Epp Lauk - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Epp Lauk

Acta Historica Tallinnensia

... Samalla toimittajat tulkitsivat sananvapauden merkitsevän kaikkien rajojen puuttumista ja vap... more ... Samalla toimittajat tulkitsivat sananvapauden merkitsevän kaikkien rajojen puuttumista ja vapautta julkaista mitä tahansa. ... Uudelleenjärjestelyn jälkeen ASN jatkoi riippumattomana asiatuntijalautakun-tana: se oli sekä välikäsi lehdistön ja julkisuuden välillä että mediakriittinen ...

Citeseer

... the nation and nationalism. Soviet censorship in Estonia clear-ly served the objective of Rus... more ... the nation and nationalism. Soviet censorship in Estonia clear-ly served the objective of Russification and destruc-tion of Estonian national culture. Among the mental ... of peace, etc. (see more: Pärl-Lõhmus 1997). In addition ...

Communication & Society, 2017

Nordicom Review, 2003

Until mid 19 th century the literary system was rather undifferentiated in many European countrie... more Until mid 19 th century the literary system was rather undifferentiated in many European countries. Authors of fiction and 'men of letters' in general served the same printers. It was sometimes difficult to distinguish between the kind of contributions that were printed in newspapers and those printed in other publications: book, journals etc. 1 In the last decades of the 19 th century, however, publishing in general was in transition from loose and informal arrangements to a more formalised work organisation. In many countries the press became a regular newspaper industry addressed to a mass market with the help of the new and fabulously efficient technology of printing. Sharply falling prices for newsprint opened the market for many new competitors and started a boom in circulation from which all seemed to benefit, new and old newspapers alike. Other traits of the period were increased advertising and a fierce competition. 2 An emerging new journalism focused on a variety of news for a heterogeneous audience, and more regular work routines for newspapermen, news-workers, journalists-or whatever was the favourite term for an aspiring profession. This was a new breed of writers for the 20 th century, quite different from the gentleman publicist and literate of most of the 19 th century. When reporters moved from the street, bars and coffeehouses into more sheltered offices inside newspaper palaces in the metropolis of the modern world, and when journalism became a full-time job

Observatorio (OBS*)

Though the proclivity of sexual-related harassment in African journalism is high, the rates of re... more Though the proclivity of sexual-related harassment in African journalism is high, the rates of reporting of these incidences and empirical studies are low. The study employs a gendered approach for an exploratory inquiry into the lived experiences and impressions of Ghanaian female journalists about sexual harassment. The study examines how female journalists experience both newsroom harassments and on-assignment sexual harassment, including the role they play in quid pro quo exchanges, which are relevant aspects of sexual harassment in the profession. The study also examines blame attribution strategies female journalists adopt in assigning blame for sexual harassment occurrences. The study uses a respondent-assisted sampling technique to select and conduct in-depth-interviews with twenty-three female journalists drawn from a cross-section of Ghana's journalism industry. Findings show that most Ghanaian female journalists have encountered sexual harassment from influential men ...

In Ghana, the feminisation of the journalism profession has become a fact: more girls are enterin... more In Ghana, the feminisation of the journalism profession has become a fact: more girls are entering journalism programmes in the Universities. and the number of women employees are growing in the newsrooms. The problem of balancing work-time arrangements (e.g. irregular and unpredictable work schedules, weekend work and long working hours) with equally important domestic obligations are familiar to most female journalists around the globe. Even in countries with well-developed social support structures, and well-defined labour laws, the current nature of journalism work-time arrangements impedes many female journalists in achieving work-life balance. For most Ghanaian female journalists. the culturally entrenched disproportionate societal power hierarchies amplify the challenges of the gendered journalism environment. This study employs unstructured in-depth interviews with 23 female journalists from various regions in Ghana. The study explores three sets of arrangements and demonstr...

As a part of the overall project of "Future of the national news agencies in Europe" th... more As a part of the overall project of "Future of the national news agencies in Europe" this case study provides complementary explanatory information for understanding the state of the art and future prospective of European national news agencies. The case study focuses on the Baltic news agencies: BNS (Estonian and Lithuanian branches), LETA (Latvia) and ELTA (Lithuania) as examples of news services in small markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate how news agencies in small markets respond to the challenges of the Internet, digitalization and social media era that has altered their formerly indispensable position in the news ecosystem. All news agencies in the Baltic countries declare serving society with reliable and diverse information as their primary role. To survive the competition, news agencies, especially small ones, need to be innovative, creative and adaptive in improving their services and products. The Baltic case study builds on available documenta...

