Emmanuel Ugochukwu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Emmanuel Ugochukwu

Se determinó la eficacia comparativa de diferentes regímenes quimioterapéuticos en el tratamiento... more Se determinó la eficacia comparativa de diferentes regímenes quimioterapéuticos en el tratamiento de la infección clínica natural con la Peste de los pequeños rumiantes (PPR) en cabras enanas de África occidental (WAD). Se usaron veinte cabras WAD machos, distribuidos en cinco grupos, de cuatro cabras cada uno. El Grupo 1 fue el grupo de terapia combinada, tratado con Aciclovir, Oxitetraciclina e Ivermectina, El Grupo 2 fue tratado con Aciclovir solamente. El Grupo 3 fue tratado con Ivermectina solamente. El Grupo 4 fue tratado con Oxitetraciclina solamente y el Grupo 5 no recibió tratamiento. Se observaron signos clínicos como secreciones nasales y oculares, emaciación, anorexia, pirexia, lesiones orales ulcerativas, dificultad respiratoria y diarrea en estas cabras durante su periodo de aclimatación. La lesión post-mórtem más notable que se observó fueron las manchas descontinuas de congestión (como las rayas de la cebra) en la mucosa del colon y del recto. Los parámetros fisiológ...

November-2020, 2020

Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, extremely contagious transbound... more Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, extremely contagious transboundary viral disease of small ruminants with severe economic consequences, caused by PPR virus. Cost-effective and rapid diagnosis of the disease is essential for prompt management and control. This study aimed to compare the application of a commercial colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cLAMP) kit and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the diagnosis of PPR in sheep and goats in Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Nasal swab samples were collected from West African Dwarf sheep and goats showing clinical signs suggestive of PPR (n=80) and those without any clinical signs (n=140) of the disease. The diagnosis was achieved through detection of PPR viral genome in the samples using a cLAMP kit and RT-PCR. cLAMP assay was done directly on nasal swab samples without ribosomal nucleic acid extraction. A set of six primers targeting the matrix gene p...

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, trans-boundary viral disease of sheep an... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, trans-boundary viral disease of sheep and goats that have hindered successful small ruminant farming. Its current status in South East Nigeria with respect to its prevalence and farmers’ awareness was studied. Three states, Anambra, Ebonyi, and Enugu, were randomly selected for the study. Sera samples from 113 goats and 172 sheep (collected from December 2017 to June 2018) were randomly collected and analysed for the presence of PPRV antibodies, while structured interview schedules were conducted to elicit information on farmers’ awareness of the disease and PPR vaccination and use of veterinary services. An overall seroprevalence of 42.5% (121/285) was recorded. The seroprevalence in decreasing order was 62.2% (Enugu), 34.8% (Anambra) and 20.3% (Ebonyi). There was a significant association (X2 = 36.08, df = 2, p = 0.0001) between seroprevalence and the state sampled. Lack of awareness of PPR vaccination among small ruminant farmers, their limited use of veterinary services (38% consult veterinarians) and non-availability of the vaccine at veterinary establishments in the sampled states are potential risk factors of PPR prevalence in South East Nigeria. Consequently, an effective control measure like mass vaccination is recommended for the study area. Also, there is a need for an extension program for stakeholders and farmers in the study area and country on the grave importance and economic benefits of PPR vaccination and the use of veterinary services.

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019

Peste des petits ruminants poses a major threat to the development of small ruminant production. ... more Peste des petits ruminants poses a major threat to the development of small ruminant production. The objective of this study was to determine the comparative efficacy of amantadine hydrochloride (HCl), oxytetracycline long acting (LA) and levamisole in West African dwarf (WAD) goats experimentally infected with PPR. In addition to the presence of the characteristic clinical signs, complement ELISA and haem agglutination inhibition (HI) tests were used to confirm PPR infection in the West African dwarf goats, then treatment was instituted in the different groups namely, group 1 which was treated with amantadine HCl orally, oxytetracycline LA intramuscularly (IM) and levamisole per os. Group 2 was treated with oxytetracycline LA IM and levamisole. Group 3 was treated with levamisole while group 4 served as untreated control. The physiological parameters namely rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rates of the different groups were recorded. The mortality rates in the differe...

