained from the tail vein of the animals and their fasting blood glucos... more ... Blood sam-ples were obtained from the tail vein of the animals and their fasting blood glucose level was determined in mmol/L ... Tissue Cell, 34: 1–6. 3. Adeyemi DO, Komolafe OA, Adewole OS, Obuotor EM, Adenowo TK (2009) Anti hyperglycemic activities of Annona muricata ...
Veterinary …, 2001
Two groups of pregnant ewes were experimentally infected oronasally in midpregnancy. A faecal and... more Two groups of pregnant ewes were experimentally infected oronasally in midpregnancy. A faecal and an abortion-source isolate of Chlamydophila abortus were used. They were derived from a healthy ewe from a¯ock with no history of abortion, and from an aborted foetus in a farm with enzootic abortion. As assessed by modi®ed Ziehl±Neelsen (MZN) staining, egg culture, antigen ELISA, the Clearview 1 test and immunohistochemistry, inoculation resulted in placental and/or foetal infection in all ewes. Histopathology revealed placentitis in two and four ewes inoculated with the enteric or abortion-source isolate, respectively, in addition, these samples were immunohistochemically positive for chlamydial antigen. All six ewes infected with the enteric isolate and ®ve of seven ewes infected with the abortion-source isolate showed evidence for a serological response by an indirect ELISA or CFT. Neither chlamydiae nor lesions were detected in the placentae and lambs of the uninfected control ewes, which remained seronegative. Our results suggest that enteric C. abortus can be associated with placental and foetal lesions in sheep.
… Journal of Veterinary …, 2008
The Present study was performed in the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period... more The Present study was performed in the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from January to December 2004. The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and pathology of pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and salmonellosis (paratyphoid infection) in dead chickens at necropsy in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 samples (liver, ovary and intestine) were collected for isolation of bacteria in different media, and identification was performed based on the staining, cultural and biochemical properties of Salmonella spp. Routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue level alterations in Salmonella infected cases. Grossly, in all the infected cases the liver was enlarged and congested and in few cases, liver discoloration with focal necrosis. Old raised hemorrhages in the caecal tonsil and congested deformed ova were other important findings. There was catarrhal inflammation in the intestine. Microscopically, the section of livers showed congestion, hemorrhages, focal necrosis with infiltration of mononuclear cells. The pulmonary lesions consisted of sero-fibrinous exudation with mononuclear cell infiltration. The intestinal mucosa exhibited congestion, hemorrhages and infiltration of plasma cells, heterophils and macrophages.. Out of 70 samples, 8 isolates were identified as Salmonella (11.42 %). Of them, five isolates were identified as Salmonella gallinarum, causative agent of fowl typhoid, one isolate was characterized as Salmonella pullorum, causative agent of pullorum disease and other two motile salmonella were identified as paratyphoid infection.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2012
Epidemiology and infection, Jan 21, 2018
Almost the full range of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenz... more Almost the full range of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and nine neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) has been detected either in waterfowl, land-based poultry or in the environment in Bangladesh. AIV infections in Bangladesh affected a wide range of host species of terrestrial poultry. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) H5N1 and low pathogenic AI H9N2 were found to co-circulate and be well entrenched in the poultry population, which has caused serious damage to the poultry industry since 2007. By reviewing the available scientific literature, the overall situation of AIVs in Bangladesh is discussed. All Bangladeshi (BD) H5N1 and H9N2 AIV sequences available at GenBank were downloaded along with other representative sequences to analyse the genetic diversity among the circulating AIVs in Bangladesh and to compare with the global situation. Three different H5N1 clades, 2.2.2, 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.2, have been detected in Bangladesh. Only 2.3.2.1a is still present. Th...