The Global Handbook of Media Accountability, 2021

This paper focuses on the journalistic strategies and practices that Estonian journalists and edi... more This paper focuses on the journalistic strategies and practices that Estonian journalists and editors used for expressing both their dissent with the restrictions of the freedom of the press and opposition to the Soviet regime. As no underground dissident press existed in Estonia in the Soviet period (1940-1941 and 1944-1991), journalists developed various ways of 'silent resistance' within the official press. Our aim is to demonstrate and analyse journalistic practices - both discursive and editorial - that undermined the ideological purposes of Soviet journalism. At the discursive level, journalists often tried to diminish the official ideological discourse by enlarging the proportion of the apolitical journalistic discourse in the newspapers. Journalists also skilfully used various linguistic means to bypass the 'party line'. On the editorial level, editors often passed, at their own risk, content that was not politically and ideologically 'correct'. Censo...

ISBN 978-3-653-04493-5 (elektroninis). Knygos DOI : 10.3726/978-3-653-04493-5Viešosios komunikaci... more ISBN 978-3-653-04493-5 (elektroninis). Knygos DOI : 10.3726/978-3-653-04493-5Viešosios komunikacijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Medijske Studije, 2015

The article focuses on the role of Russian-speaking journalists and the potential of Russianlangu... more The article focuses on the role of Russian-speaking journalists and the potential of Russianlanguage media in advancing societal integration in Estonia. As a consequence of socialist colonization during the Soviet regime a quarter of Estonian population today is Russian-speaking. The two main language communities have different informational spaces separated by a language barrier. Integration can only be successful if there is unhampered communication between minority and majority groups, and equal opportunities for individuals and groups to participate in the public sphere. First, we discuss the concept of minority language media and the position of Russian-language media in the context of societal integration in Estonia. Using a quantitative survey we depict the current professional status of Estonian Russian-speaking journalists, and display their perceptions about their role in integration. We conclude that Russian-speaking journalists perceive themselves as mediators between Estonian and Russian communities, but are not positive about the possibilities of Russian-language media to fulfil their task as representatives of the minority.

LUOTSIVA on Jyväskylän yliopiston kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitoksella 2017–2019 aikana Media... more LUOTSIVA on Jyväskylän yliopiston kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitoksella 2017–2019 aikana Media-alan tutkimussäätiön rahoituksella toteutettu tutkimushanke. Sen päämääränä oli löytää ja kokeilla keinoja, joilla sanomalehdet voisivat hyödyntää Facebook-sivujaan lukijasuhteen vahvistamiseen ja aktivoimiseen. Toimituksissa toteutetun kokeilujakson aikana neljä kotimaista sanomalehteä toteuttivat postaus- ja keskustelustrategioita omilla Facebook-sivuillaan. Kokeilujakso toteutettiin Keskisuomalaisen, Sisä-Suomen Lehden, Kalevan sekä Jämsän Seudun toimituksissa joulukuun 2018 ja tammikuun 2019 välisenä aikana.nonPeerReviewe

Central European Journal of Communication, 2021

Canadian Journal of Communication, 1995

Acta Historica Tallinnensia

... Samalla toimittajat tulkitsivat sananvapauden merkitsevän kaikkien rajojen puuttumista ja vap... more ... Samalla toimittajat tulkitsivat sananvapauden merkitsevän kaikkien rajojen puuttumista ja vapautta julkaista mitä tahansa. ... Uudelleenjärjestelyn jälkeen ASN jatkoi riippumattomana asiatuntijalautakun-tana: se oli sekä välikäsi lehdistön ja julkisuuden välillä että mediakriittinen ...

Citeseer

... the nation and nationalism. Soviet censorship in Estonia clear-ly served the objective of Rus... more ... the nation and nationalism. Soviet censorship in Estonia clear-ly served the objective of Russification and destruc-tion of Estonian national culture. Among the mental ... of peace, etc. (see more: Pärl-Lõhmus 1997). In addition ...

