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Papers by Essolé Padayodi

Journal of Scientific Research

ABSTRACT Not only clay based construction materials are biodegradable, but they allow energy savi... more ABSTRACT Not only clay based construction materials are biodegradable, but they allow energy saving in home heating thanks to their thermal isolation properties. However, their manufacturing is a high energy consumption process that contributes to greenhouse gases emission. This paper aims to study the rheology of clay pastes in order to develop low energy consumption manufacturing processes. A Finite Elements simulation model is developed to predict deformations of clay pastes during compaction and stresses occurring within the clay structure. Experimental clay samples compaction is carried out under variable loadings in order to determine the suitable low energy consumption loading for clay based materials processing. This study is carried out within the framework of a cooperative research project including following laboratories: Systèmes et Transport (SeT-UTBM/Belfort, France); Civil and Materials Engineering Department/Royal Military School of Brussels (Belgium) and "Centre de la Construction et du Logement/Unité de Recherche sur les Matériaux et les Agroressources" (CCL/URMA, Togo).

ABSTRACT Résumé Avant tout pédagogique & de recherche, ce livre a pour but de sensibilise... more ABSTRACT Résumé Avant tout pédagogique & de recherche, ce livre a pour but de sensibiliser le lecteur aux nouveaux enjeux du Développement Durable en lui apportant les connaissances nécessaires pour l'utilisation et la valorisation des ressources naturelles (argiles et fibres végétales) dans l'élaboration des produits et matériaux de construction innovants à faible impact carbone; ceci dans une démarche écobénéficiaire conciliant les traditions artisanales d'utilisation des argiles et des fibres naturelles (poterie, art, vannerie, corderie...) et les techniques modernes de conception d'innovation et de construction respectueuses de la santé humaine et de l'environnement: facteur important pour les marchés mergents des pays en voie de développement où ces ressources sont abondantes et disponibles.

Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental re... more Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental results were obtained on four types of clays from various sites in Togo, West Africa (where they are traditionally used in house construction), to understand the rheological behaviour of these materials and the effects of the heat treatment on them, in order to optimize the process of structures manufacture. Four types of clays show very different behaviours, and the observed origin of sample cracking is compatible with the stress distribution in the structures. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 © Научно технический центр «TATA», 2008 Y. Gagou, E. Padayodi, K.-E. Atcholi, P. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008

Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental re... more Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental results were obtained on four types of clays from various sites in Togo, West Africa (where they are traditionally used in house construction), to understand the rheological behaviour of these materials and the effects of the heat treatment on them, in order to optimize the process of structures manufacture. Four types of clays show very different behaviours, and the observed origin of sample cracking is compatible with the stress distribution in the structures. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 © Научно технический центр «TATA», 2008 Y. Gagou, E. Padayodi, K.-E. Atcholi, P. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008

ABSTRACT In addition to the more and more increasing problem of housing needs in developing count... more ABSTRACT In addition to the more and more increasing problem of housing needs in developing countries, new environmentally friendly requirements in building field become a crucial challenge for these countries. Those ones have ecological traditional raw materials such as clays, stones, renewable biomass … that are available and abundant and represent an opportunity for manufacturing less expensive and environmentally friendly construction materials. That is the case of the Togo (West Africa) who has six great deposits of clays that are not exploited. The paper deals with these six tropical clays in order to develop new processing of clay based construction materials such as bricks, roof and floor tiles, etc., for building needs in developing countries. In this paper, physical and thermo-mechanical characterizations are carried out on these clays structures fired at 500°C, 850°C and 1060°C. This allows to establish relationships between physical properties and mechanical characteristics of clay structures and to define the feasibility of these raw materials using in building materials manufacture.