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a serious zoonotic disease. It is characterized by se... more Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a serious zoonotic disease. It is characterized by severe infection of the lower respiratory pathway in humans. Dromedary camels are considered to be the likeliest source of the very pathogenic aetiologic agent, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although, the first case of MERS-CoV was initially identified in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in September 2012, most of the reported cases have been detected in Arabian Peninsula but worthy of note is that travel-associated MERS cases have been reported around the world especially in Europe, Asia, Africa and North-America. This virus is very endemic in camel populations of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula but worryingly, the zoonotic transmission of MERS-CoV are now well reported. It is diagnosed in camels using IgG immunofluorescence assay, protein microarray and virus neutralisation assay Diagnosis in humans is based on chest radiographs and computed tomographic scan...

Bio-Research, 2019

This study ascertained the aerobic bacteria associated with cases of clinical and subclinical cap... more This study ascertained the aerobic bacteria associated with cases of clinical and subclinical caprine mastitis. A total of 58 lactating West African dwarf does were used for this investigation. These lactating does had signs of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis. These samples were collected from Nsukka town, Nsukka abattoir, Orba Market, Obukpa Market and Obolllo-Afor market, all in Enugu State, Nigeria. Clinical mastitis was detected by gross signs of udder infection by physical examination of abnormal milk, whereas subclinical mastitis was recognized using California Mastitis test. This study showed that 39 (67.24%) of 58 goats were positive for mastitis on California Mastitis Test. Clinical and subclinical cases of caprine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen 32 (55.17%). 14 (24.13%) of the isolates were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 (10.34%) for Streptoococcus agalactiae, 4 (6.89%) E.coli and 2 (3.44%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae. This work identified the bacterial species linked with caprine mastitis in Nsukka area of Enugu State.

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease of economic and veterinary importance leading to co... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease of economic and veterinary importance leading to considerable economic losses. PPR affects small domestic and wild ruminants. Sheep and goats are the natural hosts of PPR but cattle, pigs, African buffaloes and camels are also affected by the PPR virus. Clinical signs seen are mainly fever, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, cough, dyspnoea, gastroenteritis leading to severe diarrhoea. The post mortem lesions seen are congested lungs, congestion of gastrointestinal tract, especially the discontinuous streaks of congestion, which is referred to as Zebra stripes or Zebra markings, oedematous and congested retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, linear haemorrhages in the intestinal mucosa and splenomegaly. PPR infection is characterized by a rise in packed cell volume (PCV), increase in haemoglobin concentration (HbC), leukopenia with lymphopenia. The serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransf...

Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences, 2016

Trypanosomosis is a widespread and important disease of animals and humans in tsetse-infested are... more Trypanosomosis is a widespread and important disease of animals and humans in tsetse-infested areas of Africa, Nigeria inclusive. To investigate the comparative effects of graded doses of Diaminazine aceturate (DA) and fixed doses of Levamisole in the treatment of albino mice experimentally infected with field isolates of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Thirty adult mice were used and were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 mice each. After infection has been established, 3 groups (A, B and C) were treated with graded doses of DA at 7, 14 and 21mg/kg body weight respectively and a fixed dose of Levamisole at 7.5mg/kg body weight, whereas group D was treated with Levamisole only at the same dose. Group E served as positive (infected untreated) control while group F served a negative (uninfected untreated) control. The following parameters were used to access the efficacy of the drugs: weekly rectal temperature, weight changes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, clinical sign...

