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Papers by Richard Esser

Research paper thumbnail of A Meteoritic Event Layer in Antarctic Ice

Meteoritics, Aug 30, 1995

Where the East Antarctic ice sheet meets the Transantarctic Mountains, old, deep glacial ice is t... more Where the East Antarctic ice sheet meets the Transantarctic Mountains, old, deep glacial ice is tilted upward and exposed.Within this visible cross-section of the ice sheet, layers of dark volcanic tephra serve as stratigraphic markers and datable age horizons [1,2]. Systematic sampling of these layers at a well-known meteorite collection site (the Allan Hills Main icefield) has revealed a band consisting of unusually dark and rounded particles, many of which are spheroidal. This debris layer (BIT- 58) extends parallel to the stratigraphy of the ice established from the tephra bands, and thus apparently marks a single depositional event. Several kg of ice from two sites along this band were subsequently collected and melted, yielding a few grams of sediment for further study. Microscopic examination of sieved samples reveals that roughly 95% of the particles consist of a singular olivine-rich hyaloclastic litholo gy; more that 40% of these are spheroidal. The remaining 5% of the sediment consists of grains derived from local bedrock exposures. Particles range in size from sub-micrometer to over 100 micrometers in diameter, with a strong mode around 85 micrometers suggesting sorting by aeolian processes. However, preservation of delicate particle morphologies such as small parasitic spheres suggests that saltation and/or abrasion was limited. A representative group of particles was mounted in epoxy and sectioned for subsequent electron microprobe analysis. All particles show a mixture of three dominant phases; euhedral and/or skeletal olivine, an Fe-rich glass mesostasis, and abundant Fe-Ni opaques (mostly metals and sulfides). There is a strong correlation between particle shape and the size of olivine grains: angular particles contain larger, more distinct (presumably relict) grains, while the most spheroidal particles are so fine-grained they appear homogenous at this scale. Defocused beam major-element analyses of spheroidal particles show good agreement with bulk H chondrite composition (Table 1). Euhedral olivine grains also correspond to typical H-chondrite composition with Mg-rich cores around 17% Fa zoned to rims of 24% Fa near contact with Fe-rich glass. Opaques include some relatively exotic Ni-rich phases, such as a Ni3S2 / gamma Ni,Fe assemblage. Although direct evidence of an extraterrestrial origin for this debris layer (such as the presence of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al ) has not yet been obtained, the available data strongly suggest that this sediment originated as meteoritic spallation debris. This debris is distinct from other Antarctic "cosmic dust" collections by virtue of its uniform, recognizable ordinary chondrite composition and the consistent relation shown between grain- size and texture. The BIT-58 layer probably originated from a single transient event, the passage and/or impact of a single large meteorite over the East Antarctic ice sheet. Ar-Ar dating of the tephra layers that bracket the BIT-58 layer should yield a well-constrained age for this event. References: [1] Dunbar N. W. et al. (1995) Abstracts for IUGG XXI General Assembly, in press. [2] Dunbar N. W. et al. (1995) Intl. Symp. Antarc. Earth Sciences VII, in press. [3] Jarosewich E. (1990) Meteoritics, 25, 323-338. Table 1 shows a comparison between average bulk major element composition of debris layer spherules and H chondrite falls. +/- values represent sample standard deviation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Excess argon in melt inclusions in zero-age anorthoclase feldspar from Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, as revealed by the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar method *1

Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1997

Historically erupted (1984) anorthoclase phenocrysts from Mt. Erebus yield K/Ar and 40Ar/40Ar app... more Historically erupted (1984) anorthoclase phenocrysts from Mt. Erebus yield K/Ar and 40Ar/40Ar apparent ages as old as 700 ka indicating the presence of excess argon. 40Ar/39Ar furnace step heating results from anorthoclase reveal a positive correlation between the Cl/K ratio and apparent age. Because chlorine (up to 1700 ppm) is present in melt inclusions but not in the anorthoclase crystal lattice, this correlation suggests that the excess argon is associated with melt inclusions trapped within the anorthoclase during rapid crystal growth. Confirmation of the source of excess argon comes from step-heating experiments on multiple anorthoclase aliquots separated from two phenocrysts and one glass aliquot prepared from the matrix of a volcanic bomb. The anorthoclase phenocrysts were crushed and HF etched to yield aliquots containing 30%, 10%, and 1 % melt inclusions. The step-heated anorthoclase with 30% and 10% melt inclusions yielded the highest Cl/K ratios and apparent integrated ages of 640 ± 30 ka and 179 ± 16 ka, respectively. The anorthoclase with I% melt inclusions yielded significantly lower Cl/K ratios and apparent integrated ages of 48 ± 8 ka and 50 ± 30 ka. The step-heated volcanic glass yielded the least variable Cl/K ratios and a total gas age of 101 ± 16 ka. Argon released from the anorthoclase and the trapped melt inclusions can be distinguished by differences in their degassing behavior, allowing geologically more reasonable ages to be obtained. Melt inclusions exposed on the exterior of anorthoclase grains principally degas during furnace extraction at temperatures less than 1200°C. Inclusions entirely within anorthoclase grains principally degas at temperatures greater than 1200°C when incongruent melting of the anorthoclase allows melt inclusion hosted excess argon to escape. Anorthoclase aliquots prepared with less than 1% inclusions can be fitted with a plateau for heating steps below 1200°C to yield ages as young as 8 ± 2 ka, whereas steps above 1200°C yield ages in excess of 100 ka. However, anorthoclase aliquots containing 10-30% melt inclusions yield ages in excess of 200 ka for heating steps below 1200°C. Minimizing the effects of the excess argon from melt inclusions relies on sample preparation and step-heating. Fine crushing and treatment with hydrofluoric acid removes many of the larger melt inclusions. Small melt inclusions which remain within the anorthoclase degas primarily at temperatures above 1200°C. Temperatures below 1200°C yield the most accurate ages. Attempts at post-analytically correcting for the chlorine-correlated excess argon are hindered by the variations in 40Ar E/Cl within and between samples. Elevated 40Ar E/Cl ratios in bubbles within the melt inclusions, as deduced from in vacuo crushing experiments, are the most likely cause for some or all of a sample's total 40Ar E/Cl variation. In addition, relative solubilities of argon and chlorine within phonolitic melts may be partly responsible for variations in 40Ar E/Cl.

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Research paper thumbnail of Real-time data received from Mount Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2004

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Research paper thumbnail of Eruptive environment of volcanism on Brabant Island: Evidence for thin wet-based ice in northern Antarctic Peninsula during the Late Quaternary

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2006

Terrestrial volcanism occurred extensively on Brabant Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula, durin... more Terrestrial volcanism occurred extensively on Brabant Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula, during the Late Quaternary (<200 ka; probably entirely Late Pleistocene). Two compositionally distinct volcanic sequences formed three large shield volcanoes. The volcanoes were constructed in association with a <150 m-thick, non-ice stream glacial cover, although it was likely to be thicker (few hundred metres) where it extended onto the continental

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Research paper thumbnail of 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and tectonic setting of three episodes of Cretaceous-Eocene calc-alkaline magmatism in the Lake Clark Region, southwestern Alaska

Special Paper 431: Tectonic Growth of a Collisional Continental Margin: Crustal Evolution of Southern Alaska, 2007

... Matthew Heizler Richard Esser New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, Ne... more ... Matthew Heizler Richard Esser New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA ... igneous rocks in southwestern Alaska generally are postulated to be related to arc magmatism (Hudson, 1979, 1983; Miller, 1994; Moll-Stalcup, 1994). ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Mitigation planning for large-scale storage projects: multiple injection zones and reservoir pressure reduction engineering design

