Emran Khan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Emran Khan

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

Complete and clean combustion is always desirable for better performance of engine and less emiss... more Complete and clean combustion is always desirable for better performance of engine and less emissions. An experimental work is carried in constant volume combustion chamber for getting conditions like diesel engine combustion to study the ignition delay characteristics of diesel engine combustion by varying combustion chamber air pressure. In this experimental work, air pressure of combustion chamber varied from 10 to 25 bar, hot surface temperature inside the combustion chamber varied from 350°C to 550°C and fuel injection pressures varied from 100 to 200 bar for hollow cone spray and solid cone spray . For this work a set-up is made in which the flame detection is done by digital storage oscilloscope using an optical method. The findings of the work suggests that combustion chamber air pressure and injection pressure are significantly varies the values of ignition delay at a particular hot surface temperature. It is also find that on increasing the values of combustion chamber air...

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2020

In this communication, an analytical expressions of water temperature, condensing cover temperatu... more In this communication, an analytical expressions of water temperature, condensing cover temperature, yield and electrical power of self-sustained photovoltaic thermal-active solar distillation system has been derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. Effect of inclination of single slope and conical shape of condensing cover on an overall thermal and exergy of the proposed system have also been studied. On the basis of numerical computation, the following conclusions have been drawn: (i) The yield is optimum with conical shape of condensing cover with inclination of 60° at water depth of 0.01 m and mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s; (ii) The yield decreases with the increase in water depth at larger mass flow rate >0.01 kg/s as per our expectation and vice-versa for lower mass flow rate.

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 2013

Energy consumption in the built environment has become a significant issue on a global scale. Esc... more Energy consumption in the built environment has become a significant issue on a global scale. Escalating energy costs and environmental concerns have made energy use optimization a viable option for buildings. With more number of commercial office buildings coming up, requiring large amount of energy in Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning system amounting to nearly 30% - 40%, there is an urgent need to mitigate this ever increasing energy crisis. The goal of energy modeling of HVAC is to accurately predict the energy use to test the energy performance of HVAC system with regards to an established standard and reduce the energy consumption in order to find the resulting energy savings. This paper deals with reducing energy consumption by optimizing the variable speed motor run air cooled Direct Expansion Air Conditioner by modeling and simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. in a commercial building for Indian climatic condition. The simulation results indicate that variable-speed fan...

Abstract— Trombe wall is one of the unique features in passive solar house development, which fac... more Abstract— Trombe wall is one of the unique features in passive solar house development, which facilitates heat storage. A mathematical model of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal Trombe wall (SPVT-TW) with air ducts (or vents) has been derived in this paper, for a single room of 30 m 2 dimension, for winter season of New Delhi, India. The model is derived considering the energy balance equations taking into account the periodic nature of solar radiation and ambient temperature. Further, the effect of several parameters namely, thickness of wall, mass flow rate, packing factor, absorptivity and transmittivity of PV module on room air temperature and thermal stability have been examined. The performance of vented SPVTTW has been compared with SPVT-TW without vent. The results illustrate that the thickness of the room should be 0.3 m, with a corresponding thermal load leveling of 0.0038, for vented SPVT-TW, from a thermal stability point of view. Also, the room air temperature of 45 ...

Biodiesel is recently gaining importance as a substitute for petroleum based diesel mainly due to... more Biodiesel is recently gaining importance as a substitute for petroleum based diesel mainly due to environmental considerations and depletion of vital resources like petroleum and coal. According to Indian petro fuel consumption scenario, the demand for petroleum diesel is increasing day by day hence there is a need to find out an appropriate solution may be biodiesel but the cost of biodiesel produced from vegetable oil through transesterification is higher than fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost. To minimize the biodiesel cost, in recent days, in most cases, NaOH is used as alkaline catalyst, because of its low cost and higher reaction rate. In this review the important process variables for esterification such as concentration of acid catalyst, alcohol/oil ratio, reaction time, temperature, and % of excess alcohol are optimized. The results are also verified with Ganetic Algoritham (GA) method and Taguchi method. Also summarized the research works in optimization of C....

Climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) into the atmosp... more Climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere, has been recognized as one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Share of energy consumption in India and China has also been on the raise due to sharp urbanization, population explosion, and intensive growth of IT and related business. Buildings are the dominant energy consumers in modern cities account upto 40% energy consumption. Their consumption can be largely cut back through improving efficiency, which is an effective means to lessen greenhouse gas emissions and slow down depletion of nonrenewable energy resources. There is over 50% saving potential in the building sector and thus it is considered as a potential sector to meet the challenges of global energy and climate change. Along with introduction of energy efficiency measures, more effective means are needed to induce or compel greater efforts, especially to the signatories to the Kyoto Protocol. This technical p...

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2022

In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy ... more In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy of self-sustained solar still integrated with series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collectors have been derived. The analysis is based on the basic energy balance equation of the proposed active solar distillation system. Based on numerical computations, it has been observed that the yield is maximum for all self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors are connected in series (case (i)). Furthermore, the daily yield and exergy increase with the increase of water depth unlike passive solar still for all collectors connected in series. However, overall exergy decreases with an increase of water depth for all collectors connected in parallel (case (iv)). For numerical simulations, the total numbers of self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors has been considered as constant. Furthermore, an effect of series and parallel combination of PVT-CPC collec...

Renewable Energy, 2021

ABSTRACT An experimental investigation was conducted upon a novel multiple arc dimple roughened s... more ABSTRACT An experimental investigation was conducted upon a novel multiple arc dimple roughened solar air heater at Sheodeni Ram Ayodhya Prasad College, Bara Chakia, East Champaran, Bihar-845412 under the department of energy sciences This investigation was focused at determining the effect of roughness parameters heat transfer (Nur) and friction (fr) characteristics along with correlation development for Nusselt number and friction factor. The results obtained for roughened duct were compared with non roughened duct on the same condition of flows to examine the improvement of solar air heater heat gain. Nusselt number increased with an increase in Reynolds number whereas friction decreased. Nusselt number and friction factor for roughened duct over smooth duct with varying relative roughness pitch (p/e), relative roughness height (e/Dh), relative roughness width (W/w) and relative arc angle (α/60) were 3.19-5.56, 2.87-5.61, 3.29-5.16 and 2.74-5.18 times for Nur and 1.14-1.62, 1.36-2.27, 1.88 to 2.15 and 1.01-2.16 times for fr respectively. The maximum friction was seen as W/w varied from 4 to 5. On the contrary, Nu decreased in that range. Correlating Nusselt number and friction factor in terms of different parameters were used to derive correlation in terms of p/e, W/w, α/60, e/Dh and flow Reynolds number.

WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy, 2020

The aim of present paper is to study the performance of diesel engine utilizing algae oil methyl ... more The aim of present paper is to study the performance of diesel engine utilizing algae oil methyl ester (AOME) as green fuel and to investigate the chance of using AOME blend with diesel widely instead of diesel. This review incorporates the investigation of AOME from various strains of algae in different kinds of diesel engine. The majority of the examinations consent to the reduction in exhaust emission and the increase in Engine efficiency while utilizing AOME in CI engine. Numerous scientists revealed increment in NOx. As a conclusion, it has been found that algae oil is barely investigated and till date few of past papers contain opposing outcomes or non-very much contemplated practices as this overview illustrates.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019

The main objective of the present study is to develop a solar thermal hybrid variable refrigerant... more The main objective of the present study is to develop a solar thermal hybrid variable refrigerant flow (VRF) airconditioning system and predict energy saving in this system compared to normal VRF airconditioning system. In R410a based VRF system compressor works partially to increase pressure and temperature up to 27 bar, 55°C from compressor suction pressure and temperature 27 bar, 55°C. Further increase in temperature and pressure from approximate 55°C, 27 bar (Solar heat exchanger inlet) to 80°C, 34.39 bar (Solar heat exchanger outlet) is achieved with the help of evacuated tube type solar collector-based heat exchanger. The calculation of energy saving in solar thermal hybrid VRF system has been compared with fully electric-fired VRF system. The energy saving of approximate 45-50% can be achieved in solar thermal hybrid VRF system as compared to normal VRF system.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019

