Yun-Yang Chao - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Yun-Yang Chao

Agronomy, Sep 29, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research

When cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) are subjected to high-temperature environments (>35°... more When cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) are subjected to high-temperature environments (>35°C), their physiological structures are disrupted, affecting male–female flower inflorescence and fruit shapes, which are critical to cucumber quality. Accordingly, selecting heat-resistant cultivars is imperative in cucumber cultivation. This study tested three cucumber cultivars with varying resistance levels to high temperature: Wen nong 210, CU-127, and Ks No. 3. When the seedlings of these cultivars grew their primary leaves, leaf discs were collected and treated at varying temperatures; subsequently, relative injury (RI) was calculated to determine the cultivars’ cell membrane stability at high temperatures. The results revealed that Wen nong 210 sustained 50% RI at 54.1°C, exhibiting the greatest cell membrane stability, followed by CU-127, which sustained 50% RI at 53.9°C, and then Ks No. 3, which sustained 50% RI at 52.8°C. Analyzing the cultivars’ physiological indices indicated...

International Journal of Agriculture Innovation, Technology and Globalisation, 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most bioavailable heavy metal in soils. Cadmium may interfere with the... more Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most bioavailable heavy metal in soils. Cadmium may interfere with the uptake of essential elements. Thus, in this study, we investigated the changes in iron (Fe) concentration in Cd-treated rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. On treatment with 5 μM CdCl2, Cd concentration increased, whereas Fe concentration decreased in both shoots and roots of rice seedlings. Moreover, Cd treatment resulted in an induction of OsIRT1 transcript in roots of rice seedlings. Exogenous addition of excess Fe-citrate decreased Cd concentration and Cd toxicity of rice seedlings. Evidence presented in this study suggests that the improvement of Fe status is able to reduce toxicity of rice seedlings to CdCl2.

Maydica, 2018

Intercropping increases a field’s utilization rate and maintains soil fertility. By comparing the... more Intercropping increases a field’s utilization rate and maintains soil fertility. By comparing the single cropping of corn (SCC) with the intercropping of corn with three leguminous crops; i.e., mung bean (CM), black soybean (CB), and peanut (CP), this study investigated the effects of various leguminous intercrops on corn growth and yield. The experiment results indicate that intercropping corn with the mentioned leguminous crops increases the plant height, leaf area, and relative growth rate of the corn. In addition, the average single ear weight was 14.6%, 15.93%, and 22.1% higher in the CB, CM, and CP, respectively, when compared with that in the SCC, suggesting that the intercropping of corn with peanut is most beneficial for corn yield. Moreover, the number of rhizobia in the CP was 4.0 and 5.9 times the numbers in the CM and CB during the harvest period; the highest soil nitrogen content was also found in the CP (147.5 mg/kg), 2.0–2.2 times those in the other arrangements. Thi...

Eighth-month bean is a variant form of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and is an important c... more Eighth-month bean is a variant form of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and is an important component in sacrifice ceremonies in Taiwanese Plains Aboriginal culture. Among the different colors of eighth-month bean, purplish pods contain a relatively high content of anthocyanins and are rich in nutrients. However, the seed phenotype of eighthmonth bean varies, and currently, little is known about the association of seeds with plant phenotypes and that of plant phenotypes with pod colors. This study distinguished the external appearance of seeds into three different types: brown seeds, seeds with variegated markings, and black seeds; this study also investigated the leaves, flower color, flowering time, pod color, pod length, weight of single pods, and number of seeds in plants grown from the different types of seeds. The results showed that plants grown from brown seeds had deep-green leaves with obvious leaf veins, light-purple flowers, and seed pods with six different colors (d...

