A. Emond - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by A. Emond

Final Oral/Poster Number, 2019

differences in obesity levels between YP living in the poorest areas of the country and the riche... more differences in obesity levels between YP living in the poorest areas of the country and the richest.. YP in the UK have a higher burden of disease from long term conditions such as diabetes than some of their peers in other countries.. The UK is in the middle of the pack compared to other countries on some indicators for YP, including cancer mortality, smoking, alcohol consumption and cannabis use. Trends in health-related behaviours such as smoking, and alcohol consumption have been falling internationally in recent years, reflected in the UK statistics.. The UK has some of the lowest rates of road traffic injury deaths, which have also been steadily improving over time.. Overall, the UK performs in the top third of countries on mortality rates for 10-to 19-year-olds. Recently, however, progress has stalled and for YP aged 20-24 got worse between 2013 and 2016. Conclusions Although there are some positive findings, the UK's performance on many indicators for this age-group are lagging behind that of similar high-income countries. An increased policy focus is required on this age-group if these worrying trends are to be reversed.

Public Health, 2018

Highlights • Acculturation orientation is predictive of the mental health of migrant youths. • Re... more Highlights • Acculturation orientation is predictive of the mental health of migrant youths. • Resilience functions as a mediator in the association between acculturation and youths' mental health. • The country context of migration is influential for the resilience and mental health of migrant youths.

Metabolic Bone Disease and Related Research, 1980

Renal damage from tumor-induced hypercalcemia must be distinguished from renal damage produced di... more Renal damage from tumor-induced hypercalcemia must be distinguished from renal damage produced directly by the tumor, and more rarely from hypercalcemia accompanying acute renal failure. Calcium salt deposition occurs in arterioles, glomeruli and their capsules, tubular cells and lumena. The accompanylng changes include a low glomerular filtration rate, resistance to antidlurefic hormone, hypophosphatemla and metabolic alkalosis. Appropriate treatment Includes rehydration, natrluresis, and administration of oral phosphate, calcltonins, steroids, diphosphonates, ndthramycin and if possible tumor ablation or removal. The optimal therapy depends on several factors Including the severity of the renal failure, the effects of the agents used and the mechanisms of hypercalcemla. The correction of hypophosphatemia enhances the action of endogenous or exogenous calcitonln.

The Lancet, 2015

Background School exclusion is a disciplinary method used to remove a child from the school envir... more Background School exclusion is a disciplinary method used to remove a child from the school environment. It is known to aff ect certain groups disproportionately, including boys, some ethnic minorities, children in care, children in poverty, and children with special educational needs. Population-based studies on wider characteristics of excluded pupils are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with school exclusion in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), focussing on neurodevelopment and mental health.

BMJ open, Jan 25, 2015

To assess the current health of the Deaf community in the UK and compare with the general populat... more To assess the current health of the Deaf community in the UK and compare with the general population. A quota sample of adult Deaf British Sign Language (BSL) users underwent a health assessment and interview in 2012-2013. Comparative data were obtained from the Health Survey for England (HSE) 2011 and the Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) 2012. Participants completed a structured interview and health assessment at seven Bupa centres across the UK, supported in BSL by Deaf advisers and interpreters. 298 Deaf people, 20-82 years old, 47% male, with 12% from ethnic minorities. Self-reported health conditions, medication usage, tobacco and alcohol consumption; measured blood pressure (BP), body mass index, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. Rates of obesity in the Deaf sample were high, especially in those over 65 years, and 48% were in a high risk group for serious illness. High BP readings were obtained in 37% of Deaf people (21% in HSE): 29% were unaware of this (6% in HSE). Only...

Public Health Nutrition, 2013

ObjectiveConcern has recently been expressed about Pb levels in Pb-shot game meat. Our aim was to... more ObjectiveConcern has recently been expressed about Pb levels in Pb-shot game meat. Our aim was to determine the consumption of game birds in a representative sample population in the UK, and in children and women of childbearing age in particular.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional cohort study. Data from 4 d diet diaries from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS; 2008–2010) were extracted to analyse data on game bird consumption in the sample population, in women of childbearing age (15–45 years old) and in children ≤6 years old.SettingHome-based study in representative areas of the UK.SubjectsParticipants in the NDNS (2008–2010; n 2126, age 1·5 to >65 years).ResultsFifty-eight participants (2·7 %) reported eating game birds. The mean intake was 19·5 (sd 18·1) g/d (median 15·6, range 1·3–92·9 g/d). In women of childbearing age (15–45 years), 11/383 (2·9 %) reported eating game birds, with a mean intake of 22·4 (sd 25·8) g/d (median 15·6, range 2·0–92·9 g/d). In chi...

