Enrico Bertino - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Enrico Bertino

Research paper thumbnail of The second Italian human milk banks survey

Research paper thumbnail of Achieving accurate estimates of fetal gestational age and personalised predictions of fetal growth based on data from an international prospective cohort study: a population-based machine learning study

The Lancet Digital Health, Jul 1, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of International estimated fetal weight standards of the INTERGROWTH-21<sup>st</sup>Project

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mar 5, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Machine learning for accurate estimation of fetal gestational age based on ultrasound images

npj Digital Medicine

Accurate estimation of gestational age is an essential component of good obstetric care and infor... more Accurate estimation of gestational age is an essential component of good obstetric care and informs clinical decision-making throughout pregnancy. As the date of the last menstrual period is often unknown or uncertain, ultrasound measurement of fetal size is currently the best method for estimating gestational age. The calculation assumes an average fetal size at each gestational age. The method is accurate in the first trimester, but less so in the second and third trimesters as growth deviates from the average and variation in fetal size increases. Consequently, fetal ultrasound late in pregnancy has a wide margin of error of at least ±2 weeks’ gestation. Here, we utilise state-of-the-art machine learning methods to estimate gestational age using only image analysis of standard ultrasound planes, without any measurement information. The machine learning model is based on ultrasound images from two independent datasets: one for training and internal validation, and another for exte...

Research paper thumbnail of Using Machine Learning to Achieve Accurate Estimates of Fetal Gestational Age and Personalized Predictions of Fetal Growth

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of New perspectives in human milk banks

Mother’s own milk (MOM) is the first choice in preterm infant feeding, and when it is not availab... more Mother’s own milk (MOM) is the first choice in preterm infant feeding, and when it is not available or is insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) is recommended. It has been shown that feeding preterm infants with human milk is less related to major morbidities, enhances feeding tolerance and prevents metabolic syndrome in childhood. As The Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) states, specific guidelines for Human Milk Banks (HMB) are needed to guarantee the best possible compromise between microbiological safety and nutritional/biological quality of human milk (HM). Currently, Holder pasteurization (HoP: pasteurization process at 62.5-63°C for 30 minutes) is recommended by all international guidelines: this method inactivates bacterial and viral pathogens but it also affects some nutritional and biological properties of human milk. New methods to ameliorate the biological quality and safety of DHM are under ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Extrauterine Head Growth From 14-21 days to Discharge With Longitudinal Intergrowth-21st Charts: A New Approach to Identify Very Preterm Infants at Risk of Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Impairment

Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of International values for haemoglobin distributions in healthy pregnant women

Research paper thumbnail of Late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and visual maturation, reinforce autonomy in healthy, 2-year-old children

Scientific Reports, 2020

We studied neurodevelopmental outcomes and behaviours in healthy 2-year old children (N = 1306) f... more We studied neurodevelopmental outcomes and behaviours in healthy 2-year old children (N = 1306) from Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK participating in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. There was a positive independent relationship of duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and age at weaning with gross motor development, vision and autonomic physical activities, most evident if children were exclusively breastfed for ≥7 months or weaned at ≥7 months. There was no association with cognition, language or behaviour. Children exclusively breastfed from birth to <5 months or weaned at >6 months had, in a dose-effect pattern, adjusting for confounding factors, higher scores for “emotional reactivity”. The positive effect of EBF and age at weaning on gross motor, running and climbing scores was strongest among children with the highest scores in maternal closeness proxy indicators. EBF, late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and vision maturation, ind...

Research paper thumbnail of International gestational age-specific centiles for umbilical artery Doppler indices: a longitudinal prospective cohort study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours are similar among healthy children across diverse geographical locations

Nature Communications, 2019

It is unclear whether early child development is, like skeletal growth, similar across diverse re... more It is unclear whether early child development is, like skeletal growth, similar across diverse regions with adequate health and nutrition. We prospectively assessed 1307 healthy, well-nourished 2-year-old children of educated mothers, enrolled in early pregnancy from urban areas without major socioeconomic or environmental constraints, in Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and UK. We used a specially developed psychometric tool, WHO motor milestones and visual tests. Similarities across sites were measured using variance components analysis and standardised site differences (SSD). In 14 of the 16 domains, the percentage of total variance explained by between-site differences ranged from 1.3% (cognitive score) to 9.2% (behaviour score). Of the 80 SSD comparisons, only six were >±0.50 units of the pooled SD for the corresponding item. The sequence and timing of attainment of neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours in early childhood are, therefore, likely innate and univer...

