Emilio Pérez-trallero - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Emilio Pérez-trallero
Revista Clínica Española
Human myiasis are infestations produced by fly larvae which invade human tissues or cavities. We ... more Human myiasis are infestations produced by fly larvae which invade human tissues or cavities. We report a case of semi-specific myiasis which consisted in infestation of the vulvar region of an eighty-six-year old, diabetic patient who was admitted in a clinical center for elderly. The development from larva to adult fly was carried out in the laboratory and it was identified as Sarcophaga. The infestation was resolved extracting the larvae and washing the affected area with an antiseptic solution.
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
Measles vaccine was introduced in Gipuzkoa (Basque country, Spain) in 1978 and was replaced by th... more Measles vaccine was introduced in Gipuzkoa (Basque country, Spain) in 1978 and was replaced by the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for children aged 12-15 months in 1981. A second dose of the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1992. Both doses of the MMR vaccine were well accepted by the population and high coverage was achieved (95% and 91% for the first and second doses respectively for the period 1993-2002). Measles virus circulation was interrupted in the second half of the 1990s: no cases of indigenous measles were notified between 1998 and 2003, and only imported cases have been confirmed during this period. These data indicate that the measles vaccination programme implemented has been effective. Nevertheless, to avoid measles outbreaks following viral introduction, high MMR vaccine coverage levels for the two doses have to be maintained (>95%).
Anales espanoles de pediatria
Medicina Clínica
Despite the existence of an effective, cheap vaccine with few side effects, tetanus remains prese... more Despite the existence of an effective, cheap vaccine with few side effects, tetanus remains present in Spain with most of the cases being observed in subjects over the age of 49 years. The present seroepidemiologic study was performed to detect the degree of protection of this population. The presence of antitetanic antibodies were determined in 324 subjects over the age of 49 (range: 50-88 years, mean 65.5 +/- 9.8 years) in Guipúzcoa. A passive hemagglutination technique (Tetan test; Istituto Sieroterápico Milanese) was used to detect tetanic antitoxoid antibodies following validation of the technique with a neutralizing test of the toxin in white mouse. Only 12.3% (40/324) of the subjects were considered as immune versus tetanus. The older subjects were the least protected: 7.7% (8/104) of those over 70 years of age versus 17.3% (17/98) of those from 50-59 years of age (chi 2 = 4.34, p = 0.037). The women were globally less protected: 5.4% versus 17% (33/194) males (chi 2 = 9.72; p = 0.002). Most of the adult population over the age of 49 years in Guipúzcoa is not protected against tetanus. This is in contrast with the situation observed in the infant and adolescent population. Specific preventive measures directed at the adult and elderly population should be undertaken.
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Recurrence and a lack of treatment response are common in dermatophytosis. In patients with cutan... more Recurrence and a lack of treatment response are common in dermatophytosis. In patients with cutaneous and concurrent toenail lesions, often only the former are investigated, which may result in inappropriate treatment due to misdiagnosis. Between January 2000 and April 2004, we prospectively studied the presence of dermatophytic fungi in lesions other than those prompting the consultation to further investigate the diagnosis. We prospectively identified 61 patients with dermatophytosis and concurrent lesions caused by the same fungus at sites distant from the primary lesion. Concurrent lesions occurred in 15.9% of culture-confirmed dermatophyte infections. Thirty-six patients (59%) consulted for skin lesions located at sites other than that of the primary lesion in the foot. The most frequently identified species was Trichophyton rubrum (50/61, 82%). Localization of all the lesions, as well as isolation and identification of the causative fungus, are essential to establish the prognosis and choose the most appropriate antifungal agent, route of administration, and duration of treatment in dermatophytosis.