Nanosilver (10 −9 m) refers to particles comprising 20-15,000 silver atoms, exhibiting high stabi... more Nanosilver (10 −9 m) refers to particles comprising 20-15,000 silver atoms, exhibiting high stability and specific surface area. At present, nanosilver has been used in agricultural cultivation and production. This study examined the effects of nanosilver on growth and development of rice root systems. Study results showed that fresh weight of rice belowground organs and root length both increased significantly by 5% and 25%, respectively, after rice radicles were treated with 2 ppm of nanosilver for three days. However, the H 2 O 2 level reached its peak at 2 days from treatment, but the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, APX, and GR were inhibited by 2 ppm of nanosilver treatment. The results showed that nanosilver treatment inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activity of rice roots. The treatment of rice radicles with 5 μM H 2 O 2 promoted root development and the same was observed when nanosilver was used for treatment. Moreover, ascorbic acid (AsA) is a H 2 O 2 scavenger and therefore rice root development was inhibited when AsA was added to rice radicles together with either treatment of nanosilver or H 2 O 2. In summary, nanosilver treatment of rice radicles promoted root growth and development via the regulation of H 2 O 2 and not the O 2 − pathway. KEYWORDS Rice; nanosilver; antioxidant enzyme; root development; H 2 O 2 Nanosilver (10 −9 m) refers to particles comprising 20-15,000 silver atoms, exhibiting high stability and specific surface area. Furthermore, nanosilver shows strong bactericidal activity and is used in medicine, such as in wound dressing or catheter, to decrease the risk of bacterial infection. Moreover, nanosilver is often used for various industrial and domestic purposes, including water filtration and disinfection, dye catalysis and degradation and on domestic applications such as cosmetics manufacturing, textiles, detergents and deodorants to inhibit bacterial growth and kill bacteria [2,3]. Nanosilver can improve crop biomass; publications in recent years have described the use of nanosilver in agricultural cultivation and production. Burman et al. [4] sprayed nanosilver on the leaves of chickpeas This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to sulfur (S) deficien... more In this study, we investigated the antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to sulfur (S) deficiency. Sulfur deficiency resulted in a reduction of shoot growth but not root growth. Accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in leaves was induced by S deficiency. The contents of cysteine, glutathione (GSH) and the ratio of GSH/oxidized glutathione, and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase were lower in S-deficient leaves compared to control leaves. However, the content of ascorbate (AsA) and the ratio of AsA/dehydroascorbate were not affected and superoxide dismutase was increased by S deficiency. Our results demonstrate that S deficiency altered changes in antioxidant status and induced oxidative stress in rice seedlings.

Botanical Studies, 2012

Potassium (K) is essential for many physiological processes. K deficiency is known to increase th... more Potassium (K) is essential for many physiological processes. K deficiency is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species including H2O2 in bean and Arabidopsis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the action of abscisic acid (ABA) is associated with H2O2 production. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of ABA in K deficiency-induced H2O2 production in the leaves of rice seedlings. The histochemical and colorimetrical methods were used to determine H2O2 production in the leaves of rice seedlings. It was observed that K deficiency resulted in an increase in H2O2 content in the leaves. H2O2 production in rice leaves induced by K deficiency was blocked by diphenyleneiodonium chloride and imidazole, NADPH oxidase inhibitors. In this study, ABA content was judged by the expression of OsRab16A (an ABA responsive gene) or was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. K deficiency also resulted in an increase in ABA content in rice leaves. However, ...

Agronomy, 2021

Taiwanese quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz, commonly known as djulis) is a close relative of ... more Taiwanese quinoa (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz, commonly known as djulis) is a close relative of quinoa, is rich in nutritional value and high active components, such as, betaine and polyphenols, and is a vital food crop. We investigated the effects of calcium carbonate on the growth and physiology of Djulis sprouts because calcium is an essential nutrient for plants that can strengthen a plant’s root system and improve its nutrient absorption; moreover, under abiotic stress, calcium transmits messages to enhance cell tolerance. Experiments were conducted using 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM calcium carbonate hydroponic liquid treatment. Treatment with 5 mM calcium carbonate promoted the growth of djulis; specifically, root length, plant height, aboveground fresh weight, and dry weight increased by 55%, 12%, 37%, and 17%, respectively. In further investigation of the physiological change of djulis sprouts treated with calcium carbonate, the results showed that after 5 days of treatment with...

Plants, 2021

The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of treatment with 90% (28.5% volumetric wa... more The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of treatment with 90% (28.5% volumetric water content (VWC)), 75% (24% VWC), 50% (16% VWC), and 25% (8% VWC) of water requirements on the growth of two djulis (Chenopodium formosana Koidz) varieties (red: RP and yellow: OR) and one quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) varieties (PI). The results showed that drought stress (8% VWC) significantly reduced plant growth and relative water content, and increased H2O2 and MDA content in C. formosana and C. quinoa. The most significant increase in these parameters was detected in the OR variety. The antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, APX, and GR activities of PI variety under drought treatment (8% VWC), are significantly increased, while GR activity of C. formosana also increased significantly. Additionally, C. formosana and PI variety remained at a stable AsA/DHA ratio, but the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased during drought treatment. Moreover, drought stress increased total soluble sugars and pr...