Research paper thumbnail of International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown–rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2013

Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality w... more Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide and there is a growing scientific literature suggesting that environmental exposures during pregnancy may play a causal role in these outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the environmental exposure of the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) participants in the multinational INTERGROWTH‐21st Project. First, we developed a tool that could be used internationally to screen pregnant women for such exposures and administered it in eight countries on a subsample (n = 987) of the FGLS participants. The FGLS is a study of fetal growth among healthy pregnant women living in relatively affluent areas, at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures. We confirmed that most women were not exposed to major environmental hazards that could affect pregnancy outcomes according to the protocol's entry criteria. However, the instrument was able to identify some women t...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Holder Pasteurization on Human Milk Oligosaccharides

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 2008

The benefits of human milk have been confirmed for preterm infants, due to its nutritional aspect... more The benefits of human milk have been confirmed for preterm infants, due to its nutritional aspects and to its biologically active compounds. Oligosaccharides play an emerging leading role among these compounds. Mother's milk can sometimes be lacking for preterm infants; pasteurized donor milk represents therefore an important alternative. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Holder pasteurization on the concentration and pattern of oligosaccharides in preterm human milk. Our results indicate that pasteurization does not affect the concentration or pattern of analyzed oligosaccharides.

Research paper thumbnail of INTERGROWTH-21st Project international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age: an international prospective population-based study

BMJ Open, 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Ass... more ObjectivesTo describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) standards for child development at 2 years by reporting the cognitive, language, motor and behaviour outcomes in optimally healthy and nourished children in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.DesignPopulation-based cohort study, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.SettingBrazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK.Participants1181 children prospectively recruited from early fetal life according to the prescriptive WHO approach, and confirmed to be at low risk of adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes.Primary measuresScaled INTER-NDA domain scores for cognition, language, fine and gross motor skills and behaviour; vision outcomes measured on the Cardiff tests; attentional problems and emotional reactivity measured on the respective subscales of the preschool Child Behaviour Checklist; and the age of acquisition of the WHO gross motor milestones.ResultsScaled INTER-NDA domain scores ar...

Research paper thumbnail of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Effects of Holder Pasteurization

Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008

Early Human Development, Volume 84, Issue null, Pages S105, November 2008, Authors:Francesca Giul... more Early Human Development, Volume 84, Issue null, Pages S105, November 2008, Authors:Francesca Giuliani⁎; Enrico Bertino; Giovanni Coppa; Tiziana Testa; Alessandra Coscia;Chiara Peila; Luciana Occhi; Orazio Gabrielli; Lucia Zampini; Claudio Fabris. Advertisement. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet of Breastfeeding Mothers and Fatty Acids Composition of Their Human Milk: Results From the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Frontiers in Nutrition, Jun 2, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Manufacturing Specific Feeding Bottles to Improve the Microbiological Safety of Human Milk