ABSTRACT The study is part of a project that aims to develop bio-sourced composites and agro-mate... more ABSTRACT The study is part of a project that aims to develop bio-sourced composites and agro-materials, that are biodegradable and recyclable so to reduce the negative impact of synthetic materials on nature. In this perspective, some results of a prospective study are presented, as well as a qualitative evaluation of properties of natural binders and resins in Grewia venusta stem bark and Bombax costatum calyx flower sepal. These two mucilaginous plants are studied as potential bio adhesive sources in the development of formaldehyde-free particleboard. Mucilage and pectin fractions of both plant organs are analysed for monosaccharides identification and quantification. The binding properties of these mucilages are investigated by mechanical testing of particleboard made with the extracted mucilages.

Mechanics & Industry, 2014

ABSTRACT The air is modeled as incompressible flow in a ribbed channel. The existence of ribs on ... more ABSTRACT The air is modeled as incompressible flow in a ribbed channel. The existence of ribs on channel surface causes the turbulence in flow, therefore we must solve the turbulence equations. There are previous experimentally investigations on turbulence flow in ribbed channels. In this article, the results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental results and the effectiveness of k-epsilon model in solving the problem of micro-particle deposition with Lagrangian model is studied because of complexities of turbulent flow, the problem is modeled both 2- and 3-dimensionally. After solving the fluid domain, the particle equations of motion are solved separately and finally the particle deposition on channel surface is calculated. Considering the physic and complications of turbulent flows, the results of 2-D simulation are different with experimental results, despite of 3-D results, which are in complete accordance with experimental results.

International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 2008

Available almost everywhere, therefore economic and even so durable, clays have stimulated the cr... more Available almost everywhere, therefore economic and even so durable, clays have stimulated the creativity of men who have imagined since millennia and under all latitudes, multiple processes to develop pottery (faïence enameled, porcelain, ceramics) and construction materials. These materials compete with modern materials in civil engineering for important construction works such as bridges, roads, tunnels, monuments etc. In state-of-the-art technologies, clay ceramics are used as anti-thermal coatings: turbine vanes, etc... The weakness of our scientific knowledge limits applications of these natural materials. This study on tropical clays, has for objective on one hand to develop new processing of construction materials for lodging needs that are more and more increasing in the developing countries, and the other hand to develop new refractory materials, anti-thermal coatings or ceramic prostheses. This study is part of a research program and academic cooperation between the laboratories LMARC-). In this paper, we present an experimental modelling of a clay matrix drying in order to better understand and resolve material deformations and cracking. The complex behaviour of the clay during drying, leads us to propose two complementary approaches: an experimental approach that allows to establish the drying kinetic and a modelling of moisture transfer in a clay matrix in order to optimise the drying. A diffusive model based on Fick's laws allowed to highlight the internal stresses causing matrixes damage.

Biosourced composite are being developed for lightweight uses in many industrial sectors, namely ... more Biosourced composite are being developed for lightweight uses in many industrial sectors, namely the automotive, aeronautic, sport equipments, etc. But these materials may need improvements of their properties and processes to reach their full commercial potential. In particular, the polar character of natural fibers is the main cause of the incompatibility with some matrixes. The objective of this paper is to improve the properties of flax fibers/polyester composites by Corona discharge treatment. The mechanical properties of composites reinforced with treated fibers and composites reinforced with untreated fibers are compared to highlight the effect of Corona discharge. For the compatibility effect of this treatment, analyzes of fibers, such as FT-IR spectra analysis, topography analysis, SEM analysis, allowed to compare the treated and untreated fibers.

Engineering, 2011

A model is considered as a representation of compressive and incompressive elastomeric materials ... more A model is considered as a representation of compressive and incompressive elastomeric materials in nonlinear behavior. Applications are done on one hand by the characterisation of polyurethane 60 -65 shore A (a compressive material), and on the other hand by the characterisation of polyurethane 95 shore A and fluorosilicone, both incompressive materials. The Rivlin energy expression is used for incompressive materials. Linear vibrations superposed on static large deformation, which is most often the real using state of elastomeric materials, are studied. Relative experimental and numerical results presented show good predictions.