Energy Procedia, 2009

Effective mitigation plans are an absolutely critical component of mitigation plans for commercia... more Effective mitigation plans are an absolutely critical component of mitigation plans for commercial-scale geologic carbon sequestration. One fundamental component of mitigation engineering design is immediate reduction of reservoir pressure. The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) is employing immediate reservoir pressure reduction as a primary mitigation tool in our geologic sequestration field projects. We are also employing multiple injection

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Research paper thumbnail of Role of correlation structures of permeability field on residual trapping mechanisms and buoyancy-driven CO2 migration

Energy Procedia, 2009

Previous research suggests that for many geological CO2 sequestration reservoirs, up to 60% of th... more Previous research suggests that for many geological CO2 sequestration reservoirs, up to 60% of the injected CO2 will be trapped by capillary forces (irreducible saturation), a mechanism termed residual CO2 trapping. More specifically, our recent models of ongoing field tests of geological sequestration suggest that residual CO2 trapping can be maximized if the CO2 plume rises a greater distance due to buoyancy

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Research paper thumbnail of CO{sub 2} Sequestration Capacity and Associated Aspects of the Most Promising Geologic Formations in the Rocky Mountain Region: Local-Scale Analyses

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Research paper thumbnail of Rocky Mountain Regional CO{sub 2} Storage Capacity and Significance

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Research paper thumbnail of Sensitivity Study of Simulation Parameters Controlling CO2 Trapping Mechanisms in Saline Formations

Transport in Porous Media, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Six million years of glacial history recorded in volcanic lithofacies of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group, Antarctic Peninsula

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2008

... less well appreciated that palaeoenvironmental information is also commonly retained by volca... more ... less well appreciated that palaeoenvironmental information is also commonly retained by volcanoes (especially mafic volcanoes: Smellie, in press) that interacted with a glacial cover (eg [Smellie et al., 1993] , [Smellie, 2000] , [Smellie, 2006] , [Wilch and McIntosh, 2000] , [Wilch ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Late Neogene interglacial events in the James Ross Island region, northern Antarctic Peninsula, dated by Ar/Ar and Sr-isotope stratigraphy

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of The Origin of HIMU in the SW Pacific: Evidence from Intraplate Volcanism in Southern New Zealand and Subantarctic Islands

Journal of Petrology, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of Meteoritic event recorded in Antarctic ice

Geology, 1998

Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026&lt;0607:MERIAI&gt;2.3.CO;2 1998;26;607-61... more Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026&lt;0607:MERIAI&gt;2.3.CO;2 1998;26;607-610 Geology Taylor and Marc W. Caffee Ralph P. Harvey, Nelia W. Dunbar, William C. McIntosh, Richard P. Esser, Kuni Nishiizumi, Susan Meteoritic event recorded in Antarctic ice ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Physical setting and tephrochronology of the summit caldera ice record at Mount Moulton, West Antarctica

Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2008

Skip to main page content. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Excess argon in melt inclusions in zero-age anorthoclase feldspar from Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, as revealed by the method

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997

... Kyle PR, Moore JA, and Thirlwall MF (1992) Petrologic Evo lution of Anorthoclase Phonolite La... more ... Kyle PR, Moore JA, and Thirlwall MF (1992) Petrologic Evo lution of Anorthoclase Phonolite Lavas at Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica. J. Petrol. 33, 849875. McDougall I. (1981) 4)Ar 39Ar age spectra from the KBS Tuff, Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, northern Kenya. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of 40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse

Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004

Abstract Eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region of Mount Erebus over the last 95 ky,... more Abstract Eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region of Mount Erebus over the last 95 ky, and has in- cluded numerous lava flows and small explosive erup- tions, at least one plinian eruption, and at least one and probably ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Palaeomagnetic, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, and stratigraphical correlation of Miocene–Pliocene basalts in the Brandy Bay area, James Ross Island, Antarctica

Antarctic Science, 2005

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Research paper thumbnail of A Meteoritic Event Layer in Antarctic Ice