Journal of Human Lactation, Apr 15, 2016

2. Tully MR, ed. Guidelines for the Establishment and Operation of a Donor Human Milk Bank. 9th e... more 2. Tully MR, ed. Guidelines for the Establishment and Operation of a Donor Human Milk Bank. 9th ed. Raleigh, NC: Human Milk Banking Association of North America; 2000. 3. Arslanoglu S, Corpeleijn W, Moro G, et al; ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Donor human milk for preterm infants: current evidence and research directions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57:535-542. 4. Tully DB. Donor milk: what’s in it and what’s not. J Hum Lact. 2001;17(2):152-155. 5. Ogundele MO. Techniques for the storage of human breast milk: implications for anti-microbial functions and safety of stored milk. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159(11):793-797. 6. García-Lara NR, Vieco DE, De la Cruz-Bértolo J, et al. Effect of holder pasteurization and frozen storage on macronutrients and energy content of breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(3):377-382. 7. Evans TJ, Ryley HC, Neale LM, et al. Effect of storage and heat on antimicrobial proteins in human milk. Arch Dis Child. 1978;53:239-241. 8. Christen L, Lai CT, Hartmann B, et al. The effect of UV-C pasteurization on bacteriostatic properties and immunological proteins of donor human milk. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e85867. 9. Braga LP, Palhares DB. Effect of evaporation and pasteurization in the biochemical and immunological composition of human milk. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(1):59-63. 10. da Costa RS, do Carmo MG, Saunders C, et al. Characterization of iron, copper and zinc levels in the colostrum of mothers of term and preterm infants before and after pasteurization. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2003;54(2):111-117. 11. Akinbi H, Meinzen-Derr J, Auer C, et al. Alterations in the host defense properties of human milk following prolonged storage or pasteurization. JPGN. 2010;51(3):347-352. 12. Elisia I, Kitts DD. Quantification of hexanal as an index of lipid oxidation in human milk and association with antioxidant components. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011;49(3):147-152. 13. Gibbs JH, Fisher C, Bhattacharya S, et al. Drip breast milk: its composition, collection and pasteurization. Early Hum Dev. 1977;1(3):227-245.

Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional adequacy of a novel human milk fortifier from donkey milk in feeding preterm infants: study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial

Nutrition Journal, Jan 9, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Pasteurization of human milk by a benchtop High-Temperature Short-Time device

Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, Aug 1, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of The second Italian human milk banks survey

Research paper thumbnail of Achieving accurate estimates of fetal gestational age and personalised predictions of fetal growth based on data from an international prospective cohort study: a population-based machine learning study

The Lancet Digital Health, Jul 1, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of International estimated fetal weight standards of the INTERGROWTH-21<sup>st</sup>Project

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mar 5, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Machine learning for accurate estimation of fetal gestational age based on ultrasound images

npj Digital Medicine

Accurate estimation of gestational age is an essential component of good obstetric care and infor... more Accurate estimation of gestational age is an essential component of good obstetric care and informs clinical decision-making throughout pregnancy. As the date of the last menstrual period is often unknown or uncertain, ultrasound measurement of fetal size is currently the best method for estimating gestational age. The calculation assumes an average fetal size at each gestational age. The method is accurate in the first trimester, but less so in the second and third trimesters as growth deviates from the average and variation in fetal size increases. Consequently, fetal ultrasound late in pregnancy has a wide margin of error of at least ±2 weeks’ gestation. Here, we utilise state-of-the-art machine learning methods to estimate gestational age using only image analysis of standard ultrasound planes, without any measurement information. The machine learning model is based on ultrasound images from two independent datasets: one for training and internal validation, and another for exte...

Research paper thumbnail of Using Machine Learning to Achieve Accurate Estimates of Fetal Gestational Age and Personalized Predictions of Fetal Growth

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019

Research paper thumbnail of New perspectives in human milk banks

Mother’s own milk (MOM) is the first choice in preterm infant feeding, and when it is not availab... more Mother’s own milk (MOM) is the first choice in preterm infant feeding, and when it is not available or is insufficient, donor human milk (DHM) is recommended. It has been shown that feeding preterm infants with human milk is less related to major morbidities, enhances feeding tolerance and prevents metabolic syndrome in childhood. As The Committee on Nutrition of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) states, specific guidelines for Human Milk Banks (HMB) are needed to guarantee the best possible compromise between microbiological safety and nutritional/biological quality of human milk (HM). Currently, Holder pasteurization (HoP: pasteurization process at 62.5-63°C for 30 minutes) is recommended by all international guidelines: this method inactivates bacterial and viral pathogens but it also affects some nutritional and biological properties of human milk. New methods to ameliorate the biological quality and safety of DHM are under ...

