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Papers by Emilio Rodríguez

Impacts of Global Climate Change, 2005

Petroleum refining requires relatively large volumes of water and consequently produces four type... more Petroleum refining requires relatively large volumes of water and consequently produces four types of wastewater: cooling water, process water (Oil with Water or Water with Oil), sanitary sewage water and Stormwater. Surface runoff water is intermittent and contains spills on the surface from equipment leaks and materials that may have been collected in drains. Runoff surface water also includes water coming from the crude process units and products in storage tank or tanks farms. Stormwater is the portion of rainfall that originates as runoff water, which does not evaporate or percolate into the ground. Stormwater volumes are a function of rainfall and runoff area. Both factors are highly variable or site-specific. Wastewaters are treated in onsite wastewater treatment facilities and then discharged to POTWs or to surface waters under NPDES permits. Stormwater is the major source of wastewater, but it is the stream that requires less treatment. The Best Management Practices (BMPs) includes a variety of treatment processes; however acceptable solutions are highly dependent upon the properties of the wastewaters and the volume. A common practice is the segregation of the relatively clean rainwater runoff from the process streams to reduce the quantity of oily sludges generated. For the purposes of water handling, Stormwater is divided into three categories: uncontaminated, potentially contaminated and contaminated. This categorization is based on the type of area from which the Stormwater is generated. The best way to control the volume of contaminated Stormwater is to reduce and isolate contaminated areas. The BMPs includes methods for preventing the contamination of Stormwater; API Publication 4602 presents additional details. In general, the tank farms are big areas in a typical Oil refining facility. For this reason, these are surfaces with high potential of generating significant wastewater quantities from rainfall water. Typically, this area generates wastewater compounds of rainwater and oily water coming from the crude and product storage tank. In tanks farm, it is a common practice to drain the rainwater from contained areas, with a piping drainage system and valves placed through the dikes or walls. These control valves are usually closed and have the capacity to segregate the wastewater if it is contaminated. The Hamaca Crude Upgrader project in Venezuela with an investment of $ 1.5 Billion has the novel experience with the introduction of sedimenter-filter in the tank farm's control drainage system. These sedimenter-filters have the capacity of improve the quality of the Stormwater in the early phase. A refinery wastewater stream may contain oil in three forms: oil globules, emulsified oil and dissolved oil, and additional sediments and suspended-solids. The oil globules, sediments and the suspended-solids can be removed by the sedimenter-filter. These filters are small concrete structures with a sedimentation chamber and filters with grating and geotextile layers. Primary wastewater treatment consists of installing an API separator or impounding located downstream of the wastewater drainage systems. The accumulation of sediments reduces the efficiency of the API separator and requires a longer cleaning period (plant shut down). If the API separator is also used for Stormwater, the sediment will typically contain larger amounts of sand, dirt or solids that may also contain hydrocarbons and small amounts of heavy metals. Purpose of this paper is to show that the sedimenter-filter upstream of wastewater drainage systems reduces significantly maintenance requirements of the drains net and API separator or impounding, improves the quality of the Stormwater in the early phase (reducing TSS and sediments) fulfilling environment laws and prevents contaminants downstream in the drainage system. Additionally, this paper proposes the sedimenter-filter like a new action inside the BMP for tanks farm. The Best management practice (BMPs) has a window of opportunities, to innovate and to implement new actions. The scope of this proposal is for refinery and/or Petroleum terminals.

Memoria ID-197. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovacion docente, curso 2018-2019.

Calidad en la Educación, 2018

Esta investigación describe la relación entre la racionalidad y el diseño de las decisiones estra... more Esta investigación describe la relación entre la racionalidad y el diseño de las decisiones estratégicas, e intenta determinar en qué medida la flexibilidad y el conflicto cognitivos pueden afectar el grado de racionalidad del proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas. Para este efecto, se trabaja con una muestra de 71 universidades de Chile y España. Los resultados de la investigación prueban que el diseño de las decisiones estratégicas es explicado en un 72,5% (p < 0.01) por el grado de racionalidad con el cual se adoptan dichas decisiones. La racionalidad puede ser explicada en un 79,0% (p < 0.01) por el grado de flexibilidad y conflicto cognitivos del proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas. Por consiguiente, para tener éxito en el diseño de estas decisiones en las instituciones universitarias se requieren altos grados de flexibilidad y conflicto cognitivos en el proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas.

Comunicaciones del XVII Simposio sobre Enseñanza de la Geología, 2012, ISBN 978-84-15633-09-9, págs. 295-309, 2012

Articulos resultantantes de los Trabajos de Fin de Master, Master universitario en Sistemas Intel... more Articulos resultantantes de los Trabajos de Fin de Master, Master universitario en Sistemas Inteligentes de la Universidad de Salamanca, curso 2012-2013

Esta obra nos presenta a la Justicia Restaurativa desde la configuracion del derecho penal y los ... more Esta obra nos presenta a la Justicia Restaurativa desde la configuracion del derecho penal y los procesos de la misma en el orden penitenciario, en las comunidades escolares, en la igualdad de genero. Realzando asi mismo la habiliades del facilitador que habra de llevarla a cabo, como parte integral de un nuevo paradigma en la formacion de recursos humnos que atiendan la inminente necesidad de este tipo de ejercicio y en las redes primarias de apoyo, como elemento restaurativo para las mujeres victimas de violencia domestica, donde ha crecido la respuesta de la sociedad para abatir este sector de la violencia