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2018

Due to the recent multidisciplinary collaborations towards 'One Health', it was necessary to revi... more Due to the recent multidisciplinary collaborations towards 'One Health', it was necessary to review this important zoonotic disease, erysipelas. Swine erysipelas also referred to as diamond skin disease has since become one of the most serious hazards of swine production worldwide. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the aetiology of erysipelas could affect pigs, turkeys, sheep, chickens, ducks, and emus. The most important animal reservoir of E. rhusiopathiae is the domestic swine. The organism is shed by diseased animals in faeces, urine, saliva, and nasal secretions, which can contaminate food, water, and soil. Swine erysipelas is made up of the hyperacute form, the septicaemia, and cutaneous (diamond) forms (acute), and the chronic form, characterised in pigs by joint lesions (arthritis), vegetative endocarditis, alopecia, and dermatitis. These signs are accompanied by poor fertility, increased prevalence of abortions, stillbirths, and small litter size. Reports of human cases are related to occupational exposure placing fishermen, butchers, slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians, housewives, poultry industry workers, and other agricultural based workers at higher risk. Diagnosis of erysipelas is based on clinical signs, gross lesions, response to antimicrobial therapy, and demonstration of the bacterium using bacterial culturing, mouse protection test, microscopy and mass spectrometry or demonstration of bacterial DNA in tissues from affected animals using PCR assays, immunohistochemical methods, and other serological methods. Swine erysipelas as an opportunistic zoonotic disease is on the increase hence, a synergistic effort should be garnered towards reducing the negative influence of this disease, through enhanced awareness of this disease amongst farmers, butchers, housewives, veterinarians, and drug researchers.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2017

To evaluate the haematological parameters and assess the comparatively mild, moderate and severe ... more To evaluate the haematological parameters and assess the comparatively mild, moderate and severe effects of trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis on local dog breeds. Methods: Diagnosis of trypanosomiasis was based on clinical signs and presence of Trypanosoma congolense in wet mount of infected animals. Diagnosis of ancylostomiasis was based on clinical signs and presence of Ancylostoma caninum eggs in fecal samples. Fecal samples were examined using modified McMaster technique. Haematological parameters assessed were packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HbC), total leucocyte counts and differential leucocyte counts. Results: The severity of anaemia produced was graded into mild, moderate and severe. The infected dogs with mild trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis had slightly elevated temperatures. Other symptoms observed included dullness, depression, muscular weakness and pale mucous membranes. The infected dogs with mild ancylostomiasis also showed anorexia. The mean PCV and HbC values for mild infections with T. congolense and A. caninum were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of normal dogs. The mean total WBC counts for both mild trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis were within the normal range when compared with the values for normal dogs. In all the cases of trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis, the total differential counts of monocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the normal values. There were obvious clinical signs such as pyrexia, anaemia, enlarged lymph nodes, subcutaneous oedema and occasional ophthalmitis for most of the dogs with severe trypanosomiasis. The mean PCV and HbC values of severe trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis were significantly lower than the normal values and also lower than all other cases of the disease condition. Anaemia was associated with both disease conditions but more severe in acute cases of trypanosomiasis. Conclusions: This study shows that dogs in this area are at risk of trypanosome infection all the year round, although the incidence of infection is the highest during the rainy season. Understanding on the causes of the changes in the composition of the blood in mixed infections of trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis is necessary.

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

A 60-year-old male presented to OPD with itchy skin-coloured papules on the dorsum of hands, feet... more A 60-year-old male presented to OPD with itchy skin-coloured papules on the dorsum of hands, feet, elbows and lower half of legs followed by painful nodular eruption on the back of the scalp for the last 3 months. Patient gave history of weight loss and lumps on either side of neck and right groin. Rest of the systemic enquiry was unremarkable except that he was a chronic smoker.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2016

All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to experimental protoc... more All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to experimental protocol and approved by University of Nigeria, Nsukka Senate Committee on Medical and Research Ethics. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2016