In this study, bioethanol was produced from Eichhornia crassipes (EC) plant and tested in diesel ... more In this study, bioethanol was produced from Eichhornia crassipes (EC) plant and tested in diesel engine in order to understand the potential of this fuel. The blending of Eichhornia Crassipes bioethanol with diesel is done with the help of ultrasonic machine. For acquiring data, Kirloskar made single cylinder diesel engine of 3.5 kW rating was employed for experimentation. Bioethanol obtained from EC plant was blended in various proportions with petro-diesel and biodiesel. The properties of bioethanol produced from EC plant was measured based on ASTM standards. The experimental results revealed that 10% blend (90% petro-diesel and 10% bioethanol) was a clear stand out in terms of engine parameters such as enhanced brake power and appreciable brake thermal efficiency. Also the emission levels such as CO and unburned HC was comparatively lesser than other blends except for NOx which eventually depends on the engine construction.

i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 2011

Polythene bags have become an article of common usage in daily life. Huge accumulation of plastic... more Polythene bags have become an article of common usage in daily life. Huge accumulation of plastic waste cause severe threat to humans, animals and our environment. Recently microbes have become the focus of interest for environment friendly disposal of plastic waste. In present study 18 different types of fungal species were isolated from soil and two fungal species were screened by using polythene powder. The fungal identification was carried out by genomic DNA isolation followed by PCR and ITS rRNA sequencing. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis gave a similarity with the database of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus of 99%. The microbial degradation of LDPE was analyzed by SEM and FTIR analysis. SEM results show disruption of surface texture of LDPE film as compared to control. FTIR analysis gives a close view of CH stretching, CH 2 deformation, CH 2 bending etc. Degradation experiment was done in synthetic media for 4 months and in soil for 9 months. Percentage of weight loss of LDPE film after degradation was 30.6% and 11.4% by A. flavus and A. terreus respectively in soil after 9 months. In synthetic medium percent weight loss of polythene was 14.3% and 13.1% by A. flavus and A. terreus respectively after 4 months. There are scanty reports of fungal biodegradation in soil under natural conditions. 30.6% biodegradation in 9 months period with A. flavus, a species isolated from dumping sites, give hope of degradation of such LDPE's under environmental conditions without providing any supplement or prior treatment.

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2016

This paper presents the biodiesel production processes using low frequency ultrasonic energy (24 ... more This paper presents the biodiesel production processes using low frequency ultrasonic energy (24 kHz) and conventional mechanical stirrer method. For this purpose, three different non-edible oils namely kusum, yellow oleander and bitter groundnut oil were used as the biodiesel feedstock. The experiments have been performed for molar ratio (alcohol/oil) 6:1 and 4.5:1, with three different catalyst percentages (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of potassium hydroxide. Further an experimental investigation has been carried out on a diesel engine with diesel and biodiesel blends [B10, B20, and B30]. The most significant conclusions are: 1) biodiesel production through ultrasound energy appears to be efficient and time saving; 2) BTE of engine slightly increases when operating on lower blends of biodiesel (up to B10) than that operating on neat diesel. It may be concluded from the experimental investigations that up to 30% of biodiesel blends can be used as a fuel in engine without modification.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016

ABSTRACT In the present research work, Nerium oleander oil has been used as raw material for prod... more ABSTRACT In the present research work, Nerium oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using both ultrasonic transesterification and a magnetic stirrer method. A two-step transesterification process was carried out for optimum condition of 0.40% V/V methanol to oil ratio, 1% V/V H2SO4 catalyst, 55°C temperature, and 60 min reaction time followed by treatment with 0.2% V/V methanol to oil ratio, 1% V/W KOH alkaline catalyst, 55°C temperature, and 60 min reaction time. The process is repeated with an ultrasonic method at the frequency of 28 kHz using ultrasonic horn type reactor (50 W) for about 10–15 min. Biodiesel obtained from ultrasonic method and magnetic stirrer was then compared for their percentage yield and physiochemical properties. Ultrasonic transesterification process gave a maximum yield of 97% by weight of oleander biodiesel along with improved physiochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is concluded that ultrasonic method is the most effective method for converting crude oleander oil into biodiesel.

Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 2017

This research was undertaken to estimate the energy potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) disp... more This research was undertaken to estimate the energy potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed over the past 15 years in an unsecured landfill located in Okhla, Delhi, India. The research collected a total of 98 samples from various depths and locations, which were analyzed for physico-chemical characterization. Multiple regression models for estimating the energy content of the disposed MSW were developed to predict average gross calorific value (GCV) and net calorific value (NCV). Forward entry regression was applied to identify the variables that contributed significantly to the regression. Thus, 4-parametric models and 2-parametric models were developed for predicting both average GCV and NCV of the disposed MSW. The developed models gave a reasonably good prediction of the energy content of MSW. Both the models gave low values of average absolute relative error and high values of correlation coefficient. It was found that the 2-parametric models exhibited nearly the same...

International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, 2015

In this study, the production, performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends produ... more In this study, the production, performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends produced from bitter ground nut oil were compared to the diesel fuel. In first part of research, the production of biodiesel from bitter groundnut oil and optimisation of process parameters were undertaken. In second part, performance of 4-cylinder Tata Indica diesel engine has been studied at different engine speeds. During engine performance tests, the biodiesel blends showed higher brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature, while marginally lower brake power, torque and brake thermal efficiency than the diesel fuel were noticed. Engine emissions showed higher carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide releases, but decreased amount of carbon monoxide for biodiesel blends compared to the diesel fuel. From the experimental results, it is clear that the bitter groundnut oil-based biodiesel can also be used in a CI engine without any modifications.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016

Oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using ultrasonic irradiation m... more Oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using ultrasonic irradiation method at the frequency of 20 kHz and horn type reactor 50 watt. A two-step transesterification process was carried out for optimum condition of 0.45 v/v methanol to oil ratio, 1.2% v/v H 2 SO 4 catalyst, 45 o C reaction temperature and 15 min reaction time, followed by treatment with 0.25 v/v methanol to oil ratio, 0.75% w/v KOH alkaline catalyst, 50 o C reaction temperature and 15 min reaction time. The fuel properties of Oleander biodiesel so obtained confirmed the requirements of both the standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for biodiesel. Further Oleander biodiesel-diesel blends were tested to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics. The performance and emission of 20% Oleander biodiesel blend (B20) gave a satisfactory result in diesel engines as the brake thermal efficiency increased 2.06% and CO and UHC emissions decreased 41.4% and 32.3% respectively, compared to mineral diesel. Comparative investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of Oleander biodiesel blends and mineral diesel showed that oleander seed is a potential source of biodiesel and blends up to 20% can be used for realizing better performance from an unmodified diesel engine.

Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2017

The present study deals with development of a hybrid reactor for biodiesel production based on th... more The present study deals with development of a hybrid reactor for biodiesel production based on the combined hydrodynamic cavitation and mechanical stirring processes. Biodiesel were produced using Kaner Seed Oil (KSO). The experimental results show that hybrid reactor produces 95% biodiesel yield within 45 min for 0.75% of catalyst and 6:1 M ratio which is significantly higher as compared to mechanical stirring or hydrodynamic cavitation alone. Thus biodiesel production process in hybrid reactor is cheap (high yield), efficient (time saving) and environmentally friendly (lower% of catalyst). Performance study on engine shows that an increase in compression ratios (from 16 to 18) improves the engine performance using biodiesel blends as compared to petroleum diesel.