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
For rapid and sensitive pathogen screening from field outbreaks, molecular techniques such as qPC... more For rapid and sensitive pathogen screening from field outbreaks, molecular techniques such as qPCR-based simultaneous detections are efficient. Respiratory diseases are the most detrimental diseases to the poultry industry and need to be addressed because of their major economic losses. In the current study, we have applied two different detection assays: one for simultaneous detection of avian influenza virus (AIV; M gene) and subtyping (H5, N1, H9, N2) using TaqMan probe chemistry (TaqMan multitarget) and another for simultaneous detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) using SYBR Green chemistry (SYBR Green multitarget). Two individual qPCRs were conducted for the detection of four pathogens. Surveillance of tissue (n = 158) and oropharyngeal swab (206) samples from multiple poultry flocks during the years April 2020–July 2022 applying the TaqMan and SYBR Green multitarget qPCRs revealed that 48.9...
Vaccines
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle dise... more Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines based on lentogenic virus strains, locally produced live vaccines of the mesogenic Mukteswar strain, as well as imported inactivated vaccines of lentogenic strains, are being used in Bangladesh under different vaccination regimens. Despite these vaccinations, frequent outbreaks of ND are being reported in Bangladesh. Here we compared the efficacy of booster immunization with three different vaccines in chickens that had been primed with two doses of live LaSota vaccine. A total of 30 birds (Group A) were primed with two doses of live LaSota virus (genotype II) vaccine at days 7 and 28, while 20 birds (Group B) remained unvaccinated. At day 60, birds of Group A were divided into three sub-groups, which received booster immunizations with three different vaccines; A1: live LaSota vaccine, A2: inactivated LaSota vaccine, and A3: inactivated genotype XIII.2 vaccine (...
Veterinary world/Veterinary World, Mar 1, 2024
Background and Aim: The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes cat... more Background and Aim: The peste des petit ruminants (PPR) is a disaster-class virus that causes catastrophic drawbacks to small ruminant industries in affected countries. As PPR disease has been reported in neighboring countries, Indonesia, which has a large population of sheep and goats, has become prone to the emerging threat of infection. Because the virus can also infect other animals with subclinical manifestations, large ruminants, such as buffaloes, may play an important role in spreading the virus in the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify PPR seroprevalence in the buffalo population of Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to identify the specific antibody for PPR viruses in the buffalo population using serum bank collection from the National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. Results: PPR virus seroprevalence was detected in buffalo from Central Java, East Java, and East Nusa Tenggara Province in Indonesia. Although seroprevalence was low in the population, the antibody titer was relatively high in the positive samples. Sex and age were identified as determinant factors in the seroprevalence distribution of the buffalo population. Conclusion: The presence of antibodies against the PPR virus in buffaloes may indicate that PPR virus is circulating in the buffalo population of Indonesia.
Microorganisms, 2021
Infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are continuously expanding withi... more Infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are continuously expanding within the community. Chicken meat is usually contaminated by MRSA, and this contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infections in humans. In this study, a cross-sectional supershop survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of MRSA in 113 domestic frozen chicken meat samples purchased from nine branded supershops available in five divisional megacities of Bangladesh. The study also focused on the determination of methicillin resistance gene in MRSA isolates. S. aureus was identified by standard culture-based and molecular methods, and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MRSA was screened by cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Methicillin resistance gene was identified by PCR. Of samples, 54.9% were positive for S. aureus, and, of these, 37.1% isolates were identified as MRSA. All the isolates were multidrug resistant ...
Multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered... more Multidrug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a serious concern to public health worldwide including Bangladesh, and chicken meat is recognized as an important reservoir of ESBL-Ec dissemination to humans. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) in frozen chicken meat. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of 9 branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of Escherichia coli were done based on cultural, biochemical properties and PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% samples were positive for Escherichia coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9–11 and 12–13...
SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 2014
The study was conducted to develop a cytology based diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of avian My... more The study was conducted to develop a cytology based diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of avian Mycoplasma and E. coli infections at post mortem in the field condition. A total of 38 culture and PCR confirmed Mycoplasma, E. coli or mixed infected samples were used for this study. Lung impression smears were prepared on glass slide from the samples at post mortem examination. Inflammatory cells were counted on microscope after Giemsa staining. Cell counts were analyzed with Bonferroni joint confidence interval and Mann-Whitney U test. The average cell percentages in healthy cases were 73.54-81.66%, 9.63-13.37% and 7.42-14.38% for lymphocyte, heterophil, and macrophage, respectively. In case of Mycoplasma infection, average percentages of lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophages were 82.01-88.10%, 5.6 to 8.16% and 4.52-9.68%, respectively. In E. coli infection, average percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophages were found as 64.44-70.76%, 19.73-23.47% and 8.9-12.7%, respectively. In mixed infection, lymphocyte, heterophil and macrophage were found as 76.08-80.50%, 13.47-17.63% and 4.56-7.66%, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that in Mycoplasma infection number of lymphocyte and in E. coli infection number of heterophil increased significantly (p< 0.01). In MC complex, number of heterophil increased and macrophages decreased significantly (p < 0.01). These findings could help identification of Mycoplasma, E. coli or Mycoplasma-E. coli complex at post mortem examination in the field condition.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2002
Journal of Virological Methods, 2010
Bangladesh Veterinarian, 2014
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a p... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a public health point of view. This study was conducted to investigate coccidioidomycosis in captive animals at Dhaka Zoo. One hundred and two tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy of 36 animals of 25 species. Twenty five animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases, of which ten were identified as coccidioidomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions at necropsy, granulomatous lesions on histopathology and characteristic spores on special staining confirmed coccidioidomycosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), one horse (Equus caballus), one common langur (Presbytis entellus), one beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) and one reticulated python (Python molurus). It is suggested that coccidioidomycosis in captive animals threatens human and animal health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18255 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, ...
Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2014
Reproductive and production disorders (PD) of cross-bred dairy cattle significantly reduce their ... more Reproductive and production disorders (PD) of cross-bred dairy cattle significantly reduce their productivity which is of great concern of dairy producers worldwide because most reproductive disorders adversely affect the future fertility. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of some reproductive diseases (RD) like abortion, anoestrus, metritis, repeat breeder, retained placenta and one production disease like clinical mastitis in cross-bred dairy cattle in Shahjadpur upazila of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh. Two hundred fifty (250) farms having at least two cross-bred dairy cattle were randomly selected for this study using an active surveillance system. The study was conducted over a period of twelve months from March 2012 to February 2013. Epidemiological data and samples from diseased cattle were collected and analyzed. The recorded reproductive disorders were diagnosed and treated by the veterinarians on the basis of history, physical examination, clini...
Progressive Agriculture, 2014
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate cryptococcosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two opportunistic tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy for 36 animals of 25 different species from Dhaka Zoo during the study period. Twenty five among the study animals were found suffering from granulomatous diseases, of them nine cases were identified cryptococcosis first ever in Bangladesh. Clinical history, nodular lesions on necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores & both Langhangs & foreign body giant cells on histopathology and characteristic spores with wide gelatinous band around endospores on special staining revealed cryptococcosis in eight rhesus macaques (Mac...