Plants

Anthropogenic activities causing climate change and other environmental effects are lowering crop... more Anthropogenic activities causing climate change and other environmental effects are lowering crop yield by deteriorating the growing environment for crops. Rice, a globally important cereal crop, is under production threat due to climate change and land degradation. This research aims to sustainably improve rice growth and yield by using Rhodopseudomonas palustris, a plant growth-promoting bacteria that has recently gained much attention in crop production. The experiment was set up in two fields, one as a control and the other as a PNSB-treated field. The foliar application of treatment was made fortnightly until the end of the vegetative stage. Data on the growth, yield, and antioxidant enzymes were collected weekly. The results of this experiment indicate no significant differences in the plant height, root volume, average grain per panicle, biological yield, grain fertility, and antioxidant enzyme activity between the PNSB-treated and untreated plants. However, a significant inc...

Plant molecular biology, Jan 30, 2015

In the post-genomic era, many useful tools have been developed to accelerate the investigation of... more In the post-genomic era, many useful tools have been developed to accelerate the investigation of gene functions. Fluorescent proteins have been widely used as protein tags for studying the subcellular localization of proteins in plants. Several fluorescent organelle marker lines have been generated in dicot plants; however, useful and reliable fluorescent organelle marker lines are lacking in the monocot model rice. Here, we developed eight different GFP-based organelle markers in transgenic rice and created a set of DsRed-based gateway vectors for combining with the marker lines. Two mitochondrial-localized rice ascorbate peroxidase genes fused to DsRed and successfully co-localized with mitochondrial-targeted marker lines verified the practical use of this system. The co-localization of GFP-fusion marker lines and DsRed-fusion proteins provide a convenient platform for in vivo or in vitro analysis of subcellular localization of rice proteins.

Cadmium (Cd)-sensitive and -tolerant rice cultivars were used to study the role of reduced glutat... more Cadmium (Cd)-sensitive and -tolerant rice cultivars were used to study the role of reduced glutathione (GSH) in Cd-induced toxicity. Cd toxicity of rice seedlings was evaluated by the decrease in chlorophyll content and the increase in malondialehyde content in the second leaves. On treatment with 5 μM CdCl 2 for 6 days, the content of GSH decreased in the second leaves of Cd-sensitive cultivar (cv. Taichung Native 1; TN1) but not in the Cd-tolerant cultivar (cv. Tainung 67; TNG67). Moreover, Cd-reduced GSH content was prior to Cd-decreased chlorophyll content in the second leaves of TN1 seedlings. Pretreatment of TN1 seedlings with 1 mM GSH for 6 h resulted in an increase in the contents of GSH and ascorbate (AsA) and the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the second leaves of TN1 seedlings. Rice seedlings of TN1 pretreated with GSH were observed to reduce the subsequent Cd-induced toxicity. Exogenous application of the buthionine sulfoximine...

Botanical Studies

Genetics and molecular research : GMR, Jan 30, 2015

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. In Taiwan, due to th... more Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. In Taiwan, due to the warm climate, there are two harvests annually. However, the yield and quality of rice can vary between each crop season in any given year. Previous reports have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in many developmental and physiological processes in plants. In this study, the heading date characteristics of 167 rice cultivars from the second crop season were recorded, and 27 rice cultivars were selected for preliminary microarray analysis. A total of 14 miRNAs from different heading date characteristics in 21 cultivars were selected based on significant differences in their expression profiles. Using a correlation analysis between the heading date and selected miRNA expression obtained from real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, we developed a heading date prediction model. The model includes nine miRNA genes with corresponding R2 values of 0.8. To confirm the ...

Botanical Studies, 2013

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and inhibits physiological process... more Background: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and inhibits physiological processes of plants. Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient in plants. K deficiency and Cd stress represent two different abiotic stress conditions that occur in the field simultaneously. In this study, effects of K deficiency on antioxidant status and Cd toxicity in rice seedlings were investigated. Results: K deficiency significantly decreased K concentration in shoots and roots. However, fresh weight and dry weight of rice seedlings were not affected by K deficiency. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) in K-deficient leaves were higher than respective control leaves. However, K deficiency had no effect on the content of antioxidants (ascorbate and glutathione). Cd toxicity was judged by the decrease in biomass production, chlorosis, and induction of oxidative stress. Based on these criteria, we demonstrated that K deficiency protected rice seedling from Cd stress. Moreover, chlorophyll concentration was higher in K-deficient shoots and roots than their respective control shoots and roots. Conclusions: Our results indicated that K deficiency protects rice seedlings from Cd toxicity. This protective effect of K deficiency is mainly due to enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities but not inhibition of Cd uptake.