Impacts of Global Climate Change, 2005

Petroleum refining requires relatively large volumes of water and consequently produces four type... more Petroleum refining requires relatively large volumes of water and consequently produces four types of wastewater: cooling water, process water (Oil with Water or Water with Oil), sanitary sewage water and Stormwater. Surface runoff water is intermittent and contains spills on the surface from equipment leaks and materials that may have been collected in drains. Runoff surface water also includes water coming from the crude process units and products in storage tank or tanks farms. Stormwater is the portion of rainfall that originates as runoff water, which does not evaporate or percolate into the ground. Stormwater volumes are a function of rainfall and runoff area. Both factors are highly variable or site-specific. Wastewaters are treated in onsite wastewater treatment facilities and then discharged to POTWs or to surface waters under NPDES permits. Stormwater is the major source of wastewater, but it is the stream that requires less treatment. The Best Management Practices (BMPs) includes a variety of treatment processes; however acceptable solutions are highly dependent upon the properties of the wastewaters and the volume. A common practice is the segregation of the relatively clean rainwater runoff from the process streams to reduce the quantity of oily sludges generated. For the purposes of water handling, Stormwater is divided into three categories: uncontaminated, potentially contaminated and contaminated. This categorization is based on the type of area from which the Stormwater is generated. The best way to control the volume of contaminated Stormwater is to reduce and isolate contaminated areas. The BMPs includes methods for preventing the contamination of Stormwater; API Publication 4602 presents additional details. In general, the tank farms are big areas in a typical Oil refining facility. For this reason, these are surfaces with high potential of generating significant wastewater quantities from rainfall water. Typically, this area generates wastewater compounds of rainwater and oily water coming from the crude and product storage tank. In tanks farm, it is a common practice to drain the rainwater from contained areas, with a piping drainage system and valves placed through the dikes or walls. These control valves are usually closed and have the capacity to segregate the wastewater if it is contaminated. The Hamaca Crude Upgrader project in Venezuela with an investment of $ 1.5 Billion has the novel experience with the introduction of sedimenter-filter in the tank farm's control drainage system. These sedimenter-filters have the capacity of improve the quality of the Stormwater in the early phase. A refinery wastewater stream may contain oil in three forms: oil globules, emulsified oil and dissolved oil, and additional sediments and suspended-solids. The oil globules, sediments and the suspended-solids can be removed by the sedimenter-filter. These filters are small concrete structures with a sedimentation chamber and filters with grating and geotextile layers. Primary wastewater treatment consists of installing an API separator or impounding located downstream of the wastewater drainage systems. The accumulation of sediments reduces the efficiency of the API separator and requires a longer cleaning period (plant shut down). If the API separator is also used for Stormwater, the sediment will typically contain larger amounts of sand, dirt or solids that may also contain hydrocarbons and small amounts of heavy metals. Purpose of this paper is to show that the sedimenter-filter upstream of wastewater drainage systems reduces significantly maintenance requirements of the drains net and API separator or impounding, improves the quality of the Stormwater in the early phase (reducing TSS and sediments) fulfilling environment laws and prevents contaminants downstream in the drainage system. Additionally, this paper proposes the sedimenter-filter like a new action inside the BMP for tanks farm. The Best management practice (BMPs) has a window of opportunities, to innovate and to implement new actions. The scope of this proposal is for refinery and/or Petroleum terminals.

Memoria ID-197. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovacion docente, curso 2018-2019.

Calidad en la Educación, 2018

Esta investigación describe la relación entre la racionalidad y el diseño de las decisiones estra... more Esta investigación describe la relación entre la racionalidad y el diseño de las decisiones estratégicas, e intenta determinar en qué medida la flexibilidad y el conflicto cognitivos pueden afectar el grado de racionalidad del proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas. Para este efecto, se trabaja con una muestra de 71 universidades de Chile y España. Los resultados de la investigación prueban que el diseño de las decisiones estratégicas es explicado en un 72,5% (p < 0.01) por el grado de racionalidad con el cual se adoptan dichas decisiones. La racionalidad puede ser explicada en un 79,0% (p < 0.01) por el grado de flexibilidad y conflicto cognitivos del proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas. Por consiguiente, para tener éxito en el diseño de estas decisiones en las instituciones universitarias se requieren altos grados de flexibilidad y conflicto cognitivos en el proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas.

Comunicaciones del XVII Simposio sobre Enseñanza de la Geología, 2012, ISBN 978-84-15633-09-9, págs. 295-309, 2012

Articulos resultantantes de los Trabajos de Fin de Master, Master universitario en Sistemas Intel... more Articulos resultantantes de los Trabajos de Fin de Master, Master universitario en Sistemas Inteligentes de la Universidad de Salamanca, curso 2012-2013

Esta obra nos presenta a la Justicia Restaurativa desde la configuracion del derecho penal y los ... more Esta obra nos presenta a la Justicia Restaurativa desde la configuracion del derecho penal y los procesos de la misma en el orden penitenciario, en las comunidades escolares, en la igualdad de genero. Realzando asi mismo la habiliades del facilitador que habra de llevarla a cabo, como parte integral de un nuevo paradigma en la formacion de recursos humnos que atiendan la inminente necesidad de este tipo de ejercicio y en las redes primarias de apoyo, como elemento restaurativo para las mujeres victimas de violencia domestica, donde ha crecido la respuesta de la sociedad para abatir este sector de la violencia