Meteoritics, Aug 30, 1995

Where the East Antarctic ice sheet meets the Transantarctic Mountains, old, deep glacial ice is t... more Where the East Antarctic ice sheet meets the Transantarctic Mountains, old, deep glacial ice is tilted upward and exposed.Within this visible cross-section of the ice sheet, layers of dark volcanic tephra serve as stratigraphic markers and datable age horizons [1,2]. Systematic sampling of these layers at a well-known meteorite collection site (the Allan Hills Main icefield) has revealed a band consisting of unusually dark and rounded particles, many of which are spheroidal. This debris layer (BIT- 58) extends parallel to the stratigraphy of the ice established from the tephra bands, and thus apparently marks a single depositional event. Several kg of ice from two sites along this band were subsequently collected and melted, yielding a few grams of sediment for further study. Microscopic examination of sieved samples reveals that roughly 95% of the particles consist of a singular olivine-rich hyaloclastic litholo gy; more that 40% of these are spheroidal. The remaining 5% of the sediment consists of grains derived from local bedrock exposures. Particles range in size from sub-micrometer to over 100 micrometers in diameter, with a strong mode around 85 micrometers suggesting sorting by aeolian processes. However, preservation of delicate particle morphologies such as small parasitic spheres suggests that saltation and/or abrasion was limited. A representative group of particles was mounted in epoxy and sectioned for subsequent electron microprobe analysis. All particles show a mixture of three dominant phases; euhedral and/or skeletal olivine, an Fe-rich glass mesostasis, and abundant Fe-Ni opaques (mostly metals and sulfides). There is a strong correlation between particle shape and the size of olivine grains: angular particles contain larger, more distinct (presumably relict) grains, while the most spheroidal particles are so fine-grained they appear homogenous at this scale. Defocused beam major-element analyses of spheroidal particles show good agreement with bulk H chondrite composition (Table 1). Euhedral olivine grains also correspond to typical H-chondrite composition with Mg-rich cores around 17% Fa zoned to rims of 24% Fa near contact with Fe-rich glass. Opaques include some relatively exotic Ni-rich phases, such as a Ni3S2 / gamma Ni,Fe assemblage. Although direct evidence of an extraterrestrial origin for this debris layer (such as the presence of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al ) has not yet been obtained, the available data strongly suggest that this sediment originated as meteoritic spallation debris. This debris is distinct from other Antarctic "cosmic dust" collections by virtue of its uniform, recognizable ordinary chondrite composition and the consistent relation shown between grain- size and texture. The BIT-58 layer probably originated from a single transient event, the passage and/or impact of a single large meteorite over the East Antarctic ice sheet. Ar-Ar dating of the tephra layers that bracket the BIT-58 layer should yield a well-constrained age for this event. References: [1] Dunbar N. W. et al. (1995) Abstracts for IUGG XXI General Assembly, in press. [2] Dunbar N. W. et al. (1995) Intl. Symp. Antarc. Earth Sciences VII, in press. [3] Jarosewich E. (1990) Meteoritics, 25, 323-338. Table 1 shows a comparison between average bulk major element composition of debris layer spherules and H chondrite falls. +/- values represent sample standard deviation.

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Research paper thumbnail of Excess argon in melt inclusions in zero-age anorthoclase feldspar from Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, as revealed by the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar method *1

Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1997

Historically erupted (1984) anorthoclase phenocrysts from Mt. Erebus yield K/Ar and 40Ar/40Ar app... more Historically erupted (1984) anorthoclase phenocrysts from Mt. Erebus yield K/Ar and 40Ar/40Ar apparent ages as old as 700 ka indicating the presence of excess argon. 40Ar/39Ar furnace step heating results from anorthoclase reveal a positive correlation between the Cl/K ratio and apparent age. Because chlorine (up to 1700 ppm) is present in melt inclusions but not in the anorthoclase crystal lattice, this correlation suggests that the excess argon is associated with melt inclusions trapped within the anorthoclase during rapid crystal growth. Confirmation of the source of excess argon comes from step-heating experiments on multiple anorthoclase aliquots separated from two phenocrysts and one glass aliquot prepared from the matrix of a volcanic bomb. The anorthoclase phenocrysts were crushed and HF etched to yield aliquots containing 30%, 10%, and 1 % melt inclusions. The step-heated anorthoclase with 30% and 10% melt inclusions yielded the highest Cl/K ratios and apparent integrated ages of 640 ± 30 ka and 179 ± 16 ka, respectively. The anorthoclase with I% melt inclusions yielded significantly lower Cl/K ratios and apparent integrated ages of 48 ± 8 ka and 50 ± 30 ka. The step-heated volcanic glass yielded the least variable Cl/K ratios and a total gas age of 101 ± 16 ka. Argon released from the anorthoclase and the trapped melt inclusions can be distinguished by differences in their degassing behavior, allowing geologically more reasonable ages to be obtained. Melt inclusions exposed on the exterior of anorthoclase grains principally degas during furnace extraction at temperatures less than 1200°C. Inclusions entirely within anorthoclase grains principally degas at temperatures greater than 1200°C when incongruent melting of the anorthoclase allows melt inclusion hosted excess argon to escape. Anorthoclase aliquots prepared with less than 1% inclusions can be fitted with a plateau for heating steps below 1200°C to yield ages as young as 8 ± 2 ka, whereas steps above 1200°C yield ages in excess of 100 ka. However, anorthoclase aliquots containing 10-30% melt inclusions yield ages in excess of 200 ka for heating steps below 1200°C. Minimizing the effects of the excess argon from melt inclusions relies on sample preparation and step-heating. Fine crushing and treatment with hydrofluoric acid removes many of the larger melt inclusions. Small melt inclusions which remain within the anorthoclase degas primarily at temperatures above 1200°C. Temperatures below 1200°C yield the most accurate ages. Attempts at post-analytically correcting for the chlorine-correlated excess argon are hindered by the variations in 40Ar E/Cl within and between samples. Elevated 40Ar E/Cl ratios in bubbles within the melt inclusions, as deduced from in vacuo crushing experiments, are the most likely cause for some or all of a sample's total 40Ar E/Cl variation. In addition, relative solubilities of argon and chlorine within phonolitic melts may be partly responsible for variations in 40Ar E/Cl.

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Research paper thumbnail of Real-time data received from Mount Erebus Volcano, Antarctica

Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2004

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Research paper thumbnail of Eruptive environment of volcanism on Brabant Island: Evidence for thin wet-based ice in northern Antarctic Peninsula during the Late Quaternary

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, 2006

Terrestrial volcanism occurred extensively on Brabant Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula, durin... more Terrestrial volcanism occurred extensively on Brabant Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula, during the Late Quaternary (<200 ka; probably entirely Late Pleistocene). Two compositionally distinct volcanic sequences formed three large shield volcanoes. The volcanoes were constructed in association with a <150 m-thick, non-ice stream glacial cover, although it was likely to be thicker (few hundred metres) where it extended onto the continental

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Research paper thumbnail of 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and tectonic setting of three episodes of Cretaceous-Eocene calc-alkaline magmatism in the Lake Clark Region, southwestern Alaska

Special Paper 431: Tectonic Growth of a Collisional Continental Margin: Crustal Evolution of Southern Alaska, 2007

... Matthew Heizler Richard Esser New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, Ne... more ... Matthew Heizler Richard Esser New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA ... igneous rocks in southwestern Alaska generally are postulated to be related to arc magmatism (Hudson, 1979, 1983; Miller, 1994; Moll-Stalcup, 1994). ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Mitigation planning for large-scale storage projects: multiple injection zones and reservoir pressure reduction engineering design

Energy Procedia, 2009

Effective mitigation plans are an absolutely critical component of mitigation plans for commercia... more Effective mitigation plans are an absolutely critical component of mitigation plans for commercial-scale geologic carbon sequestration. One fundamental component of mitigation engineering design is immediate reduction of reservoir pressure. The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration (SWP) is employing immediate reservoir pressure reduction as a primary mitigation tool in our geologic sequestration field projects. We are also employing multiple injection