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Tetracyclines, whether natural or semisynthetic, act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. T... more Tetracyclines, whether natural or semisynthetic, act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. These antibiotics are bacteriostatic and have a broad spectrum of activity. In the past, tetracyclines were discredited because of the high prevalence of isolates with acquired resistance, but they are now regaining status because of the incorporation of new, more active components. Doxycycline is currently the most commonly used tetracycline and is considered an essential drug by the World Health Organization. Tigecycline, a third-generation tetracycline, has a broader spectrum of activity and is an alternative option for the treatment of complicated infections by multiresistant organisms. Sulfonamides are synthetic, broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics. Because of associated toxicity and high rates of resistance, their use is now very limited. Metronidazole is the most important member of the 5-nitroimidazole family. It has high bactericidal activity against anaerobic bacteria, som...
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2005
The macrolide resistance determinants and genetic elements carrying the mef(A) and mef(E) subclas... more The macrolide resistance determinants and genetic elements carrying the mef(A) and mef(E) subclasses of the mef gene were studied with Streptococcus agalactiae isolated in 2003 and 2004 from 7,084 vaginorectal cultures performed to detect carrier pregnant women. The prevalence of carriage was 18% (1,276 isolates), and that of erythromycin resistance 11.0% (129 of the 1,171 isolates studied). erm(B), erm(A) subclass erm(TR), and the mef gene, either subclass mef(A) or mef(E), were found in 72 (55.8%), 41 (31.8%), and 12 (9.3%) erythromycin-resistant isolates, while 4 isolates had more than 1 erythromycin resistance gene. Of the 13 M-phenotype mef-containing erythromycin-resistant S. agalactiae isolates, 11 had the mef(E) subclass gene alone, one had both the mef(E) and the erm(TR) subclass genes, and one had the mef(A) subclass gene. mef(E) subclass genes were associated with the carrying element mega in 10 of the 12 mef(E)-containing strains, while the single mef(A) subclass gene fo...
Medicina clínica, Jan 21, 2003
Helicobacter pylori infections are acquired primarily during childhood. Nevertheless, infections ... more Helicobacter pylori infections are acquired primarily during childhood. Nevertheless, infections also develop in the adult population and it is not clear how the cumulative effect of these infections occurs throughout life. With the aim to contribute to the current data on the evolution of H. pylori infection in the adult population of Spain, the incidence and prevalence rates in a population of women who went to the hospital for delivery were studied. The study considered the sero-conversion and sero-reversion of H. pylori antibodies in 1441 women from Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain), between 15 and 41 years-old (mean 28.5 [3.4]). These women delivered after September 1989 and had a second childbirth 2 to 8 years later. A serum sample was obtained at the time of each childbirth. Results were determined by enzymoimmunoanalysis (Pyloriset EIA-G New, Finland). H pylori antibodies were detected in the first serum specimen of 648 women (45.0% prevalence). Twenty-four out of the 793 wom...
European journal of epidemiology, 1997
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. To evaluate the pre... more Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. To evaluate the prevalence of this infection in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain) we studied the presence of antibodies against Helicobacter pylori (HPAb) using a second-generation EIA (Cobas Core). The study was performed on two groups of subjects: a middle-class group, 2-78 years-old (n = 1335) and a group of slum dwellers, 2-15 years-old (n = 89). In the middle-class group the prevalence of HPAb in children under 6 was 3.1% (3/96); the prevalence was significantly greater in older compared to younger age groups, reaching 84.3% (102/121) in adults 50-59 years. The geometric mean of the titer in seropositive subjects was also greater in older age groups. By logistic regression analysis the prevalence of HPAb was associated with age, educational level and geographic origin but not with sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, or use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. The prevalence of HPAb was much higher in ...
The Journal of infection, 2012
To study the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene in methicillin-susceptible ... more To study the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene in methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus obtained in Gipuzkoa, northeastern area of the Basque Country, north-central Spain, and perform the molecular characterization of PVL-positive isolates. Molecular studies comprised: PVL gene detection by PCR, staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, spa sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and detection of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Between 1978 and 2006, only two (0.3%) of the 686 MRSA isolates studied were positive for the PVL gene. This percentage increased between 2007 and 2009, when the PVL gene was detected in 30 of the 679 MRSA (4.4%) and in nine of the 1227 MSSA (0.7%) isolates. The 41 PVL-positive isolates characterized had eight different sequence types (STs). Twenty-three MRSA PVL-positive isolates were ST8, spa type t008, seven of ...