PLoS ONE, 2013

Objective: To investigate if the lack of gestational age correction may explain some of the schoo... more Objective: To investigate if the lack of gestational age correction may explain some of the school failure seen in ex-preterm infants. Design: A cohort study based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The primary outcome was a low Key Stage 1 score (KS1) score at age 7 or having special educational needs (SEN). Exposure groups were defined as preterm (,37 weeks gestation, n = 722) or term (37-42 weeks, n = 11,268). Conditional regression models were derived, matching preterm to term infants on date of birth (DOB), expected date of delivery (EDD) or expected date of delivery and year of school entry. Multiple imputation was used to account for missing covariate data. Results: When matching for DOB, infants born preterm had an increased odds of a low KS1 score (OR 1.73 (1.45-2.06)) and this association persisted after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 1.57 (1.25-1.97)). The association persisted in the analysis matching for EDD (fully adjusted OR 1.53 (1.21-1.94)) but attenuated substantially after additionally restricting to those infants who entered school at the same time as the control infants (fully adjusted OR 1.25 (0.98-1.60)). A compatible reduction in the population attributable risk fraction was seen from 4.60% to 2.12%, and year of school entry appeared to modify the association between gestational age and the risk of a poor KS1 score (p = 0.029). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the school year placement and assessment of ex-preterm infants based on their actual birthday (rather than their EDD) may increase their risk of learning difficulties with corresponding school failure.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2008

Child: Care, Health and Development, 2013

Aims: The aim of the current study was to gain an understanding of the experiences and aspiration... more Aims: The aim of the current study was to gain an understanding of the experiences and aspirations of young people living with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in their own words. Methods: Eleven young people aged 11 to 16 years with a prior diagnosis of DCD were identified from child health records of two participating NHS trusts. The sample included seven boys and four girls, from different socioeconomic backgrounds living in different parts of one large urban area in England. In depth one-to-one semi-structured interviews and subsequent small group interviews discussions were carried out with the young people. Interviews were enhanced using participatory arts-based techniques. All interviews were recorded verbatim and transcribed. Narrative data were analyzed using Lindseth's interpretive phenomenology. Results: The central theme of 'We're all different' described how the young person saw themselves and encompassed the formation of identity. Subthemes illustrated the attitude of the young people to their day to day lives, their difficulties and strategies used by the young people to overcome these difficulties in school and at home. The attitude of the school to difference, the presence of bullying, the accepting nature of the class, teachers and peers were vitally important. Areas of life that encouraged a positive sense of identity and worth included being part of a social network that gave the young people a sense of belonging, potentially one that valued differences as well as similarities. Conclusion: The current work highlights the need for services to adopt an empowered model of DCD where the young person talks about what they can do and considers strategies of overcoming their difficulties. This has implications for education and future intervention strategies that focus on fostering psychological resilience and educational coping strategies rather than simply attempting to improving motor skills.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2014

Aim of the study was to investigate whether children aged 7–9 year old with severe motor difficul... more Aim of the study was to investigate whether children aged 7–9 year old with severe motor difficulties had a greater risk of additional difficulties in activities in daily living (ADL), academic skills, attention and social skills than children with moderate motor difficulties. Methods Children (N=6959) from a population based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were divided into three groups based on their scores on the ALSPAC Coordination Test at age 7: control children (scores above 15th centile; N=5719 (82.1%)), children with moderate (between 5th and 15th centile; N=951 (13.7%)) and children with severe motor difficulties (below 5th centile N=289 (4.2%)). Children with neurological disorders or an IQ < 70 were excluded. Logistic Regression was used to compare children with moderate and severe motor coordination difficulties with each other and with control children regarding their risk of coexisting difficulties (defined as significant (<10th centile) difficulties with Activities of Daily Living (ADL); academic skills (reading, spelling and handwriting); attention; social skills (social cognition and nonverbal skills)). Results Children with severe motor difficulties demonstrated a higher risk of difficulties in ADL, handwriting, attention, reading, and social cognition than children with moderate motor difficulties, who in turn had a higher risk of difficulties than control children across domains (Figure 1). The prevalence of problems in three or more functional areas was 28% in the group with severe motor difficulties, 11% in the group with moderate motor difficulties, and 6% in the control group. Abstract G132 Figure 1 Percentage of children with scores <10th centile on measures of different functional skills presented for the groups with typical motor development, moderate motor difficulties (MDD) and severe motor difficulties (SMD). Which cut off should we choose? Is severity of motor coordination difficulties related to co-morbidity in children at risk for DCD? See Figure 1 Percentage these groups having 0, 1–2, and 3 score in the clinical range (<10th centile). Conclusions Children with severe motor difficulties have greatest number of difficulties across developmental domains. However, children with moderate motor difficulties also often have additional functional problems which would be missed if the 5th centile was adopted as cut-off criterion for referral. The benefit compared to the cost of expanding referral criteria needs to be considered.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2009