Veterinary Pathology …, 2007
Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as Goat Plague, occurs in goats, sheep a... more Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as Goat Plague, occurs in goats, sheep and related species. It is caused by a morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. In Bangladesh PPR is endemic and it causes serious economic losses. Pathology of PPR has been reported in different goat and sheep breeds from natural and experimental infections. Field results are better indicators of pathogenicity of the circulating virus. The severity of the disease varies with species, breed and immune status of the host. Pathological investigations of natural outbreaks of PPR in Balck Bengal goats are very limited. The current investigation was aimed at describing pathology and antigen localization in natural PPR infections in Black Bengal goats. Results: A total of 28 outbreaks were investigated clinically and virologically. Average flock morbidity and mortality were 75% and 59%, respectively, with case fatality rate of 74%. Necropsy was conducted on 21 goats from 15 outbreaks. The major gross lesions were congestion of gastrointestinal tract, pneumonia, engorged spleen, and oedematous lymphnodes. Histopathological examination revealed severe enteritis with denudation of intestinal epithelium, severe broncho-interstitial pneumonia with macrophages within lung alveoli and extensive haemorrhages with depletion of lymphoid cells and infiltration of macrophages in the sinuses of spleen. In lymph nodes, the cortical nodules were replaced by wide sinusoids with severe depletion of lymphocytes, infiltration of mononuclear cells and some giant cells in sub-capsular areas and medullary sinuses. PPR virus antigen was found in pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in lungs. Viral RNA could be detected by RT-PCR in 69 out of 84 nasal swab, 59 out of 84 blood and 21 out of 21 lymph node samples. Sequence analyses revealed closeness of Bangladeshi strains with other recent Asian isolates. Conclusion: Natural outbreaks of PPR in Black Bengal goats in Bangladesh resulted in 75% and 59% flock morbidity and mortality, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 74%. The striking histo-morphologic diagnosis of PPR was acute pneumonia and severe gastro-enteritis. A detailed experimental pathological study on Black Bengal goats infected with recent isolates is required.
... Blood sam-ples were obtained from the tail vein of the animals and their fasting blood glucos... more ... Blood sam-ples were obtained from the tail vein of the animals and their fasting blood glucose level was determined in mmol/L ... Tissue Cell, 34: 1–6. 3. Adeyemi DO, Komolafe OA, Adewole OS, Obuotor EM, Adenowo TK (2009) Anti hyperglycemic activities of Annona muricata ...
Veterinary …, 2001
Two groups of pregnant ewes were experimentally infected oronasally in midpregnancy. A faecal and... more Two groups of pregnant ewes were experimentally infected oronasally in midpregnancy. A faecal and an abortion-source isolate of Chlamydophila abortus were used. They were derived from a healthy ewe from a¯ock with no history of abortion, and from an aborted foetus in a farm with enzootic abortion. As assessed by modi®ed Ziehl±Neelsen (MZN) staining, egg culture, antigen ELISA, the Clearview 1 test and immunohistochemistry, inoculation resulted in placental and/or foetal infection in all ewes. Histopathology revealed placentitis in two and four ewes inoculated with the enteric or abortion-source isolate, respectively, in addition, these samples were immunohistochemically positive for chlamydial antigen. All six ewes infected with the enteric isolate and ®ve of seven ewes infected with the abortion-source isolate showed evidence for a serological response by an indirect ELISA or CFT. Neither chlamydiae nor lesions were detected in the placentae and lambs of the uninfected control ewes, which remained seronegative. Our results suggest that enteric C. abortus can be associated with placental and foetal lesions in sheep.
… Journal of Veterinary …, 2008
The Present study was performed in the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period... more The Present study was performed in the Department of Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from January to December 2004. The study was conducted to determine the occurrence and pathology of pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and salmonellosis (paratyphoid infection) in dead chickens at necropsy in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 samples (liver, ovary and intestine) were collected for isolation of bacteria in different media, and identification was performed based on the staining, cultural and biochemical properties of Salmonella spp. Routine histopathological method was used for the detection of tissue level alterations in Salmonella infected cases. Grossly, in all the infected cases the liver was enlarged and congested and in few cases, liver discoloration with focal necrosis. Old raised hemorrhages in the caecal tonsil and congested deformed ova were other important findings. There was catarrhal inflammation in the intestine. Microscopically, the section of livers showed congestion, hemorrhages, focal necrosis with infiltration of mononuclear cells. The pulmonary lesions consisted of sero-fibrinous exudation with mononuclear cell infiltration. The intestinal mucosa exhibited congestion, hemorrhages and infiltration of plasma cells, heterophils and macrophages.. Out of 70 samples, 8 isolates were identified as Salmonella (11.42 %). Of them, five isolates were identified as Salmonella gallinarum, causative agent of fowl typhoid, one isolate was characterized as Salmonella pullorum, causative agent of pullorum disease and other two motile salmonella were identified as paratyphoid infection.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2012