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014
In the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain (≈700,000 inhabitants), 7-12 episodes of human listeriosis wer... more In the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain (≈700,000 inhabitants), 7-12 episodes of human listeriosis were recorded annually during 2009-2012. However, during January 2013-February 2014, 27 episodes were detected, including 11 pregnancy-associated cases. Fifteen cases in 2 epidemiologically unrelated outbreaks were caused by a rare type of Listeria monocytogenes, sequence type 87 serotype 1/2b.
Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous among humans. However, while H. pyl... more Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous among humans. However, while H. pylori strains from different geographic areas are associated with clear phylogeographic differentiation1-4, the age of an association between these bacteria with humans remains highly controversial5, 6. Here we show, using sequences from a large dataset of bacterial strains that, as in humans, genetic diversity in H. pylori decreases with geographic distance from East Africa, the cradle of modern humans. We also observe similar clines of genetic isolation by distance (IBD) for both H. pylori and its human host at a worldwide scale. Like humans, simulations indicate that H. pylori seems to have spread from East Africa around 58,000 years ago. Even at more restricted geographic scales, where IBD tends to become blurred, principal component clines in H. pylori from Europe strongly resemble the classical clines for Europeans described by Cavalli-Sforza and colleagues7. Taken together, our results establish that anatomically modern humans were already
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica, 2002
PLoS ONE, 2014
Background: Noroviruses (NoVs) are genetically diverse, with genogroup II-and within it-genotype ... more Background: Noroviruses (NoVs) are genetically diverse, with genogroup II-and within it-genotype 4 (GII.4) being the most prevalent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize genogroup II NoV causing acute gastroenteritis in the Basque Country (northern Spain) from 2009-2012.
Revista Clínica Española
Human myiasis are infestations produced by fly larvae which invade human tissues or cavities. We ... more Human myiasis are infestations produced by fly larvae which invade human tissues or cavities. We report a case of semi-specific myiasis which consisted in infestation of the vulvar region of an eighty-six-year old, diabetic patient who was admitted in a clinical center for elderly. The development from larva to adult fly was carried out in the laboratory and it was identified as Sarcophaga. The infestation was resolved extracting the larvae and washing the affected area with an antiseptic solution.
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
Measles vaccine was introduced in Gipuzkoa (Basque country, Spain) in 1978 and was replaced by th... more Measles vaccine was introduced in Gipuzkoa (Basque country, Spain) in 1978 and was replaced by the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for children aged 12-15 months in 1981. A second dose of the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1992. Both doses of the MMR vaccine were well accepted by the population and high coverage was achieved (95% and 91% for the first and second doses respectively for the period 1993-2002). Measles virus circulation was interrupted in the second half of the 1990s: no cases of indigenous measles were notified between 1998 and 2003, and only imported cases have been confirmed during this period. These data indicate that the measles vaccination programme implemented has been effective. Nevertheless, to avoid measles outbreaks following viral introduction, high MMR vaccine coverage levels for the two doses have to be maintained (>95%).
Anales espanoles de pediatria
Medicina Clínica
Despite the existence of an effective, cheap vaccine with few side effects, tetanus remains prese... more Despite the existence of an effective, cheap vaccine with few side effects, tetanus remains present in Spain with most of the cases being observed in subjects over the age of 49 years. The present seroepidemiologic study was performed to detect the degree of protection of this population. The presence of antitetanic antibodies were determined in 324 subjects over the age of 49 (range: 50-88 years, mean 65.5 +/- 9.8 years) in Guipúzcoa. A passive hemagglutination technique (Tetan test; Istituto Sieroterápico Milanese) was used to detect tetanic antitoxoid antibodies following validation of the technique with a neutralizing test of the toxin in white mouse. Only 12.3% (40/324) of the subjects were considered as immune versus tetanus. The older subjects were the least protected: 7.7% (8/104) of those over 70 years of age versus 17.3% (17/98) of those from 50-59 years of age (chi 2 = 4.34, p = 0.037). The women were globally less protected: 5.4% versus 17% (33/194) males (chi 2 = 9.72; p = 0.002). Most of the adult population over the age of 49 years in Guipúzcoa is not protected against tetanus. This is in contrast with the situation observed in the infant and adolescent population. Specific preventive measures directed at the adult and elderly population should be undertaken.