Journal of Scientific Research

ABSTRACT Not only clay based construction materials are biodegradable, but they allow energy savi... more ABSTRACT Not only clay based construction materials are biodegradable, but they allow energy saving in home heating thanks to their thermal isolation properties. However, their manufacturing is a high energy consumption process that contributes to greenhouse gases emission. This paper aims to study the rheology of clay pastes in order to develop low energy consumption manufacturing processes. A Finite Elements simulation model is developed to predict deformations of clay pastes during compaction and stresses occurring within the clay structure. Experimental clay samples compaction is carried out under variable loadings in order to determine the suitable low energy consumption loading for clay based materials processing. This study is carried out within the framework of a cooperative research project including following laboratories: Systèmes et Transport (SeT-UTBM/Belfort, France); Civil and Materials Engineering Department/Royal Military School of Brussels (Belgium) and "Centre de la Construction et du Logement/Unité de Recherche sur les Matériaux et les Agroressources" (CCL/URMA, Togo).

ABSTRACT Résumé Avant tout pédagogique & de recherche, ce livre a pour but de sensibilise... more ABSTRACT Résumé Avant tout pédagogique & de recherche, ce livre a pour but de sensibiliser le lecteur aux nouveaux enjeux du Développement Durable en lui apportant les connaissances nécessaires pour l'utilisation et la valorisation des ressources naturelles (argiles et fibres végétales) dans l'élaboration des produits et matériaux de construction innovants à faible impact carbone; ceci dans une démarche écobénéficiaire conciliant les traditions artisanales d'utilisation des argiles et des fibres naturelles (poterie, art, vannerie, corderie...) et les techniques modernes de conception d'innovation et de construction respectueuses de la santé humaine et de l'environnement: facteur important pour les marchés mergents des pays en voie de développement où ces ressources sont abondantes et disponibles.

Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental re... more Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental results were obtained on four types of clays from various sites in Togo, West Africa (where they are traditionally used in house construction), to understand the rheological behaviour of these materials and the effects of the heat treatment on them, in order to optimize the process of structures manufacture. Four types of clays show very different behaviours, and the observed origin of sample cracking is compatible with the stress distribution in the structures. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 © Научно технический центр «TATA», 2008 Y. Gagou, E. Padayodi, K.-E. Atcholi, P. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008

Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental re... more Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 Experimental results were obtained on four types of clays from various sites in Togo, West Africa (where they are traditionally used in house construction), to understand the rheological behaviour of these materials and the effects of the heat treatment on them, in order to optimize the process of structures manufacture. Four types of clays show very different behaviours, and the observed origin of sample cracking is compatible with the stress distribution in the structures. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008 © Научно технический центр «TATA», 2008 Y. Gagou, E. Padayodi, K.-E. Atcholi, P. Saint-Grégoire. Study of the mechanical behaviour of clay, a natural material for construction Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 6 (62) 2008

ABSTRACT In addition to the more and more increasing problem of housing needs in developing count... more ABSTRACT In addition to the more and more increasing problem of housing needs in developing countries, new environmentally friendly requirements in building field become a crucial challenge for these countries. Those ones have ecological traditional raw materials such as clays, stones, renewable biomass … that are available and abundant and represent an opportunity for manufacturing less expensive and environmentally friendly construction materials. That is the case of the Togo (West Africa) who has six great deposits of clays that are not exploited. The paper deals with these six tropical clays in order to develop new processing of clay based construction materials such as bricks, roof and floor tiles, etc., for building needs in developing countries. In this paper, physical and thermo-mechanical characterizations are carried out on these clays structures fired at 500°C, 850°C and 1060°C. This allows to establish relationships between physical properties and mechanical characteristics of clay structures and to define the feasibility of these raw materials using in building materials manufacture.