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

Trypanosomosis is a disease of both domestic animals and man. Trypanosomosis continues to be a me... more Trypanosomosis is a disease of both domestic animals and man. Trypanosomosis continues to be a menace in the livestock industry in Nigeria despite the agelong attempt to control the disease. The comparative effects of graded doses of diaminazine aceturate (DA) and fixed doses of iron dextran and vitamin B complex were experimentally investigated in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected albino mice. A total of 40 albino mice were used and were randomly divided into eight groups of five mice each. All the mice in all the groups except group H were infected with T. brucei brucei, but group H served as the negative control. Groups A and B were treated with graded doses of DA at 3.5 and 7 mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively, groups C, D, E and F were treated as follows: 3.5 mg/kg bw DA and 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran, 7.0 mg/kg bw DA plus 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran, 3.5 mg/kg bw DA, 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran and 1 ml/ 10 kg bw vitamin B complex and 7.0 mg/kg bw DA, 1 ml/ 10 kg bw iron dextran and 1 ml/10 kg bw vitamin B complex, respectively. Group G served as the infected untreated control. Parameters used to assess the effect of the drugs include rectal temperature, body weight changes, packed cell volumes, haemoglobin concentration, daily parasitaemia, clinical signs and survivability. By day 5 PI, all the infected mice had become parasitaemic but following treatment on day 7 PI, the parasites cleared from the blood of the mice in group B and D within 42 hours, groups A, C, E and F before 96 h. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the mean body weight, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration and an increase in rectal temperature following infection but these were reversed by the various treatments. Iron dextran and vitamin B complex were combined with DA, there were improvement in their values, suggesting that combining trypanosomosis therapy with iron dextran and vitamin B complex will help in restoring the physiology of the animal.

International journal of zoonoses, 1985

Over a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was mounted to determ... more Over a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was mounted to determine common ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants in selected farms in Nsukka, Nigeria. The species identified in goats included Ctenocephalides canis, Boophilius decolouratus and Amblyomma variegatum lides while those recovered from parasitized sheep were Ctenocephalides canis and Damalinia ovis. Out of a total of 148 sheep and goats examined for ectoparasites, 68 (45.95%) were infested. A further breakdown of this figure shows that 10 (18.52%) out of a total number of 54 sheep screened were infested, while 58 (61.70%) of the goats (94) examined were infested. Identification of these ectoparasites was by anatomical and morphological characteristics. Result of the investigation indicated that there was variation in the degree of ectoparasitic infestation from one animal to another. Epizootiological factors associated with ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants were highlighte...

Microbios, 1988

An investigation was undertaken to determine Enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of West African... more An investigation was undertaken to determine Enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of West African dwarf goats suffering from diarrhoea in the Nsukka area of Anambra State, Nigeria. In one academic year a total of 37 enteric bacteria were successfully recovered aseptically from 35 faecal swabs from caprine species. The predominant enterobacteria pathogens isolated from diarrhoeic goats and their relative percentage frequency of isolation were: 27 Escherichia (73%), 7 Proteus (19%) and 3 Shigella (8%). Of the total isolates 73% were Escherichia coli, 13% were Proteus morgani, 3% Proteus mirabilis, 3% Proteus vulgaris and 8% Shigella sonnei. Further work is required to elucidate the precise aetiologic role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of caprine diarrhoea in West African dwarf goats.

Phytochemistry, 1979

Phytochemistry, 1979, Vol. 18, pp. 16211624. Ccf) Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in England. 0031942... more Phytochemistry, 1979, Vol. 18, pp. 16211624. Ccf) Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in England. 00319422 7910011621 X02.00 0 EFFECT OF STORAGE UNDER NITROGEN ON ETHANOL, LACTATE, MALATE AND THEIR DEHYDROGENASES IN YAM TUBERS ...