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of Extrauterine Head Growth From 14-21 days to Discharge With Longitudinal Intergrowth-21st Charts: A New Approach to Identify Very Preterm Infants at Risk of Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Impairment

Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of International values for haemoglobin distributions in healthy pregnant women

Research paper thumbnail of Late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and visual maturation, reinforce autonomy in healthy, 2-year-old children

Scientific Reports, 2020

We studied neurodevelopmental outcomes and behaviours in healthy 2-year old children (N = 1306) f... more We studied neurodevelopmental outcomes and behaviours in healthy 2-year old children (N = 1306) from Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK participating in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. There was a positive independent relationship of duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and age at weaning with gross motor development, vision and autonomic physical activities, most evident if children were exclusively breastfed for ≥7 months or weaned at ≥7 months. There was no association with cognition, language or behaviour. Children exclusively breastfed from birth to <5 months or weaned at >6 months had, in a dose-effect pattern, adjusting for confounding factors, higher scores for “emotional reactivity”. The positive effect of EBF and age at weaning on gross motor, running and climbing scores was strongest among children with the highest scores in maternal closeness proxy indicators. EBF, late weaning and maternal closeness, associated with advanced motor and vision maturation, ind...

Research paper thumbnail of International gestational age-specific centiles for umbilical artery Doppler indices: a longitudinal prospective cohort study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020

Research paper thumbnail of Neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours are similar among healthy children across diverse geographical locations

Nature Communications, 2019

It is unclear whether early child development is, like skeletal growth, similar across diverse re... more It is unclear whether early child development is, like skeletal growth, similar across diverse regions with adequate health and nutrition. We prospectively assessed 1307 healthy, well-nourished 2-year-old children of educated mothers, enrolled in early pregnancy from urban areas without major socioeconomic or environmental constraints, in Brazil, India, Italy, Kenya and UK. We used a specially developed psychometric tool, WHO motor milestones and visual tests. Similarities across sites were measured using variance components analysis and standardised site differences (SSD). In 14 of the 16 domains, the percentage of total variance explained by between-site differences ranged from 1.3% (cognitive score) to 9.2% (behaviour score). Of the 80 SSD comparisons, only six were >±0.50 units of the pooled SD for the corresponding item. The sequence and timing of attainment of neurodevelopmental milestones and associated behaviours in early childhood are, therefore, likely innate and univer...

Research paper thumbnail of International standards for early fetal size and pregnancy dating based on ultrasound measurement of crown–rump length in the first trimester of pregnancy

Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project

BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 2013

Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality w... more Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide and there is a growing scientific literature suggesting that environmental exposures during pregnancy may play a causal role in these outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the environmental exposure of the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) participants in the multinational INTERGROWTH‐21st Project. First, we developed a tool that could be used internationally to screen pregnant women for such exposures and administered it in eight countries on a subsample (n = 987) of the FGLS participants. The FGLS is a study of fetal growth among healthy pregnant women living in relatively affluent areas, at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures. We confirmed that most women were not exposed to major environmental hazards that could affect pregnancy outcomes according to the protocol's entry criteria. However, the instrument was able to identify some women t...

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Holder Pasteurization on Human Milk Oligosaccharides

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 2008

The benefits of human milk have been confirmed for preterm infants, due to its nutritional aspect... more The benefits of human milk have been confirmed for preterm infants, due to its nutritional aspects and to its biologically active compounds. Oligosaccharides play an emerging leading role among these compounds. Mother's milk can sometimes be lacking for preterm infants; pasteurized donor milk represents therefore an important alternative. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of Holder pasteurization on the concentration and pattern of oligosaccharides in preterm human milk. Our results indicate that pasteurization does not affect the concentration or pattern of analyzed oligosaccharides.