International Journal of Ambient Energy

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

Complete and clean combustion is always desirable for better performance of engine and less emiss... more Complete and clean combustion is always desirable for better performance of engine and less emissions. An experimental work is carried in constant volume combustion chamber for getting conditions like diesel engine combustion to study the ignition delay characteristics of diesel engine combustion by varying combustion chamber air pressure. In this experimental work, air pressure of combustion chamber varied from 10 to 25 bar, hot surface temperature inside the combustion chamber varied from 350°C to 550°C and fuel injection pressures varied from 100 to 200 bar for hollow cone spray and solid cone spray . For this work a set-up is made in which the flame detection is done by digital storage oscilloscope using an optical method. The findings of the work suggests that combustion chamber air pressure and injection pressure are significantly varies the values of ignition delay at a particular hot surface temperature. It is also find that on increasing the values of combustion chamber air...

DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2020

In this communication, an analytical expressions of water temperature, condensing cover temperatu... more In this communication, an analytical expressions of water temperature, condensing cover temperature, yield and electrical power of self-sustained photovoltaic thermal-active solar distillation system has been derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. Effect of inclination of single slope and conical shape of condensing cover on an overall thermal and exergy of the proposed system have also been studied. On the basis of numerical computation, the following conclusions have been drawn: (i) The yield is optimum with conical shape of condensing cover with inclination of 60° at water depth of 0.01 m and mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s; (ii) The yield decreases with the increase in water depth at larger mass flow rate >0.01 kg/s as per our expectation and vice-versa for lower mass flow rate.

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 2013

Energy consumption in the built environment has become a significant issue on a global scale. Esc... more Energy consumption in the built environment has become a significant issue on a global scale. Escalating energy costs and environmental concerns have made energy use optimization a viable option for buildings. With more number of commercial office buildings coming up, requiring large amount of energy in Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning system amounting to nearly 30% - 40%, there is an urgent need to mitigate this ever increasing energy crisis. The goal of energy modeling of HVAC is to accurately predict the energy use to test the energy performance of HVAC system with regards to an established standard and reduce the energy consumption in order to find the resulting energy savings. This paper deals with reducing energy consumption by optimizing the variable speed motor run air cooled Direct Expansion Air Conditioner by modeling and simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. in a commercial building for Indian climatic condition. The simulation results indicate that variable-speed fan...

Abstract— Trombe wall is one of the unique features in passive solar house development, which fac... more Abstract— Trombe wall is one of the unique features in passive solar house development, which facilitates heat storage. A mathematical model of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal Trombe wall (SPVT-TW) with air ducts (or vents) has been derived in this paper, for a single room of 30 m 2 dimension, for winter season of New Delhi, India. The model is derived considering the energy balance equations taking into account the periodic nature of solar radiation and ambient temperature. Further, the effect of several parameters namely, thickness of wall, mass flow rate, packing factor, absorptivity and transmittivity of PV module on room air temperature and thermal stability have been examined. The performance of vented SPVTTW has been compared with SPVT-TW without vent. The results illustrate that the thickness of the room should be 0.3 m, with a corresponding thermal load leveling of 0.0038, for vented SPVT-TW, from a thermal stability point of view. Also, the room air temperature of 45 ...

Biodiesel is recently gaining importance as a substitute for petroleum based diesel mainly due to... more Biodiesel is recently gaining importance as a substitute for petroleum based diesel mainly due to environmental considerations and depletion of vital resources like petroleum and coal. According to Indian petro fuel consumption scenario, the demand for petroleum diesel is increasing day by day hence there is a need to find out an appropriate solution may be biodiesel but the cost of biodiesel produced from vegetable oil through transesterification is higher than fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost. To minimize the biodiesel cost, in recent days, in most cases, NaOH is used as alkaline catalyst, because of its low cost and higher reaction rate. In this review the important process variables for esterification such as concentration of acid catalyst, alcohol/oil ratio, reaction time, temperature, and % of excess alcohol are optimized. The results are also verified with Ganetic Algoritham (GA) method and Taguchi method. Also summarized the research works in optimization of C....

Climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) into the atmosp... more Climate change, caused by the release of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere, has been recognized as one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Share of energy consumption in India and China has also been on the raise due to sharp urbanization, population explosion, and intensive growth of IT and related business. Buildings are the dominant energy consumers in modern cities account upto 40% energy consumption. Their consumption can be largely cut back through improving efficiency, which is an effective means to lessen greenhouse gas emissions and slow down depletion of nonrenewable energy resources. There is over 50% saving potential in the building sector and thus it is considered as a potential sector to meet the challenges of global energy and climate change. Along with introduction of energy efficiency measures, more effective means are needed to induce or compel greater efforts, especially to the signatories to the Kyoto Protocol. This technical p...

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2022

In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy ... more In this article, an analytical expression for hourly yield, electrical energy and overall exergy of self-sustained solar still integrated with series and parallel combination of photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collectors have been derived. The analysis is based on the basic energy balance equation of the proposed active solar distillation system. Based on numerical computations, it has been observed that the yield is maximum for all self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors are connected in series (case (i)). Furthermore, the daily yield and exergy increase with the increase of water depth unlike passive solar still for all collectors connected in series. However, overall exergy decreases with an increase of water depth for all collectors connected in parallel (case (iv)). For numerical simulations, the total numbers of self-sustained PVT-CPC collectors has been considered as constant. Furthermore, an effect of series and parallel combination of PVT-CPC collec...

Renewable Energy, 2021

ABSTRACT An experimental investigation was conducted upon a novel multiple arc dimple roughened s... more ABSTRACT An experimental investigation was conducted upon a novel multiple arc dimple roughened solar air heater at Sheodeni Ram Ayodhya Prasad College, Bara Chakia, East Champaran, Bihar-845412 under the department of energy sciences This investigation was focused at determining the effect of roughness parameters heat transfer (Nur) and friction (fr) characteristics along with correlation development for Nusselt number and friction factor. The results obtained for roughened duct were compared with non roughened duct on the same condition of flows to examine the improvement of solar air heater heat gain. Nusselt number increased with an increase in Reynolds number whereas friction decreased. Nusselt number and friction factor for roughened duct over smooth duct with varying relative roughness pitch (p/e), relative roughness height (e/Dh), relative roughness width (W/w) and relative arc angle (α/60) were 3.19-5.56, 2.87-5.61, 3.29-5.16 and 2.74-5.18 times for Nur and 1.14-1.62, 1.36-2.27, 1.88 to 2.15 and 1.01-2.16 times for fr respectively. The maximum friction was seen as W/w varied from 4 to 5. On the contrary, Nu decreased in that range. Correlating Nusselt number and friction factor in terms of different parameters were used to derive correlation in terms of p/e, W/w, α/60, e/Dh and flow Reynolds number.

WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy, 2020

The aim of present paper is to study the performance of diesel engine utilizing algae oil methyl ... more The aim of present paper is to study the performance of diesel engine utilizing algae oil methyl ester (AOME) as green fuel and to investigate the chance of using AOME blend with diesel widely instead of diesel. This review incorporates the investigation of AOME from various strains of algae in different kinds of diesel engine. The majority of the examinations consent to the reduction in exhaust emission and the increase in Engine efficiency while utilizing AOME in CI engine. Numerous scientists revealed increment in NOx. As a conclusion, it has been found that algae oil is barely investigated and till date few of past papers contain opposing outcomes or non-very much contemplated practices as this overview illustrates.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019

The main objective of the present study is to develop a solar thermal hybrid variable refrigerant... more The main objective of the present study is to develop a solar thermal hybrid variable refrigerant flow (VRF) airconditioning system and predict energy saving in this system compared to normal VRF airconditioning system. In R410a based VRF system compressor works partially to increase pressure and temperature up to 27 bar, 55°C from compressor suction pressure and temperature 27 bar, 55°C. Further increase in temperature and pressure from approximate 55°C, 27 bar (Solar heat exchanger inlet) to 80°C, 34.39 bar (Solar heat exchanger outlet) is achieved with the help of evacuated tube type solar collector-based heat exchanger. The calculation of energy saving in solar thermal hybrid VRF system has been compared with fully electric-fired VRF system. The energy saving of approximate 45-50% can be achieved in solar thermal hybrid VRF system as compared to normal VRF system.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019