Phytochemistry, 1973

ABSTRACT

Phytochemistry, 1973

ABSTRACT

Se determinó la eficacia comparativa de diferentes regímenes quimioterapéuticos en el tratamiento... more Se determinó la eficacia comparativa de diferentes regímenes quimioterapéuticos en el tratamiento de la infección clínica natural con la Peste de los pequeños rumiantes (PPR) en cabras enanas de África occidental (WAD). Se usaron veinte cabras WAD machos, distribuidos en cinco grupos, de cuatro cabras cada uno. El Grupo 1 fue el grupo de terapia combinada, tratado con Aciclovir, Oxitetraciclina e Ivermectina, El Grupo 2 fue tratado con Aciclovir solamente. El Grupo 3 fue tratado con Ivermectina solamente. El Grupo 4 fue tratado con Oxitetraciclina solamente y el Grupo 5 no recibió tratamiento. Se observaron signos clínicos como secreciones nasales y oculares, emaciación, anorexia, pirexia, lesiones orales ulcerativas, dificultad respiratoria y diarrea en estas cabras durante su periodo de aclimatación. La lesión post-mórtem más notable que se observó fueron las manchas descontinuas de congestión (como las rayas de la cebra) en la mucosa del colon y del recto. Los parámetros fisiológ...

November-2020, 2020

Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, extremely contagious transbound... more Background and Aim: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, extremely contagious transboundary viral disease of small ruminants with severe economic consequences, caused by PPR virus. Cost-effective and rapid diagnosis of the disease is essential for prompt management and control. This study aimed to compare the application of a commercial colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cLAMP) kit and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the diagnosis of PPR in sheep and goats in Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Nasal swab samples were collected from West African Dwarf sheep and goats showing clinical signs suggestive of PPR (n=80) and those without any clinical signs (n=140) of the disease. The diagnosis was achieved through detection of PPR viral genome in the samples using a cLAMP kit and RT-PCR. cLAMP assay was done directly on nasal swab samples without ribosomal nucleic acid extraction. A set of six primers targeting the matrix gene p...

Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2020

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, trans-boundary viral disease of sheep an... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious, trans-boundary viral disease of sheep and goats that have hindered successful small ruminant farming. Its current status in South East Nigeria with respect to its prevalence and farmers’ awareness was studied. Three states, Anambra, Ebonyi, and Enugu, were randomly selected for the study. Sera samples from 113 goats and 172 sheep (collected from December 2017 to June 2018) were randomly collected and analysed for the presence of PPRV antibodies, while structured interview schedules were conducted to elicit information on farmers’ awareness of the disease and PPR vaccination and use of veterinary services. An overall seroprevalence of 42.5% (121/285) was recorded. The seroprevalence in decreasing order was 62.2% (Enugu), 34.8% (Anambra) and 20.3% (Ebonyi). There was a significant association (X2 = 36.08, df = 2, p = 0.0001) between seroprevalence and the state sampled. Lack of awareness of PPR vaccination among small ruminant farmers, their limited use of veterinary services (38% consult veterinarians) and non-availability of the vaccine at veterinary establishments in the sampled states are potential risk factors of PPR prevalence in South East Nigeria. Consequently, an effective control measure like mass vaccination is recommended for the study area. Also, there is a need for an extension program for stakeholders and farmers in the study area and country on the grave importance and economic benefits of PPR vaccination and the use of veterinary services.

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019

Peste des petits ruminants poses a major threat to the development of small ruminant production. ... more Peste des petits ruminants poses a major threat to the development of small ruminant production. The objective of this study was to determine the comparative efficacy of amantadine hydrochloride (HCl), oxytetracycline long acting (LA) and levamisole in West African dwarf (WAD) goats experimentally infected with PPR. In addition to the presence of the characteristic clinical signs, complement ELISA and haem agglutination inhibition (HI) tests were used to confirm PPR infection in the West African dwarf goats, then treatment was instituted in the different groups namely, group 1 which was treated with amantadine HCl orally, oxytetracycline LA intramuscularly (IM) and levamisole per os. Group 2 was treated with oxytetracycline LA IM and levamisole. Group 3 was treated with levamisole while group 4 served as untreated control. The physiological parameters namely rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiratory rates of the different groups were recorded. The mortality rates in the differe...