ABSTRACT The study is part of a project that aims to develop bio-sourced composites and agro-mate... more ABSTRACT The study is part of a project that aims to develop bio-sourced composites and agro-materials, that are biodegradable and recyclable so to reduce the negative impact of synthetic materials on nature. In this perspective, some results of a prospective study are presented, as well as a qualitative evaluation of properties of natural binders and resins in Grewia venusta stem bark and Bombax costatum calyx flower sepal. These two mucilaginous plants are studied as potential bio adhesive sources in the development of formaldehyde-free particleboard. Mucilage and pectin fractions of both plant organs are analysed for monosaccharides identification and quantification. The binding properties of these mucilages are investigated by mechanical testing of particleboard made with the extracted mucilages.

Mechanics & Industry, 2014

ABSTRACT The air is modeled as incompressible flow in a ribbed channel. The existence of ribs on ... more ABSTRACT The air is modeled as incompressible flow in a ribbed channel. The existence of ribs on channel surface causes the turbulence in flow, therefore we must solve the turbulence equations. There are previous experimentally investigations on turbulence flow in ribbed channels. In this article, the results of numerical simulation are compared with experimental results and the effectiveness of k-epsilon model in solving the problem of micro-particle deposition with Lagrangian model is studied because of complexities of turbulent flow, the problem is modeled both 2- and 3-dimensionally. After solving the fluid domain, the particle equations of motion are solved separately and finally the particle deposition on channel surface is calculated. Considering the physic and complications of turbulent flows, the results of 2-D simulation are different with experimental results, despite of 3-D results, which are in complete accordance with experimental results.

International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, 2008

Available almost everywhere, therefore economic and even so durable, clays have stimulated the cr... more Available almost everywhere, therefore economic and even so durable, clays have stimulated the creativity of men who have imagined since millennia and under all latitudes, multiple processes to develop pottery (faïence enameled, porcelain, ceramics) and construction materials. These materials compete with modern materials in civil engineering for important construction works such as bridges, roads, tunnels, monuments etc. In state-of-the-art technologies, clay ceramics are used as anti-thermal coatings: turbine vanes, etc... The weakness of our scientific knowledge limits applications of these natural materials. This study on tropical clays, has for objective on one hand to develop new processing of construction materials for lodging needs that are more and more increasing in the developing countries, and the other hand to develop new refractory materials, anti-thermal coatings or ceramic prostheses. This study is part of a research program and academic cooperation between the laboratories LMARC-). In this paper, we present an experimental modelling of a clay matrix drying in order to better understand and resolve material deformations and cracking. The complex behaviour of the clay during drying, leads us to propose two complementary approaches: an experimental approach that allows to establish the drying kinetic and a modelling of moisture transfer in a clay matrix in order to optimise the drying. A diffusive model based on Fick's laws allowed to highlight the internal stresses causing matrixes damage.

Biosourced composite are being developed for lightweight uses in many industrial sectors, namely ... more Biosourced composite are being developed for lightweight uses in many industrial sectors, namely the automotive, aeronautic, sport equipments, etc. But these materials may need improvements of their properties and processes to reach their full commercial potential. In particular, the polar character of natural fibers is the main cause of the incompatibility with some matrixes. The objective of this paper is to improve the properties of flax fibers/polyester composites by Corona discharge treatment. The mechanical properties of composites reinforced with treated fibers and composites reinforced with untreated fibers are compared to highlight the effect of Corona discharge. For the compatibility effect of this treatment, analyzes of fibers, such as FT-IR spectra analysis, topography analysis, SEM analysis, allowed to compare the treated and untreated fibers.

Engineering, 2011

A model is considered as a representation of compressive and incompressive elastomeric materials ... more A model is considered as a representation of compressive and incompressive elastomeric materials in nonlinear behavior. Applications are done on one hand by the characterisation of polyurethane 60 -65 shore A (a compressive material), and on the other hand by the characterisation of polyurethane 95 shore A and fluorosilicone, both incompressive materials. The Rivlin energy expression is used for incompressive materials. Linear vibrations superposed on static large deformation, which is most often the real using state of elastomeric materials, are studied. Relative experimental and numerical results presented show good predictions.