In this study, bioethanol was produced from Eichhornia crassipes (EC) plant and tested in diesel ... more In this study, bioethanol was produced from Eichhornia crassipes (EC) plant and tested in diesel engine in order to understand the potential of this fuel. The blending of Eichhornia Crassipes bioethanol with diesel is done with the help of ultrasonic machine. For acquiring data, Kirloskar made single cylinder diesel engine of 3.5 kW rating was employed for experimentation. Bioethanol obtained from EC plant was blended in various proportions with petro-diesel and biodiesel. The properties of bioethanol produced from EC plant was measured based on ASTM standards. The experimental results revealed that 10% blend (90% petro-diesel and 10% bioethanol) was a clear stand out in terms of engine parameters such as enhanced brake power and appreciable brake thermal efficiency. Also the emission levels such as CO and unburned HC was comparatively lesser than other blends except for NOx which eventually depends on the engine construction.

i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering, 2011

Polythene bags have become an article of common usage in daily life. Huge accumulation of plastic... more Polythene bags have become an article of common usage in daily life. Huge accumulation of plastic waste cause severe threat to humans, animals and our environment. Recently microbes have become the focus of interest for environment friendly disposal of plastic waste. In present study 18 different types of fungal species were isolated from soil and two fungal species were screened by using polythene powder. The fungal identification was carried out by genomic DNA isolation followed by PCR and ITS rRNA sequencing. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis gave a similarity with the database of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus terreus of 99%. The microbial degradation of LDPE was analyzed by SEM and FTIR analysis. SEM results show disruption of surface texture of LDPE film as compared to control. FTIR analysis gives a close view of CH stretching, CH 2 deformation, CH 2 bending etc. Degradation experiment was done in synthetic media for 4 months and in soil for 9 months. Percentage of weight loss of LDPE film after degradation was 30.6% and 11.4% by A. flavus and A. terreus respectively in soil after 9 months. In synthetic medium percent weight loss of polythene was 14.3% and 13.1% by A. flavus and A. terreus respectively after 4 months. There are scanty reports of fungal biodegradation in soil under natural conditions. 30.6% biodegradation in 9 months period with A. flavus, a species isolated from dumping sites, give hope of degradation of such LDPE's under environmental conditions without providing any supplement or prior treatment.

International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, 2016

This paper presents the biodiesel production processes using low frequency ultrasonic energy (24 ... more This paper presents the biodiesel production processes using low frequency ultrasonic energy (24 kHz) and conventional mechanical stirrer method. For this purpose, three different non-edible oils namely kusum, yellow oleander and bitter groundnut oil were used as the biodiesel feedstock. The experiments have been performed for molar ratio (alcohol/oil) 6:1 and 4.5:1, with three different catalyst percentages (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of potassium hydroxide. Further an experimental investigation has been carried out on a diesel engine with diesel and biodiesel blends [B10, B20, and B30]. The most significant conclusions are: 1) biodiesel production through ultrasound energy appears to be efficient and time saving; 2) BTE of engine slightly increases when operating on lower blends of biodiesel (up to B10) than that operating on neat diesel. It may be concluded from the experimental investigations that up to 30% of biodiesel blends can be used as a fuel in engine without modification.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016

ABSTRACT In the present research work, Nerium oleander oil has been used as raw material for prod... more ABSTRACT In the present research work, Nerium oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using both ultrasonic transesterification and a magnetic stirrer method. A two-step transesterification process was carried out for optimum condition of 0.40% V/V methanol to oil ratio, 1% V/V H2SO4 catalyst, 55°C temperature, and 60 min reaction time followed by treatment with 0.2% V/V methanol to oil ratio, 1% V/W KOH alkaline catalyst, 55°C temperature, and 60 min reaction time. The process is repeated with an ultrasonic method at the frequency of 28 kHz using ultrasonic horn type reactor (50 W) for about 10–15 min. Biodiesel obtained from ultrasonic method and magnetic stirrer was then compared for their percentage yield and physiochemical properties. Ultrasonic transesterification process gave a maximum yield of 97% by weight of oleander biodiesel along with improved physiochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is concluded that ultrasonic method is the most effective method for converting crude oleander oil into biodiesel.

