Eric Tsai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Eric Tsai

Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical, 1984

International Finance Review, 2006

ABSTRACT Conventional foreign direct investment (FDI) theories regard FDIs as strategic moves bas... more ABSTRACT Conventional foreign direct investment (FDI) theories regard FDIs as strategic moves based on operational or industrial organization considerations. We demonstrate that financial factors are also important in corporate FDI decisions. The financial factors concern internal capital market strength and corporate governance and include exchange rate changes, internal and external financing cost, risk diversification, and agency costs. There is variability in the significance of financial variables depending on industries and destinations. The integrated model with both strategic and financial factors is superior to either component model in explaining FDIs. However, financial factors are no less important in explaining the prevailing FDI phenomena than strategic or operational variables.

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, May 25, 1989

The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1988

... E. W. Tsai, T. Pajkossy,? K. Rajeshwar,* and J. R. Reynolds* Department of Chemistry, The Uni... more ... E. W. Tsai, T. Pajkossy,? K. Rajeshwar,* and J. R. Reynolds* Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 7601 9 (Received: August 20, 1987; In Final Form: January 11, 1988) ... 225. 273. (10) Tsai: E. W.; Jang, G.-W.; Rajeshwar, K. J. Chem. ...

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1987

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) data are presented for the oxidation and reduction of a series of N-aryl-... more Cyclic voltammetry (CV) data are presented for the oxidation and reduction of a series of N-aryl-P, P, P-tnphenylphospha-X5-azenes.

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1989

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1988

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1989

Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, 1987

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006

Evaporative light scattering (ELS) and refractive index (RI) detection methods were evaluated for... more Evaporative light scattering (ELS) and refractive index (RI) detection methods were evaluated for the determination of surface-bound hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) on drug particles in colloidal dispersions. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to separate HPC from other components of the dispersions. The instrumental parameters of the ELS detector were optimized to obtain maximum peak intensity, adequate peak shape and minimal baseline noise by varying the mobile phase flow rate, nebulizer temperature, and evaporation temperature. The chromatographic method was validated using both detectors. The ELS detector response exhibited second order polynomial and linear double logarithmic correlation with concentration over a 10-300% range while the RI response was linear. The double logarithmic correlation simplified the calculation compared to using the polynomial fit, and it provided more accurate results compared to the linear fit approach. Total HPC was obtained by solubilizing all components of the dispersion and analyzing for HPC. Non-bound HPC was obtained by ultracentrifuging the dispersion and analyzing the supernatant for HPC concentration. Analysis for total- and non-bound HPC in a representative colloidal dispersion gave method precisions with R.S.D.s of 2.5 and 2.2% for ELS, and 4.5 and 2.4% for RI (n=4). HPC bound to the surface of the drug particles was determined by difference: % bound HPC=100%-% non-bound HPC. Resultant % bound HPC values ranged from 22.1 to 25.4% of available HPC. Both ELS and RI are satisfactory detection techniques for HPC quantitation and for determination of the proportion of HPC bound to drug colloid particles, and the assay results are comparable.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2004

Flavors are commonly used in pharmaceutical oral solutions and oral suspensions to mask drug bitt... more Flavors are commonly used in pharmaceutical oral solutions and oral suspensions to mask drug bitterness and to make the formulation more palatable. Flavor analysis during product development is typically performed by human organoleptic analysis, which is often expensive and less objective. A novel approach using a metal oxide sensor-based instrument (electronic-nose) for headspace analysis was explored to replace human sensory perception for consistent qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavors in a pharmaceutical formulation. The use of the electronic-nose technique to qualitatively distinguish among six common flavoring agents (raspberry, red berry, strawberry, pineapple, orange, and cherry) in placebo formulations was demonstrated. The instrument was also employed to identify unknown flavors in drug formulation placebos. Raspberry flavor samples from different lots made by the same manufacturer, as well as freshly prepared and aged samples, were also distinguished by electronic-nose. Therefore, the instrument can potentially be used for identity testing of different flavor raw materials and the flavored solution formulations. The electronic-nose was also employed successfully for quantitative analysis of flavors in an oral solution formulation. The quantitative method might be used to assay the flavor concentration during release testing of the oral solution formulation or to monitor flavor shelf-life in the marketed container. It can also be implemented for packaging selection for the formulation in order to ensure the flavor shelf-life. Chemometric methodologies including principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant factorial analysis (DFA), and partial least squares (PLS), were used for data processing and identification.

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1989

Electrochemistry of some β‐Substituted Polythiophenes. [Journal of The Electrochemical Society 13... more Electrochemistry of some β‐Substituted Polythiophenes. [Journal of The Electrochemical Society 136, 3683 (1989)]. Eric W. Tsai, Sanjay Basak, Jose P. Ruiz, John R. Reynolds, Krishnan Rajeshwar. Abstract. The anodic electrochemistry ...

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1987

Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering, 2016

Rice (New York, N.Y.), 2016

Information on the effect of stress on the allele-specific expression (ASE) profile of rice hybri... more Information on the effect of stress on the allele-specific expression (ASE) profile of rice hybrids is limited. More so, the association of allelically imbalanced genes to important traits is yet to be understood. Here we assessed allelic imbalance (AI) in the heterozygote state of rice under non- and water-stress treatments and determined association of asymmetrically expressed genes with grain yield (GY) under drought stress by in-silico co-localization analysis and selective genotyping. The genotypes IR64, Apo and their F1 hybrid (IR64 × Apo) were grown under normal and water-limiting conditions. We sequenced the total RNA transcripts for all genotypes then reconstructed the two chromosomes in the heterozygote. We are able to estimate the transcript abundance of and the differential expression (DE) between the two parent-specific alleles in the rice hybrids. The magnitude and direction of AI are classified into two categories: (1) symmetrical or biallelic and (2) asymmetrical. Th...

Journal of Chromatography a, 1994

The trihydrate of alendronate sodium (MK-0217) is an important bisphosphonate drug for the treatm... more The trihydrate of alendronate sodium (MK-0217) is an important bisphosphonate drug for the treatment of a variety of bone diseases. Determination and characterization of this compound in dosage formulations is chalIenging since it has no ~hromophore, and as a highly polar and thermally labile compound, it is not amenable to electron impact mass spectrometry. Ion chromatography coupled with an ion spray mass detector (IC-BP-MS) in the negative ionization mode was developed and applied to the characterization of this compound. Under these conditions alendronate (m/z 248, [M -H] _, M = parent alendronic acid) was readily observed. The anion can form cluster anions with acid molecules including that of the alendronic acid in the gas phase, which is a distinguishing feature of the IC-ISP-MS spectrum. K-ISP-MS-MS study of the anion shows that cleavage of the C-P bond(s) is the dominant fragmentation pathwa~(s~ of the anion, characteristic of its structure.

... Wastes from Metal Plating Operations ERIC CHAI-EI TSAI and ROY NIXON Environmental Protection... more ... Wastes from Metal Plating Operations ERIC CHAI-EI TSAI and ROY NIXON Environmental Protection Conservation and Protection Western and Northern Region Environment Canada 499998 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6B 2X3 ABSTRACT ...