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a serious zoonotic disease. It is characterized by se... more Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a serious zoonotic disease. It is characterized by severe infection of the lower respiratory pathway in humans. Dromedary camels are considered to be the likeliest source of the very pathogenic aetiologic agent, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Although, the first case of MERS-CoV was initially identified in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in September 2012, most of the reported cases have been detected in Arabian Peninsula but worthy of note is that travel-associated MERS cases have been reported around the world especially in Europe, Asia, Africa and North-America. This virus is very endemic in camel populations of East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula but worryingly, the zoonotic transmission of MERS-CoV are now well reported. It is diagnosed in camels using IgG immunofluorescence assay, protein microarray and virus neutralisation assay Diagnosis in humans is based on chest radiographs and computed tomographic scan...

Bio-Research, 2019

This study ascertained the aerobic bacteria associated with cases of clinical and subclinical cap... more This study ascertained the aerobic bacteria associated with cases of clinical and subclinical caprine mastitis. A total of 58 lactating West African dwarf does were used for this investigation. These lactating does had signs of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis. These samples were collected from Nsukka town, Nsukka abattoir, Orba Market, Obukpa Market and Obolllo-Afor market, all in Enugu State, Nigeria. Clinical mastitis was detected by gross signs of udder infection by physical examination of abnormal milk, whereas subclinical mastitis was recognized using California Mastitis test. This study showed that 39 (67.24%) of 58 goats were positive for mastitis on California Mastitis Test. Clinical and subclinical cases of caprine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen 32 (55.17%). 14 (24.13%) of the isolates were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 (10.34%) for Streptoococcus agalactiae, 4 (6.89%) E.coli and 2 (3.44%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae. This work identified the bacterial species linked with caprine mastitis in Nsukka area of Enugu State.

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2019

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease of economic and veterinary importance leading to co... more Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a disease of economic and veterinary importance leading to considerable economic losses. PPR affects small domestic and wild ruminants. Sheep and goats are the natural hosts of PPR but cattle, pigs, African buffaloes and camels are also affected by the PPR virus. Clinical signs seen are mainly fever, mucopurulent nasal and ocular discharges, cough, dyspnoea, gastroenteritis leading to severe diarrhoea. The post mortem lesions seen are congested lungs, congestion of gastrointestinal tract, especially the discontinuous streaks of congestion, which is referred to as Zebra stripes or Zebra markings, oedematous and congested retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, linear haemorrhages in the intestinal mucosa and splenomegaly. PPR infection is characterized by a rise in packed cell volume (PCV), increase in haemoglobin concentration (HbC), leukopenia with lymphopenia. The serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransf...

Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences, 2016

Trypanosomosis is a widespread and important disease of animals and humans in tsetse-infested are... more Trypanosomosis is a widespread and important disease of animals and humans in tsetse-infested areas of Africa, Nigeria inclusive. To investigate the comparative effects of graded doses of Diaminazine aceturate (DA) and fixed doses of Levamisole in the treatment of albino mice experimentally infected with field isolates of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Thirty adult mice were used and were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 mice each. After infection has been established, 3 groups (A, B and C) were treated with graded doses of DA at 7, 14 and 21mg/kg body weight respectively and a fixed dose of Levamisole at 7.5mg/kg body weight, whereas group D was treated with Levamisole only at the same dose. Group E served as positive (infected untreated) control while group F served a negative (uninfected untreated) control. The following parameters were used to access the efficacy of the drugs: weekly rectal temperature, weight changes, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, clinical sign...