Waste management & research : the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA, 2017

This research was undertaken to estimate the energy potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) disp... more This research was undertaken to estimate the energy potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposed over the past 15 years in an unsecured landfill located in Okhla, Delhi, India. The research collected a total of 98 samples from various depths and locations, which were analyzed for physico-chemical characterization. Multiple regression models for estimating the energy content of the disposed MSW were developed to predict average gross calorific value (GCV) and net calorific value (NCV). Forward entry regression was applied to identify the variables that contributed significantly to the regression. Thus, 4-parametric models and 2-parametric models were developed for predicting both average GCV and NCV of the disposed MSW. The developed models gave a reasonably good prediction of the energy content of MSW. Both the models gave low values of average absolute relative error and high values of correlation coefficient. It was found that the 2-parametric models exhibited nearly the same...

International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, 2015

In this study, the production, performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends produ... more In this study, the production, performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends produced from bitter ground nut oil were compared to the diesel fuel. In first part of research, the production of biodiesel from bitter groundnut oil and optimisation of process parameters were undertaken. In second part, performance of 4-cylinder Tata Indica diesel engine has been studied at different engine speeds. During engine performance tests, the biodiesel blends showed higher brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature, while marginally lower brake power, torque and brake thermal efficiency than the diesel fuel were noticed. Engine emissions showed higher carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide releases, but decreased amount of carbon monoxide for biodiesel blends compared to the diesel fuel. From the experimental results, it is clear that the bitter groundnut oil-based biodiesel can also be used in a CI engine without any modifications.

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016

Oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using ultrasonic irradiation m... more Oleander oil has been used as raw material for producing biodiesel using ultrasonic irradiation method at the frequency of 20 kHz and horn type reactor 50 watt. A two-step transesterification process was carried out for optimum condition of 0.45 v/v methanol to oil ratio, 1.2% v/v H 2 SO 4 catalyst, 45 o C reaction temperature and 15 min reaction time, followed by treatment with 0.25 v/v methanol to oil ratio, 0.75% w/v KOH alkaline catalyst, 50 o C reaction temperature and 15 min reaction time. The fuel properties of Oleander biodiesel so obtained confirmed the requirements of both the standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 for biodiesel. Further Oleander biodiesel-diesel blends were tested to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics. The performance and emission of 20% Oleander biodiesel blend (B20) gave a satisfactory result in diesel engines as the brake thermal efficiency increased 2.06% and CO and UHC emissions decreased 41.4% and 32.3% respectively, compared to mineral diesel. Comparative investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of Oleander biodiesel blends and mineral diesel showed that oleander seed is a potential source of biodiesel and blends up to 20% can be used for realizing better performance from an unmodified diesel engine.

Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2017

The present study deals with development of a hybrid reactor for biodiesel production based on th... more The present study deals with development of a hybrid reactor for biodiesel production based on the combined hydrodynamic cavitation and mechanical stirring processes. Biodiesel were produced using Kaner Seed Oil (KSO). The experimental results show that hybrid reactor produces 95% biodiesel yield within 45 min for 0.75% of catalyst and 6:1 M ratio which is significantly higher as compared to mechanical stirring or hydrodynamic cavitation alone. Thus biodiesel production process in hybrid reactor is cheap (high yield), efficient (time saving) and environmentally friendly (lower% of catalyst). Performance study on engine shows that an increase in compression ratios (from 16 to 18) improves the engine performance using biodiesel blends as compared to petroleum diesel.