Erica Hunter - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Erica Hunter
Buddhist Studies Review, Jun 16, 2003
This proteiform spirit who, beginning from a humble origin, rose to the summit of the Buddhist pa... more This proteiform spirit who, beginning from a humble origin, rose to the summit of the Buddhist pantheon, is referred to in the texts by the titles of Yakṣa Vajrapāṇi, Guhyakādhipati, Malla, 'the spirit Thunderbolt-wielder, great leader of the Guhyakas, the Malla'. Here a few words of explanation are called for: Yakṣa is an elastic term: sometimes it serves to designate all the non-human beings (amanuṣya) which make up the both despised and dreaded class of the demi-gods. At other times, it is used to describe the great gods, such as Śakra, 1 Māra 2 and even the Buddha himself. 3 An infinite number of yakṣas ('beings worthy of worship') exists, terrestrial (bhauma, dwelling on the surface of the earth or underground)-aerial (ākāśastha), etc. In Buddhist cosmology, certain categories of them are also inhabitants of Mount Meru. On Mount Meru there are four terraces (pariṣaṇḍa) of 16,000, 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 yojanas, each separated from the other by 10,000 yojanas. The first three are inhabited by the karoṭapāṇi 'bowl-holding' yakṣas, the mālādhara 'garland-bearing' yakṣas and the sadāmada 'ever-drunken' yakṣas. The fourth terrace is the preserve of the Four Great Kings (caturmahārāja) who, with their entourage, form the first class of the gods of the realm of desire (kāmadhātu). 4 The Four Great Kings, also called World Guardians (lokapāla) are charged with the surveillance of the
BRILL eBooks, Jul 5, 2022
Studia orientalia electronica, 2004
In recognition of Johannes van Oort's contributions on the Christian fathers and Manichaeism.
Routledge eBooks, Dec 12, 2018
Isimu, Feb 25, 2016
The accession dates for both incantation bowls being 1841-7-26,90. 2 A. H. Layard, Discoveries in... more The accession dates for both incantation bowls being 1841-7-26,90. 2 A. H. Layard, Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babvlon (London: 1853), 521-2, for the transcription of the Syriac Estrangelo script, English translation and a hand-copy of the incantation text. He also includes on p. 526 a small line drawing of several incantation bowls, including B.M. 91712 (no. 6), which is captioned, "Inscribed Earthen Bowls from Babylon". Ibid, 509. 4 B.M.91710 and B.M. 91766 were accessioned on 185 1-9-3,2 and 1851-9-3,3. 5 Layard, loc. cit.. The two bowls were published by Layard as Text I and Text V on pp. 512-3 and 519-2 1 respectively. 6 See Plate I: Aramaic incantation bowl (B.M. 91766) from Babylon. 7 T. Harviainen, "Pagan incantations in Aramaic Magic Bowls" in Geller, op. cit., 54 sqq. for a study of the initial formulae of Aramaic, Mandaic and Syriac incantation texts.
Franz Steiner eBooks, 2014
Bloomsbury T&T Clark eBooks, Mar 24, 2015
Buddhist Studies Review, Jun 16, 2003
This proteiform spirit who, beginning from a humble origin, rose to the summit of the Buddhist pa... more This proteiform spirit who, beginning from a humble origin, rose to the summit of the Buddhist pantheon, is referred to in the texts by the titles of Yakṣa Vajrapāṇi, Guhyakādhipati, Malla, 'the spirit Thunderbolt-wielder, great leader of the Guhyakas, the Malla'. Here a few words of explanation are called for: Yakṣa is an elastic term: sometimes it serves to designate all the non-human beings (amanuṣya) which make up the both despised and dreaded class of the demi-gods. At other times, it is used to describe the great gods, such as Śakra, 1 Māra 2 and even the Buddha himself. 3 An infinite number of yakṣas ('beings worthy of worship') exists, terrestrial (bhauma, dwelling on the surface of the earth or underground)-aerial (ākāśastha), etc. In Buddhist cosmology, certain categories of them are also inhabitants of Mount Meru. On Mount Meru there are four terraces (pariṣaṇḍa) of 16,000, 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 yojanas, each separated from the other by 10,000 yojanas. The first three are inhabited by the karoṭapāṇi 'bowl-holding' yakṣas, the mālādhara 'garland-bearing' yakṣas and the sadāmada 'ever-drunken' yakṣas. The fourth terrace is the preserve of the Four Great Kings (caturmahārāja) who, with their entourage, form the first class of the gods of the realm of desire (kāmadhātu). 4 The Four Great Kings, also called World Guardians (lokapāla) are charged with the surveillance of the
BRILL eBooks, Jul 5, 2022
Studia orientalia electronica, 2004
In recognition of Johannes van Oort's contributions on the Christian fathers and Manichaeism.
Routledge eBooks, Dec 12, 2018
Isimu, Feb 25, 2016
The accession dates for both incantation bowls being 1841-7-26,90. 2 A. H. Layard, Discoveries in... more The accession dates for both incantation bowls being 1841-7-26,90. 2 A. H. Layard, Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babvlon (London: 1853), 521-2, for the transcription of the Syriac Estrangelo script, English translation and a hand-copy of the incantation text. He also includes on p. 526 a small line drawing of several incantation bowls, including B.M. 91712 (no. 6), which is captioned, "Inscribed Earthen Bowls from Babylon". Ibid, 509. 4 B.M.91710 and B.M. 91766 were accessioned on 185 1-9-3,2 and 1851-9-3,3. 5 Layard, loc. cit.. The two bowls were published by Layard as Text I and Text V on pp. 512-3 and 519-2 1 respectively. 6 See Plate I: Aramaic incantation bowl (B.M. 91766) from Babylon. 7 T. Harviainen, "Pagan incantations in Aramaic Magic Bowls" in Geller, op. cit., 54 sqq. for a study of the initial formulae of Aramaic, Mandaic and Syriac incantation texts.
Franz Steiner eBooks, 2014
Bloomsbury T&T Clark eBooks, Mar 24, 2015