To investigate the heterogeneity of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) in children and young peopl... more To investigate the heterogeneity of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) in children and young people. Regional specialist CFS/ME service Patients Children and young people aged &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;19 years old. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on symptoms present at assessment in 333 children and young people with CFS/ME. Linear and logistic regression analysis of data from self-completed assessment forms was used to explore the associations between the retained factors and sex, age, length of illness, depression, anxiety and markers of severity (fatigue, physical function, pain and school attendance). Three phenotypes were identified using factor analysis: muscoloskeletal (factor 1) had loadings on muscle and joint pain and hypersensitivity to touch, and was associated with worse fatigue (regression coefficient 0.47, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.68, p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001), physical function (regression coefficient -0.52, 95% CI -0.83 to -0.22, p=0.001) and pain. Factor 2 (migraine) loaded on noise and light hypersensitivity, headaches, nausea, abdominal pain and dizziness and was most strongly associated with physical function and pain. Sore throat phenotype (factor 3) had loadings on sore throat and tender lymph nodes and was not associated with fatigue or pain. There was no evidence that phenotypes were associated with age, length of illness or symptoms of depression (regression coefficient for association of depression with musculoskeletal pain -0.02, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.23, p=0.87). The migraine phenotype was associated with anxiety (0.40, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.74, p=0.02). CFS/ME is heterogeneous in children with three phenotypes at presentation that are differentially associated with severity and are unlikely to be due to age or length of illness.

Health & Place, 2008

Accident occurrence and measures of physical activity, total development and conduct difficulties... more Accident occurrence and measures of physical activity, total development and conduct difficulties were recorded for 9391 preschool children recruited to the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study in southwest England. Information about their mothers' age at delivery, post-natal depression, life events, social support and smoking status was also included. Multilevel modelling was used to identify variations between alternative sets of subjective and automated zone design neighbourhoods, which incorporated different boundaries and different scales. The risk of accidents to preschool children, and most of the characteristics of children and mothers associated with accident risk, varied significantly between neighbourhoods. Differences in the strength of area effects between alternative sets of neighbourhoods were small, although slightly stronger effects were observed in areas with populations less than 4000. Neighbourhoods subjectively defined by planners did not produce stronger effects than computer-generated areas.

BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PUBLIC HEALTH

Archives of Disease in Childhood

Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2013

Aim of the study was to investigate whether 7-9 year old children with severe motor difficulties ... more Aim of the study was to investigate whether 7-9 year old children with severe motor difficulties are more at risk of additional difficulties in activities in daily living, academic skills, attention and social skills than children with moderate motor difficulties. Children (N=6959) from a population based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were divided into three groups based on their scores on the ALSPAC Coordination Test at age 7: control children (scores above 15th centile; N=5719 [82.1%]); children with moderate (between 5th and 15th centile; N=951 [13.7%]); and children with severe motor difficulties (below 5th centile N=289 [4.2%]). Children with neurological disorders or an IQ&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;70 were excluded. Logistic regression was used to compare children with moderate and severe motor coordination difficulties with each other and with control children regarding their risk of co-morbidity defined as significant (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;10th centile) difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL); academic skills (reading, spelling and handwriting); attention; social skills (social cognition and nonverbal skills). Children with severe motor difficulties demonstrated a higher risk of difficulties in ADL, handwriting, attention, reading, and social cognition than children with moderate motor difficulties, who in turn had a higher risk of difficulties than control children in five out of seven domains. Screening and intervention of co-morbid problems is recommended for children with both moderate and severe motor difficulties.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2006

To assess the contribution of postnatal factors to failure to thrive in infancy. Methods: 11 900 ... more To assess the contribution of postnatal factors to failure to thrive in infancy. Methods: 11 900 infants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), born at 37-41 weeks' gestation, without major malformations and with a complete set of weight measurements in infancy (83% of the original ALSPAC birth cohort) were studied. Conditional weight gain was calculated for the periods from birth to 8 weeks and 8 weeks to 9 months. Cases of growth faltering were defined as those infants with a conditional weight gain below the 5th centile. Results: Analysis yielded 528 cases of growth faltering from birth to 8 weeks and 495 cases from 8 weeks to 9 months. In multivariable analysis, maternal factors predicting poor infant growth were height ,160 cm and age .32 years. Growth faltering between birth and 8 weeks was associated with infant sucking problems regardless of the type of milk, and with infant illness. After 8 weeks of age, the most important postnatal influences on growth were the efficiency of feeding, the ability to successfully take solids and the duration of breast feeding. Conclusions: The most important postnatal factors associated with growth faltering are the type and efficiency of feeding: no associations were found with social class or parental education. In the first 8 weeks of life, weak sucking is the most important symptom for both breastfed and bottle-fed babies. After 8 weeks, the duration of breast feeding, the quantity of milk taken and difficulties in weaning are the most important influences.

Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2008

Anaphylaxis as an adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) is a rare occurrence. We report fou... more Anaphylaxis as an adverse event following immunisation (AEFI) is a rare occurrence. We report four cases of anaphylaxis following administration of single component measles or rubella vaccine between January 2003 and June 2007. We estimate that the incidence of anaphylaxis to measles and rubella single component vaccines is 18.9 and 22.4 cases/100,000 doses, respectively. These figures are likely to be an underestimate but are higher than expected. Our calculations were hampered by lack of immunisation reporting data from the private sector. We recommend that NHS standards of vaccine data reporting are also applied to private clinics.