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2018

Due to the recent multidisciplinary collaborations towards 'One Health', it was necessary to revi... more Due to the recent multidisciplinary collaborations towards 'One Health', it was necessary to review this important zoonotic disease, erysipelas. Swine erysipelas also referred to as diamond skin disease has since become one of the most serious hazards of swine production worldwide. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, the aetiology of erysipelas could affect pigs, turkeys, sheep, chickens, ducks, and emus. The most important animal reservoir of E. rhusiopathiae is the domestic swine. The organism is shed by diseased animals in faeces, urine, saliva, and nasal secretions, which can contaminate food, water, and soil. Swine erysipelas is made up of the hyperacute form, the septicaemia, and cutaneous (diamond) forms (acute), and the chronic form, characterised in pigs by joint lesions (arthritis), vegetative endocarditis, alopecia, and dermatitis. These signs are accompanied by poor fertility, increased prevalence of abortions, stillbirths, and small litter size. Reports of human cases are related to occupational exposure placing fishermen, butchers, slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians, housewives, poultry industry workers, and other agricultural based workers at higher risk. Diagnosis of erysipelas is based on clinical signs, gross lesions, response to antimicrobial therapy, and demonstration of the bacterium using bacterial culturing, mouse protection test, microscopy and mass spectrometry or demonstration of bacterial DNA in tissues from affected animals using PCR assays, immunohistochemical methods, and other serological methods. Swine erysipelas as an opportunistic zoonotic disease is on the increase hence, a synergistic effort should be garnered towards reducing the negative influence of this disease, through enhanced awareness of this disease amongst farmers, butchers, housewives, veterinarians, and drug researchers.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2017

To evaluate the haematological parameters and assess the comparatively mild, moderate and severe ... more To evaluate the haematological parameters and assess the comparatively mild, moderate and severe effects of trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis on local dog breeds. Methods: Diagnosis of trypanosomiasis was based on clinical signs and presence of Trypanosoma congolense in wet mount of infected animals. Diagnosis of ancylostomiasis was based on clinical signs and presence of Ancylostoma caninum eggs in fecal samples. Fecal samples were examined using modified McMaster technique. Haematological parameters assessed were packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HbC), total leucocyte counts and differential leucocyte counts. Results: The severity of anaemia produced was graded into mild, moderate and severe. The infected dogs with mild trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis had slightly elevated temperatures. Other symptoms observed included dullness, depression, muscular weakness and pale mucous membranes. The infected dogs with mild ancylostomiasis also showed anorexia. The mean PCV and HbC values for mild infections with T. congolense and A. caninum were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of normal dogs. The mean total WBC counts for both mild trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis were within the normal range when compared with the values for normal dogs. In all the cases of trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis, the total differential counts of monocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the normal values. There were obvious clinical signs such as pyrexia, anaemia, enlarged lymph nodes, subcutaneous oedema and occasional ophthalmitis for most of the dogs with severe trypanosomiasis. The mean PCV and HbC values of severe trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis were significantly lower than the normal values and also lower than all other cases of the disease condition. Anaemia was associated with both disease conditions but more severe in acute cases of trypanosomiasis. Conclusions: This study shows that dogs in this area are at risk of trypanosome infection all the year round, although the incidence of infection is the highest during the rainy season. Understanding on the causes of the changes in the composition of the blood in mixed infections of trypanosomiasis and ancylostomiasis is necessary.

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

A 60-year-old male presented to OPD with itchy skin-coloured papules on the dorsum of hands, feet... more A 60-year-old male presented to OPD with itchy skin-coloured papules on the dorsum of hands, feet, elbows and lower half of legs followed by painful nodular eruption on the back of the scalp for the last 3 months. Patient gave history of weight loss and lumps on either side of neck and right groin. Rest of the systemic enquiry was unremarkable except that he was a chronic smoker.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2016

All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to experimental protoc... more All experimental procedures involving animals were conducted in accordance to experimental protocol and approved by University of Nigeria, Nsukka Senate Committee on Medical and Research Ethics. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2016

Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2016

Trypanosomosis is a disease of both domestic animals and man. Trypanosomosis continues to be a me... more Trypanosomosis is a disease of both domestic animals and man. Trypanosomosis continues to be a menace in the livestock industry in Nigeria despite the agelong attempt to control the disease. The comparative effects of graded doses of diaminazine aceturate (DA) and fixed doses of iron dextran and vitamin B complex were experimentally investigated in the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei brucei-infected albino mice. A total of 40 albino mice were used and were randomly divided into eight groups of five mice each. All the mice in all the groups except group H were infected with T. brucei brucei, but group H served as the negative control. Groups A and B were treated with graded doses of DA at 3.5 and 7 mg/kg body weight (bw), respectively, groups C, D, E and F were treated as follows: 3.5 mg/kg bw DA and 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran, 7.0 mg/kg bw DA plus 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran, 3.5 mg/kg bw DA, 1 ml/10 kg bw iron dextran and 1 ml/ 10 kg bw vitamin B complex and 7.0 mg/kg bw DA, 1 ml/ 10 kg bw iron dextran and 1 ml/10 kg bw vitamin B complex, respectively. Group G served as the infected untreated control. Parameters used to assess the effect of the drugs include rectal temperature, body weight changes, packed cell volumes, haemoglobin concentration, daily parasitaemia, clinical signs and survivability. By day 5 PI, all the infected mice had become parasitaemic but following treatment on day 7 PI, the parasites cleared from the blood of the mice in group B and D within 42 hours, groups A, C, E and F before 96 h. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the mean body weight, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration and an increase in rectal temperature following infection but these were reversed by the various treatments. Iron dextran and vitamin B complex were combined with DA, there were improvement in their values, suggesting that combining trypanosomosis therapy with iron dextran and vitamin B complex will help in restoring the physiology of the animal.

International journal of zoonoses, 1985

Over a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was mounted to determ... more Over a period of one year (January 1983 to December 1983), an investigation was mounted to determine common ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants in selected farms in Nsukka, Nigeria. The species identified in goats included Ctenocephalides canis, Boophilius decolouratus and Amblyomma variegatum lides while those recovered from parasitized sheep were Ctenocephalides canis and Damalinia ovis. Out of a total of 148 sheep and goats examined for ectoparasites, 68 (45.95%) were infested. A further breakdown of this figure shows that 10 (18.52%) out of a total number of 54 sheep screened were infested, while 58 (61.70%) of the goats (94) examined were infested. Identification of these ectoparasites was by anatomical and morphological characteristics. Result of the investigation indicated that there was variation in the degree of ectoparasitic infestation from one animal to another. Epizootiological factors associated with ectoparasitic infestation of small ruminants were highlighte...

Microbios, 1988

An investigation was undertaken to determine Enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of West African... more An investigation was undertaken to determine Enterobacteriaceae from faecal swabs of West African dwarf goats suffering from diarrhoea in the Nsukka area of Anambra State, Nigeria. In one academic year a total of 37 enteric bacteria were successfully recovered aseptically from 35 faecal swabs from caprine species. The predominant enterobacteria pathogens isolated from diarrhoeic goats and their relative percentage frequency of isolation were: 27 Escherichia (73%), 7 Proteus (19%) and 3 Shigella (8%). Of the total isolates 73% were Escherichia coli, 13% were Proteus morgani, 3% Proteus mirabilis, 3% Proteus vulgaris and 8% Shigella sonnei. Further work is required to elucidate the precise aetiologic role of these organisms in the pathogenesis of caprine diarrhoea in West African dwarf goats.

Phytochemistry, 1979

Phytochemistry, 1979, Vol. 18, pp. 16211624. Ccf) Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in England. 0031942... more Phytochemistry, 1979, Vol. 18, pp. 16211624. Ccf) Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in England. 00319422 7910011621 X02.00 0 EFFECT OF STORAGE UNDER NITROGEN ON ETHANOL, LACTATE, MALATE AND THEIR DEHYDROGENASES IN YAM TUBERS ...

Phytochemistry, 1973

ABSTRACT

Phytochemistry, 1973

ABSTRACT