Communication & Society, 2017

Nordicom Review, 2003

Until mid 19 th century the literary system was rather undifferentiated in many European countrie... more Until mid 19 th century the literary system was rather undifferentiated in many European countries. Authors of fiction and 'men of letters' in general served the same printers. It was sometimes difficult to distinguish between the kind of contributions that were printed in newspapers and those printed in other publications: book, journals etc. 1 In the last decades of the 19 th century, however, publishing in general was in transition from loose and informal arrangements to a more formalised work organisation. In many countries the press became a regular newspaper industry addressed to a mass market with the help of the new and fabulously efficient technology of printing. Sharply falling prices for newsprint opened the market for many new competitors and started a boom in circulation from which all seemed to benefit, new and old newspapers alike. Other traits of the period were increased advertising and a fierce competition. 2 An emerging new journalism focused on a variety of news for a heterogeneous audience, and more regular work routines for newspapermen, news-workers, journalists-or whatever was the favourite term for an aspiring profession. This was a new breed of writers for the 20 th century, quite different from the gentleman publicist and literate of most of the 19 th century. When reporters moved from the street, bars and coffeehouses into more sheltered offices inside newspaper palaces in the metropolis of the modern world, and when journalism became a full-time job

Observatorio (OBS*)

Though the proclivity of sexual-related harassment in African journalism is high, the rates of re... more Though the proclivity of sexual-related harassment in African journalism is high, the rates of reporting of these incidences and empirical studies are low. The study employs a gendered approach for an exploratory inquiry into the lived experiences and impressions of Ghanaian female journalists about sexual harassment. The study examines how female journalists experience both newsroom harassments and on-assignment sexual harassment, including the role they play in quid pro quo exchanges, which are relevant aspects of sexual harassment in the profession. The study also examines blame attribution strategies female journalists adopt in assigning blame for sexual harassment occurrences. The study uses a respondent-assisted sampling technique to select and conduct in-depth-interviews with twenty-three female journalists drawn from a cross-section of Ghana's journalism industry. Findings show that most Ghanaian female journalists have encountered sexual harassment from influential men ...

In Ghana, the feminisation of the journalism profession has become a fact: more girls are enterin... more In Ghana, the feminisation of the journalism profession has become a fact: more girls are entering journalism programmes in the Universities. and the number of women employees are growing in the newsrooms. The problem of balancing work-time arrangements (e.g. irregular and unpredictable work schedules, weekend work and long working hours) with equally important domestic obligations are familiar to most female journalists around the globe. Even in countries with well-developed social support structures, and well-defined labour laws, the current nature of journalism work-time arrangements impedes many female journalists in achieving work-life balance. For most Ghanaian female journalists. the culturally entrenched disproportionate societal power hierarchies amplify the challenges of the gendered journalism environment. This study employs unstructured in-depth interviews with 23 female journalists from various regions in Ghana. The study explores three sets of arrangements and demonstr...

As a part of the overall project of "Future of the national news agencies in Europe" th... more As a part of the overall project of "Future of the national news agencies in Europe" this case study provides complementary explanatory information for understanding the state of the art and future prospective of European national news agencies. The case study focuses on the Baltic news agencies: BNS (Estonian and Lithuanian branches), LETA (Latvia) and ELTA (Lithuania) as examples of news services in small markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate how news agencies in small markets respond to the challenges of the Internet, digitalization and social media era that has altered their formerly indispensable position in the news ecosystem. All news agencies in the Baltic countries declare serving society with reliable and diverse information as their primary role. To survive the competition, news agencies, especially small ones, need to be innovative, creative and adaptive in improving their services and products. The Baltic case study builds on available documenta...

The Global Handbook of Media Accountability, 2021

This paper focuses on the journalistic strategies and practices that Estonian journalists and edi... more This paper focuses on the journalistic strategies and practices that Estonian journalists and editors used for expressing both their dissent with the restrictions of the freedom of the press and opposition to the Soviet regime. As no underground dissident press existed in Estonia in the Soviet period (1940-1941 and 1944-1991), journalists developed various ways of 'silent resistance' within the official press. Our aim is to demonstrate and analyse journalistic practices - both discursive and editorial - that undermined the ideological purposes of Soviet journalism. At the discursive level, journalists often tried to diminish the official ideological discourse by enlarging the proportion of the apolitical journalistic discourse in the newspapers. Journalists also skilfully used various linguistic means to bypass the 'party line'. On the editorial level, editors often passed, at their own risk, content that was not politically and ideologically 'correct'. Censo...