Research paper thumbnail of INTERGROWTH-21st Project international INTER-NDA standards for child development at 2 years of age: an international prospective population-based study

BMJ Open, 2020

ObjectivesTo describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Ass... more ObjectivesTo describe the construction of the international INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) standards for child development at 2 years by reporting the cognitive, language, motor and behaviour outcomes in optimally healthy and nourished children in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.DesignPopulation-based cohort study, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project.SettingBrazil, India, Italy, Kenya and the UK.Participants1181 children prospectively recruited from early fetal life according to the prescriptive WHO approach, and confirmed to be at low risk of adverse perinatal and postnatal outcomes.Primary measuresScaled INTER-NDA domain scores for cognition, language, fine and gross motor skills and behaviour; vision outcomes measured on the Cardiff tests; attentional problems and emotional reactivity measured on the respective subscales of the preschool Child Behaviour Checklist; and the age of acquisition of the WHO gross motor milestones.ResultsScaled INTER-NDA domain scores ar...

Research paper thumbnail of Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Effects of Holder Pasteurization

Archives of Disease in Childhood, Nov 1, 2008

Early Human Development, Volume 84, Issue null, Pages S105, November 2008, Authors:Francesca Giul... more Early Human Development, Volume 84, Issue null, Pages S105, November 2008, Authors:Francesca Giuliani⁎; Enrico Bertino; Giovanni Coppa; Tiziana Testa; Alessandra Coscia;Chiara Peila; Luciana Occhi; Orazio Gabrielli; Lucia Zampini; Claudio Fabris. Advertisement. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Adherence to Mediterranean Diet of Breastfeeding Mothers and Fatty Acids Composition of Their Human Milk: Results From the Italian MEDIDIET Study

Frontiers in Nutrition, Jun 2, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Manufacturing Specific Feeding Bottles to Improve the Microbiological Safety of Human Milk

Journal of Human Lactation, Apr 15, 2016

2. Tully MR, ed. Guidelines for the Establishment and Operation of a Donor Human Milk Bank. 9th e... more 2. Tully MR, ed. Guidelines for the Establishment and Operation of a Donor Human Milk Bank. 9th ed. Raleigh, NC: Human Milk Banking Association of North America; 2000. 3. Arslanoglu S, Corpeleijn W, Moro G, et al; ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Donor human milk for preterm infants: current evidence and research directions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57:535-542. 4. Tully DB. Donor milk: what’s in it and what’s not. J Hum Lact. 2001;17(2):152-155. 5. Ogundele MO. Techniques for the storage of human breast milk: implications for anti-microbial functions and safety of stored milk. Eur J Pediatr. 2000;159(11):793-797. 6. García-Lara NR, Vieco DE, De la Cruz-Bértolo J, et al. Effect of holder pasteurization and frozen storage on macronutrients and energy content of breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;57(3):377-382. 7. Evans TJ, Ryley HC, Neale LM, et al. Effect of storage and heat on antimicrobial proteins in human milk. Arch Dis Child. 1978;53:239-241. 8. Christen L, Lai CT, Hartmann B, et al. The effect of UV-C pasteurization on bacteriostatic properties and immunological proteins of donor human milk. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e85867. 9. Braga LP, Palhares DB. Effect of evaporation and pasteurization in the biochemical and immunological composition of human milk. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(1):59-63. 10. da Costa RS, do Carmo MG, Saunders C, et al. Characterization of iron, copper and zinc levels in the colostrum of mothers of term and preterm infants before and after pasteurization. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2003;54(2):111-117. 11. Akinbi H, Meinzen-Derr J, Auer C, et al. Alterations in the host defense properties of human milk following prolonged storage or pasteurization. JPGN. 2010;51(3):347-352. 12. Elisia I, Kitts DD. Quantification of hexanal as an index of lipid oxidation in human milk and association with antioxidant components. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011;49(3):147-152. 13. Gibbs JH, Fisher C, Bhattacharya S, et al. Drip breast milk: its composition, collection and pasteurization. Early Hum Dev. 1977;1(3):227-245.

Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional adequacy of a novel human milk fortifier from donkey milk in feeding preterm infants: study protocol of a randomized controlled clinical trial

Nutrition Journal, Jan 9, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Pasteurization of human milk by a benchtop High-Temperature Short-Time device

Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, Aug 1, 2016