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Recurrence and a lack of treatment response are common in dermatophytosis. In patients with cutan... more Recurrence and a lack of treatment response are common in dermatophytosis. In patients with cutaneous and concurrent toenail lesions, often only the former are investigated, which may result in inappropriate treatment due to misdiagnosis. Between January 2000 and April 2004, we prospectively studied the presence of dermatophytic fungi in lesions other than those prompting the consultation to further investigate the diagnosis. We prospectively identified 61 patients with dermatophytosis and concurrent lesions caused by the same fungus at sites distant from the primary lesion. Concurrent lesions occurred in 15.9% of culture-confirmed dermatophyte infections. Thirty-six patients (59%) consulted for skin lesions located at sites other than that of the primary lesion in the foot. The most frequently identified species was Trichophyton rubrum (50/61, 82%). Localization of all the lesions, as well as isolation and identification of the causative fungus, are essential to establish the prognosis and choose the most appropriate antifungal agent, route of administration, and duration of treatment in dermatophytosis.
Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Tetracyclines, whether natural or semisynthetic, act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. T... more Tetracyclines, whether natural or semisynthetic, act by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. These antibiotics are bacteriostatic and have a broad spectrum of activity. In the past, tetracyclines were discredited because of the high prevalence of isolates with acquired resistance, but they are now regaining status because of the incorporation of new, more active components. Doxycycline is currently the most commonly used tetracycline and is considered an essential drug by the World Health Organization. Tigecycline, a third-generation tetracycline, has a broader spectrum of activity and is an alternative option for the treatment of complicated infections by multiresistant organisms. Sulfonamides are synthetic, broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics. Because of associated toxicity and high rates of resistance, their use is now very limited. Metronidazole is the most important member of the 5-nitroimidazole family. It has high bactericidal activity against anaerobic bacteria, som...
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2005
The macrolide resistance determinants and genetic elements carrying the mef(A) and mef(E) subclas... more The macrolide resistance determinants and genetic elements carrying the mef(A) and mef(E) subclasses of the mef gene were studied with Streptococcus agalactiae isolated in 2003 and 2004 from 7,084 vaginorectal cultures performed to detect carrier pregnant women. The prevalence of carriage was 18% (1,276 isolates), and that of erythromycin resistance 11.0% (129 of the 1,171 isolates studied). erm(B), erm(A) subclass erm(TR), and the mef gene, either subclass mef(A) or mef(E), were found in 72 (55.8%), 41 (31.8%), and 12 (9.3%) erythromycin-resistant isolates, while 4 isolates had more than 1 erythromycin resistance gene. Of the 13 M-phenotype mef-containing erythromycin-resistant S. agalactiae isolates, 11 had the mef(E) subclass gene alone, one had both the mef(E) and the erm(TR) subclass genes, and one had the mef(A) subclass gene. mef(E) subclass genes were associated with the carrying element mega in 10 of the 12 mef(E)-containing strains, while the single mef(A) subclass gene fo...