ISBN 978-3-653-04493-5 (elektroninis). Knygos DOI : 10.3726/978-3-653-04493-5Viešosios komunikaci... more ISBN 978-3-653-04493-5 (elektroninis). Knygos DOI : 10.3726/978-3-653-04493-5Viešosios komunikacijos katedraVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Medijske Studije, 2015

The article focuses on the role of Russian-speaking journalists and the potential of Russianlangu... more The article focuses on the role of Russian-speaking journalists and the potential of Russianlanguage media in advancing societal integration in Estonia. As a consequence of socialist colonization during the Soviet regime a quarter of Estonian population today is Russian-speaking. The two main language communities have different informational spaces separated by a language barrier. Integration can only be successful if there is unhampered communication between minority and majority groups, and equal opportunities for individuals and groups to participate in the public sphere. First, we discuss the concept of minority language media and the position of Russian-language media in the context of societal integration in Estonia. Using a quantitative survey we depict the current professional status of Estonian Russian-speaking journalists, and display their perceptions about their role in integration. We conclude that Russian-speaking journalists perceive themselves as mediators between Estonian and Russian communities, but are not positive about the possibilities of Russian-language media to fulfil their task as representatives of the minority.

LUOTSIVA on Jyväskylän yliopiston kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitoksella 2017–2019 aikana Media... more LUOTSIVA on Jyväskylän yliopiston kieli- ja viestintätieteiden laitoksella 2017–2019 aikana Media-alan tutkimussäätiön rahoituksella toteutettu tutkimushanke. Sen päämääränä oli löytää ja kokeilla keinoja, joilla sanomalehdet voisivat hyödyntää Facebook-sivujaan lukijasuhteen vahvistamiseen ja aktivoimiseen. Toimituksissa toteutetun kokeilujakson aikana neljä kotimaista sanomalehteä toteuttivat postaus- ja keskustelustrategioita omilla Facebook-sivuillaan. Kokeilujakso toteutettiin Keskisuomalaisen, Sisä-Suomen Lehden, Kalevan sekä Jämsän Seudun toimituksissa joulukuun 2018 ja tammikuun 2019 välisenä aikana.nonPeerReviewe

Central European Journal of Communication, 2021

Canadian Journal of Communication, 1995

The Routledge Companion To Media and Humanitarian Action, 2016

Covering crisis presents some of the biggest challenges in the news reporting. Taking good images... more Covering crisis presents some of the biggest challenges in the news reporting. Taking good images or videos during wars is especially hazardous business. According to Committee to Protect Journalists (2015) in 2012–2014 altogether over 70 journalists and photographers were killed in crossfire or combat. In this chapter we will focus on analysing several cases of drone journalism in crisis reporting. Drones have been used for news covering since 2011, starting from a riot in Warsaw. The newest examples, in 2015, are from the war zones of the Eastern Ukraine, from the aftermath of Earthquakes in Nepal, and migration crisis in the Europe. We will refer to some ethical guidelines and propositions for good drone journalism in humanitarian crisis reporting. In addition, based on our empirical findings, and The World Press Freedom Index, we will develop three scenarios for the future of drone journalism. By drone journalism we mean the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) for journalistic purposes.

A central proposition of this book is that contemporary democratic societies ought to create a re... more A central proposition of this book is that contemporary democratic societies ought to create a resilient communication culture to strengthen European democracy. A proactive, wisdom-based media governance is proposed to mitigate the risks for deliberative communication resulting from media transformations.
The novelty of this book is the methodology for detecting those emerging risks through regularly analysing and assessing each country’s capability of monitoring their mediascapes. This monitoring of mediascapes means asking critical questions, such as: What exactly is known about the consequences of media transformations producing risks for deliberative communication and consequently, democracy? What is the worth of this knowledge? What is not known and where are the information gaps?
This book focuses on the capability of a sample of 14 EU countries to collect relevant data, carry out research and analysis and finally assess the risks and opportunities associated with media development in terms of the societies’ potential for deliberative communication. To turn the risks into opportunities, viable strategies are necessary, such as: (1) setting a research agenda that takes into consideration the needs of society, not business interests; (2) establishing a policy of sustainable funding of journalism, media and communication research; (3) addressing the trend of the increasing volume of publications and the challenge of information overload; (4) improving the mechanisms for data and information collection outside academia.