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Research paper thumbnail of Role of correlation structures of permeability field on residual trapping mechanisms and buoyancy-driven CO2 migration

Energy Procedia, 2009

Previous research suggests that for many geological CO2 sequestration reservoirs, up to 60% of th... more Previous research suggests that for many geological CO2 sequestration reservoirs, up to 60% of the injected CO2 will be trapped by capillary forces (irreducible saturation), a mechanism termed residual CO2 trapping. More specifically, our recent models of ongoing field tests of geological sequestration suggest that residual CO2 trapping can be maximized if the CO2 plume rises a greater distance due to buoyancy

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Research paper thumbnail of CO{sub 2} Sequestration Capacity and Associated Aspects of the Most Promising Geologic Formations in the Rocky Mountain Region: Local-Scale Analyses

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Rocky Mountain Regional CO{sub 2} Storage Capacity and Significance

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Sensitivity Study of Simulation Parameters Controlling CO2 Trapping Mechanisms in Saline Formations

Transport in Porous Media, 2011

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Research paper thumbnail of Six million years of glacial history recorded in volcanic lithofacies of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group, Antarctic Peninsula

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2008

... less well appreciated that palaeoenvironmental information is also commonly retained by volca... more ... less well appreciated that palaeoenvironmental information is also commonly retained by volcanoes (especially mafic volcanoes: Smellie, in press) that interacted with a glacial cover (eg [Smellie et al., 1993] , [Smellie, 2000] , [Smellie, 2006] , [Wilch and McIntosh, 2000] , [Wilch ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Late Neogene interglacial events in the James Ross Island region, northern Antarctic Peninsula, dated by Ar/Ar and Sr-isotope stratigraphy

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of The Origin of HIMU in the SW Pacific: Evidence from Intraplate Volcanism in Southern New Zealand and Subantarctic Islands

Journal of Petrology, 2006

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Research paper thumbnail of Meteoritic event recorded in Antarctic ice

Geology, 1998

Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026&lt;0607:MERIAI&gt;2.3.CO;2 1998;26;607-61... more Page 1. Geology doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026&lt;0607:MERIAI&gt;2.3.CO;2 1998;26;607-610 Geology Taylor and Marc W. Caffee Ralph P. Harvey, Nelia W. Dunbar, William C. McIntosh, Richard P. Esser, Kuni Nishiizumi, Susan Meteoritic event recorded in Antarctic ice ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Physical setting and tephrochronology of the summit caldera ice record at Mount Moulton, West Antarctica

Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2008

Skip to main page content. ...

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

Research paper thumbnail of Excess argon in melt inclusions in zero-age anorthoclase feldspar from Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, as revealed by the method

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997

... Kyle PR, Moore JA, and Thirlwall MF (1992) Petrologic Evo lution of Anorthoclase Phonolite La... more ... Kyle PR, Moore JA, and Thirlwall MF (1992) Petrologic Evo lution of Anorthoclase Phonolite Lavas at Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica. J. Petrol. 33, 849875. McDougall I. (1981) 4)Ar 39Ar age spectra from the KBS Tuff, Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, northern Kenya. ...

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Research paper thumbnail of 40Ar/39Ar dating of the eruptive history of Mount Erebus, Antarctica: summit flows, tephra, and caldera collapse

Bulletin of Volcanology, 2004

Abstract Eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region of Mount Erebus over the last 95 ky,... more Abstract Eruptive activity has occurred in the summit region of Mount Erebus over the last 95 ky, and has in- cluded numerous lava flows and small explosive erup- tions, at least one plinian eruption, and at least one and probably ...

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Research paper thumbnail of Palaeomagnetic, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, and stratigraphical correlation of Miocene–Pliocene basalts in the Brandy Bay area, James Ross Island, Antarctica

Antarctic Science, 2005

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