Medicina clínica, Jan 21, 2003
Helicobacter pylori infections are acquired primarily during childhood. Nevertheless, infections ... more Helicobacter pylori infections are acquired primarily during childhood. Nevertheless, infections also develop in the adult population and it is not clear how the cumulative effect of these infections occurs throughout life. With the aim to contribute to the current data on the evolution of H. pylori infection in the adult population of Spain, the incidence and prevalence rates in a population of women who went to the hospital for delivery were studied. The study considered the sero-conversion and sero-reversion of H. pylori antibodies in 1441 women from Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain), between 15 and 41 years-old (mean 28.5 [3.4]). These women delivered after September 1989 and had a second childbirth 2 to 8 years later. A serum sample was obtained at the time of each childbirth. Results were determined by enzymoimmunoanalysis (Pyloriset EIA-G New, Finland). H pylori antibodies were detected in the first serum specimen of 648 women (45.0% prevalence). Twenty-four out of the 793 wom...
European journal of epidemiology, 1997
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. To evaluate the pre... more Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide. To evaluate the prevalence of this infection in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain) we studied the presence of antibodies against Helicobacter pylori (HPAb) using a second-generation EIA (Cobas Core). The study was performed on two groups of subjects: a middle-class group, 2-78 years-old (n = 1335) and a group of slum dwellers, 2-15 years-old (n = 89). In the middle-class group the prevalence of HPAb in children under 6 was 3.1% (3/96); the prevalence was significantly greater in older compared to younger age groups, reaching 84.3% (102/121) in adults 50-59 years. The geometric mean of the titer in seropositive subjects was also greater in older age groups. By logistic regression analysis the prevalence of HPAb was associated with age, educational level and geographic origin but not with sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, or use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs. The prevalence of HPAb was much higher in ...
The Journal of infection, 2012
To study the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene in methicillin-susceptible ... more To study the prevalence of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) gene in methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus obtained in Gipuzkoa, northeastern area of the Basque Country, north-central Spain, and perform the molecular characterization of PVL-positive isolates. Molecular studies comprised: PVL gene detection by PCR, staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, spa sequencing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and detection of the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). Between 1978 and 2006, only two (0.3%) of the 686 MRSA isolates studied were positive for the PVL gene. This percentage increased between 2007 and 2009, when the PVL gene was detected in 30 of the 679 MRSA (4.4%) and in nine of the 1227 MSSA (0.7%) isolates. The 41 PVL-positive isolates characterized had eight different sequence types (STs). Twenty-three MRSA PVL-positive isolates were ST8, spa type t008, seven of ...
The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 1999
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014
In the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain (≈700,000 inhabitants), 7-12 episodes of human listeriosis wer... more In the province of Gipuzkoa, Spain (≈700,000 inhabitants), 7-12 episodes of human listeriosis were recorded annually during 2009-2012. However, during January 2013-February 2014, 27 episodes were detected, including 11 pregnancy-associated cases. Fifteen cases in 2 epidemiologically unrelated outbreaks were caused by a rare type of Listeria monocytogenes, sequence type 87 serotype 1/2b.
Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous among humans. However, while H. pyl... more Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is ubiquitous among humans. However, while H. pylori strains from different geographic areas are associated with clear phylogeographic differentiation1-4, the age of an association between these bacteria with humans remains highly controversial5, 6. Here we show, using sequences from a large dataset of bacterial strains that, as in humans, genetic diversity in H. pylori decreases with geographic distance from East Africa, the cradle of modern humans. We also observe similar clines of genetic isolation by distance (IBD) for both H. pylori and its human host at a worldwide scale. Like humans, simulations indicate that H. pylori seems to have spread from East Africa around 58,000 years ago. Even at more restricted geographic scales, where IBD tends to become blurred, principal component clines in H. pylori from Europe strongly resemble the classical clines for Europeans described by Cavalli-Sforza and colleagues7. Taken together, our results establish that anatomically modern humans were already
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica, 2002
PLoS ONE, 2014
Background: Noroviruses (NoVs) are genetically diverse, with genogroup II-and within it-genotype ... more Background: Noroviruses (NoVs) are genetically diverse, with genogroup II-and within it-genotype 4 (GII.4) being the most prevalent cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize genogroup II NoV causing acute gastroenteritis in the Basque Country (northern Spain) from 2009-2012.