Ester Franklin - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ester Franklin

This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533-40º31'20,62 "O... more This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533-40º31'20,62 "O 20º39'42,61 and" S); an open-air archaeological site located in the city of Guarapari, on the south-central coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The research was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of Landscape Archaeology and operational chains and Habitus, showing evidence of lithic and malacological remains of a hunter-gatherer-fisher population that settled in the area around 670 years ago (14C-CENA USP). The analysis is focused on investigation into the interaction between the population that inhabited the site and the surrounding environment, encompassing geologic, geomorphologic, hydrographic and climatic surveys as well as bibliographic and cartographic research. The study also sought to gather information on the coastal paleoenvironment of Espírito Santo, with the research area serving as the fulcrum. Intensive field work was carried out in four campaigns: one in 2009, by Prof. Msc. Celso Perota via archaeological rescue, and three others of academic nature, directly related to this thesis, performed between 2012 and 2013. All field research was guided by methods and techniques for large surfaces with stripping by natural levels. As a result, it was observed that the Limeira site is uni-componential. Also highlighted were two established structures in the form of 3 malacological pockets and a fire pit, whose coals were used to perform carbon dating. Once analyzed, the data allowed for interpretations regarding the way of life of past inhabitants of the Limeira site, and the environment (vegetation and climate) around them. It is important to note that the study of the archaeological remains of the site in question-as well as their insertion into spatial, temporal and environmental scales-has established relevant parameters so that future research in Espírito Santo can be developed and supported within a greater frame of reference.

Resumen Las Trece Torres son un conjunto de estructuras dispuestas en una hilera de orientación N... more Resumen Las Trece Torres son un conjunto de estructuras dispuestas en una hilera de orientación Norte-Sur en la cima de una colina en Chankillo, un centro ceremonial del siglo IV a.C. ubicado en la costa norte del Perú. A partir de puntos de observación evidentes en los edificios adyacentes al este y al oeste de las torres, estas estructuras conforman un horizonte artificial «dentado» que comprende, casi exactamente, el arco anual de salida y puesta del Sol. De esta manera, las Trece Torres proporcionan evidencias de la práctica de observaciones solares y un sofisticado culto solar que preceden, por casi dos milenios, a los «pilares del Sol» del Cusco inca. Abstract THE THIRTEEN TOWERS OF CHANKILLO: ARCHAEOASTRONOMY AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AT THE FIRST SOLAR OBSERVATORY IN AMERICA The Thirteen Towers of Chankillo run north-south along a low ridge within a fourth century BC ceremonial complex in north coastal Perú. From evident observing points within the adjacent buildings to the west and east, they formed an artificial toothed horizon that spanned —almost exactly— the annual rising and setting arcs of the Sun. The Chankillo towers thus provide evidence of early solar horizon observations, and of the existence of sophisticated Sun cults, preceding by almost two millennia the Sun pillars of Inca Cusco.

This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533-40º31'20,62 "O... more This thesis studies the prehistoric occupation of Limeira, (UTM 24K 341411-7714533-40º31'20,62 "O 20º39'42,61 and" S); an open-air archaeological site located in the city of Guarapari, on the south-central coast of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The research was based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of Landscape Archaeology and operational chains and Habitus, showing evidence of lithic and malacological remains of a hunter-gatherer-fisher population that settled in the area around 670 years ago (14C-CENA USP). The analysis is focused on investigation into the interaction between the population that inhabited the site and the surrounding environment, encompassing geologic, geomorphologic, hydrographic and climatic surveys as well as bibliographic and cartographic research. The study also sought to gather information on the coastal paleoenvironment of Espírito Santo, with the research area serving as the fulcrum. Intensive field work was carried out in four campaigns: one in 2009, by Prof. Msc. Celso Perota via archaeological rescue, and three others of academic nature, directly related to this thesis, performed between 2012 and 2013. All field research was guided by methods and techniques for large surfaces with stripping by natural levels. As a result, it was observed that the Limeira site is uni-componential. Also highlighted were two established structures in the form of 3 malacological pockets and a fire pit, whose coals were used to perform carbon dating. Once analyzed, the data allowed for interpretations regarding the way of life of past inhabitants of the Limeira site, and the environment (vegetation and climate) around them. It is important to note that the study of the archaeological remains of the site in question-as well as their insertion into spatial, temporal and environmental scales-has established relevant parameters so that future research in Espírito Santo can be developed and supported within a greater frame of reference.

Resumen Las Trece Torres son un conjunto de estructuras dispuestas en una hilera de orientación N... more Resumen Las Trece Torres son un conjunto de estructuras dispuestas en una hilera de orientación Norte-Sur en la cima de una colina en Chankillo, un centro ceremonial del siglo IV a.C. ubicado en la costa norte del Perú. A partir de puntos de observación evidentes en los edificios adyacentes al este y al oeste de las torres, estas estructuras conforman un horizonte artificial «dentado» que comprende, casi exactamente, el arco anual de salida y puesta del Sol. De esta manera, las Trece Torres proporcionan evidencias de la práctica de observaciones solares y un sofisticado culto solar que preceden, por casi dos milenios, a los «pilares del Sol» del Cusco inca. Abstract THE THIRTEEN TOWERS OF CHANKILLO: ARCHAEOASTRONOMY AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AT THE FIRST SOLAR OBSERVATORY IN AMERICA The Thirteen Towers of Chankillo run north-south along a low ridge within a fourth century BC ceremonial complex in north coastal Perú. From evident observing points within the adjacent buildings to the west and east, they formed an artificial toothed horizon that spanned —almost exactly— the annual rising and setting arcs of the Sun. The Chankillo towers thus provide evidence of early solar horizon observations, and of the existence of sophisticated Sun cults, preceding by almost two millennia the Sun pillars of Inca Cusco.