Errol Crook - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Errol Crook
Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2003
ABSTRACT. Hypertension is a nutritional-hygienic disease. Long-term caloric intake in excess of e... more ABSTRACT. Hypertension is a nutritional-hygienic disease. Long-term caloric intake in excess of energy expenditures, chronic supraphysiological intake of dietary sodium, excessive alcohol consumption, and psychosocial stressors all contribute to the development of hypertension throughout the world. Elevated BP, particularly systolic BP, has been linked to multiple adverse clinical outcomes including stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency/failure, peripheral vascular disease, retinopathy, dementia, and premature mortality. These undesirable clinical outcomes are typically, although not invariably, preceded by pressure-related target-organ injury such as left ventricular hypertrophy, renal insufficiency and proteinuria. The relation of BP and CKD and, in turn, the prevention of CKD or forestalling its progression by hypertension treatment, will be the focus of this manuscript. In hypertensive persons with reduced kidney function and/or proteinuria, lowering ...
Hypertension, 2004
Race has been considered an important factor in determining blood pressure response to treatment ... more Race has been considered an important factor in determining blood pressure response to treatment and selection of antihypertensive drug therapy. Data collected during a clinical trial that evaluated rapidity of medication up-titration with blood pressure response to monotherapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor quinapril were used to characterize response in 533 black and 2046 white participants. Our objectives were to examine the influence of race and other factors on blood pressure response and to assess the degree to which nonrace factors account for apparent racial differences in response. Average systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses (baseline minus follow-up) to treatment were assessed with treatment groups combined. Crude systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses averaged 4.7 and 2.4 mm Hg less, respectively, in black compared with white participants; however, the response distributions largely overlapped. In multivariate linear regression...
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2002
The waiting list for renal transplantation has grown at an alarming rate over the last 2 decades,... more The waiting list for renal transplantation has grown at an alarming rate over the last 2 decades, resulting in increased waiting times and deaths on the waiting list. To increase the number of available organs for transplantation, aggressive public education programs have been developed. The federal government has strengthened hospital regulations ensuring referral of all potential donors to organ recovery agencies, and living donor programs no longer limit donation to genetically related donors and recipients. We present a case that illustrates the complex ethical issues that are integral to the field of transplantation and the allocation of a scarce resource: a 50-year-old man who has a daughter with end-stage renal disease has suffered a severe cerebral vascular accident but is neither braindead nor a candidate for "non-heart-beating" donation. Given his poor prognosis, should the father be able to donate his kidney to the daughter in his compromised condition? KEY INDEXING TERMS: Renal transplantation; Organ donation; Ethics; Stroke; Substituted judgment. [Am J Med Sci 2002;324(4):232-236.] Case Report Mr. B. was a 50-year-old African American male with hypertension who suffered a severe hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). He was comatose and seemed to have a poor prognosis but, given his intact brain-stem function, was unlikely to progress to brain death. His 25-year-old daughter has ESRD secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus and is on hemodialysis. The daughter's nephrologist raised the issue of living renal transplantation from father to daughter given his poor prognosis.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2004
How medical errors are handled by individual physicians and hospital systems is a topic of consid... more How medical errors are handled by individual physicians and hospital systems is a topic of considerable interest. In teaching hospitals, medical students and house officers often observe and commit mistakes. Commission of a mistake is associated with serious emotional turmoil and uncertainty among trainees as well as experienced physicians. Although disclosure is the ethical standard, the consequences of disclosure are feared by many. This article focuses on the issues that surround medical errors as they pertain to medical students and residents. It is important that this group of future physicians has appropriate training, mentoring, and support when dealing with errors.
Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2003
ABSTRACT. Hypertension is a nutritional-hygienic disease. Long-term caloric intake in excess of e... more ABSTRACT. Hypertension is a nutritional-hygienic disease. Long-term caloric intake in excess of energy expenditures, chronic supraphysiological intake of dietary sodium, excessive alcohol consumption, and psychosocial stressors all contribute to the development of hypertension throughout the world. Elevated BP, particularly systolic BP, has been linked to multiple adverse clinical outcomes including stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency/failure, peripheral vascular disease, retinopathy, dementia, and premature mortality. These undesirable clinical outcomes are typically, although not invariably, preceded by pressure-related target-organ injury such as left ventricular hypertrophy, renal insufficiency and proteinuria. The relation of BP and CKD and, in turn, the prevention of CKD or forestalling its progression by hypertension treatment, will be the focus of this manuscript. In hypertensive persons with reduced kidney function and/or proteinuria, lowering ...
Hypertension, 2004
Race has been considered an important factor in determining blood pressure response to treatment ... more Race has been considered an important factor in determining blood pressure response to treatment and selection of antihypertensive drug therapy. Data collected during a clinical trial that evaluated rapidity of medication up-titration with blood pressure response to monotherapy with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor quinapril were used to characterize response in 533 black and 2046 white participants. Our objectives were to examine the influence of race and other factors on blood pressure response and to assess the degree to which nonrace factors account for apparent racial differences in response. Average systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses (baseline minus follow-up) to treatment were assessed with treatment groups combined. Crude systolic and diastolic blood pressure responses averaged 4.7 and 2.4 mm Hg less, respectively, in black compared with white participants; however, the response distributions largely overlapped. In multivariate linear regression...
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2002
The waiting list for renal transplantation has grown at an alarming rate over the last 2 decades,... more The waiting list for renal transplantation has grown at an alarming rate over the last 2 decades, resulting in increased waiting times and deaths on the waiting list. To increase the number of available organs for transplantation, aggressive public education programs have been developed. The federal government has strengthened hospital regulations ensuring referral of all potential donors to organ recovery agencies, and living donor programs no longer limit donation to genetically related donors and recipients. We present a case that illustrates the complex ethical issues that are integral to the field of transplantation and the allocation of a scarce resource: a 50-year-old man who has a daughter with end-stage renal disease has suffered a severe cerebral vascular accident but is neither braindead nor a candidate for "non-heart-beating" donation. Given his poor prognosis, should the father be able to donate his kidney to the daughter in his compromised condition? KEY INDEXING TERMS: Renal transplantation; Organ donation; Ethics; Stroke; Substituted judgment. [Am J Med Sci 2002;324(4):232-236.] Case Report Mr. B. was a 50-year-old African American male with hypertension who suffered a severe hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). He was comatose and seemed to have a poor prognosis but, given his intact brain-stem function, was unlikely to progress to brain death. His 25-year-old daughter has ESRD secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus and is on hemodialysis. The daughter's nephrologist raised the issue of living renal transplantation from father to daughter given his poor prognosis.
The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 2004
How medical errors are handled by individual physicians and hospital systems is a topic of consid... more How medical errors are handled by individual physicians and hospital systems is a topic of considerable interest. In teaching hospitals, medical students and house officers often observe and commit mistakes. Commission of a mistake is associated with serious emotional turmoil and uncertainty among trainees as well as experienced physicians. Although disclosure is the ethical standard, the consequences of disclosure are feared by many. This article focuses on the issues that surround medical errors as they pertain to medical students and residents. It is important that this group of future physicians has appropriate training, mentoring, and support when dealing with errors.