Eva OMBAKA - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Eva OMBAKA
ESPAUR Report Webinar and Antibiotic Guardian Shared Learning Awards
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 2022
Introduction One of the strategic objectives of the AMR national action plan is to improve public... more Introduction One of the strategic objectives of the AMR national action plan is to improve public awareness and understanding of AMR. Changing people's behaviour is not easy and the older a person is, the more they are set in their ways. Schoolchildren are in their formative years, which is the right time to impart knowledge and best practices that will guide their behaviour in life. Importantly, students have links with families and communities and are future leaders. Roll Back Antimicrobial resistance Initiative (RBA Initiative) has been pioneering the use of youth as agents of change to increase AMR awareness, promote positive behavioural change and thus reduce treatment failure. Objectives The main objective was to equip young people (schoolchildren) with knowledge and skills to understand antimicrobial use and resistance and ability to pass the knowledge to their families, other students and community at large. Methods Through AMR clubs, RBA Initiative used different method...
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is still not given enough attention and the public is insuf... more Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is still not given enough attention and the public is insufficiently aware of its existence, leading to behaviour, which propagates the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). One of the objectives of Tanzania's national action plan on antimicrobial resistance is to improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance through effective communication, education and training. This task will need involvement of many stakeholders and sectors. Objectives To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antimicrobial use and resistance among students in three secondary schools in Dodoma city. Methods For this interventional pre-post comparative study, data were collected before and after training on antimicrobial use and resistance. Secondary school students from Mkonze, Merriwa and Kiwanja cha Ndege secondary school who are members of AMR school clubs participated. Training included classroom teaching and arts and crafts...
BMC Health Services Research
Background Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human re... more Background Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources that impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable and uniform quality healthcare. Adherence to standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent and correct diagnoses and treatments and limit the irrational use of medicines and the negative health consequences that can occur as a result. The purpose of this study was to investigate prescribers’ adherence of their diagnoses and respective treatments to national STG and to identify potential areas for planning interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study on prescribers’ adherence to diagnosis and treatment, according to national STG, was conducted in 2012 in public primary healthcare facilities (HCF) in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. Information on 2886 patients was collected, prospectively and retrospectively, from 120 HCF across the Dodoma region using a structured questionnaire. Twenty-five broadly define...
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 2022
Introduction The WHO-promoted ‘My 5 moments for hand hygiene’ is designed to prevent the spread o... more Introduction The WHO-promoted ‘My 5 moments for hand hygiene’ is designed to prevent the spread of infectious organisms in healthcare settings which occurs mostly via contaminated hands of healthcare workers (HCWs), items/equipment and the environment. Information on its implementation in Tanzania is needed. Objectives The main objective of the study was to assess knowledge, availability, and access to facilities for hand hygiene and the adherence to the WHO's five moments of hand hygiene by healthcare workers at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital. The bacterial content of cell phones of HCWs was assessed as a source of microbial contamination. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Three sets of data were collected through (i) questionnaires to assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to effective hand hygiene; (ii) observation to assess the adherence of five moments of hand hygiene; and (iii) laboratory examination of cell phones for bacterial contamination. Ana...
Additional file 1: Supplement Table. Illness group and Diagnoses as recorded by prescriber/clinic... more Additional file 1: Supplement Table. Illness group and Diagnoses as recorded by prescriber/clinician.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1989
Dehydration following non-specific diarrhoea may be prevented by oral administration of a simple ... more Dehydration following non-specific diarrhoea may be prevented by oral administration of a simple glucose/salt mixture. A solution tablet of this mixture would have advantages of stability under environmental exposure and transport if the costs could be held within reasonable limits. The moisture adsorption and compression characteristics of Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) ingredients have been studied. Combinations of ingredients resulted in a moisture adsorption higher than that of the individual components. This may be explained in terms of critical relative humidity, RHo, and environmental relative humidity RHi. Preparation of a stable ORS solution tablet therefore requires protection of moisture adsorbing components from the environment. The present UNICEF ORS mixture compacted easily by direct compression but gave fragile tablets, which were hygroscopic. This can be reduced by film coating the electrolyte component as granules with a resin (Eudragit L), or by simulating direct com...
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1983
The stability of and production of extracellular virulence factors by mucoid (M7) and nonmucoid (... more The stability of and production of extracellular virulence factors by mucoid (M7) and nonmucoid (wild-type) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied in batch culture and in chemostats. Chemostat cultures were nutrient limited by iron, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur at various growth rates. Both M7 and wild-type strains were relatively stable in simple salts media. The wild type gave rise to one variant and M7, to several. M7 was most stable under iron limitation. Chemostat production of extracellular polysaccharide, protease, elastase, lipase, and phospholipase C all varied in a complex manner with growth conditions.
... Robert Chana (PCC, Cameroun), Ms Marsha Maccata-Yambi (CSSC, République-unie de Tanzanie), Mm... more ... Robert Chana (PCC, Cameroun), Ms Marsha Maccata-Yambi (CSSC, République-unie de Tanzanie), Mme Stella Feka (OCASC, Cameroun ... Elisée Musemakweli (Rwanda), Pasteur Charles Kasekezi (Rwanda), M. Richard Wagner (Afrique du sud), M. Elvis Simanununa (Zambie ...
ESPAUR Report Webinar and Antibiotic Guardian Shared Learning Awards
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 2022
Introduction One of the strategic objectives of the AMR national action plan is to improve public... more Introduction One of the strategic objectives of the AMR national action plan is to improve public awareness and understanding of AMR. Changing people's behaviour is not easy and the older a person is, the more they are set in their ways. Schoolchildren are in their formative years, which is the right time to impart knowledge and best practices that will guide their behaviour in life. Importantly, students have links with families and communities and are future leaders. Roll Back Antimicrobial resistance Initiative (RBA Initiative) has been pioneering the use of youth as agents of change to increase AMR awareness, promote positive behavioural change and thus reduce treatment failure. Objectives The main objective was to equip young people (schoolchildren) with knowledge and skills to understand antimicrobial use and resistance and ability to pass the knowledge to their families, other students and community at large. Methods Through AMR clubs, RBA Initiative used different method...
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is still not given enough attention and the public is insuf... more Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is still not given enough attention and the public is insufficiently aware of its existence, leading to behaviour, which propagates the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). One of the objectives of Tanzania's national action plan on antimicrobial resistance is to improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance through effective communication, education and training. This task will need involvement of many stakeholders and sectors. Objectives To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices toward antimicrobial use and resistance among students in three secondary schools in Dodoma city. Methods For this interventional pre-post comparative study, data were collected before and after training on antimicrobial use and resistance. Secondary school students from Mkonze, Merriwa and Kiwanja cha Ndege secondary school who are members of AMR school clubs participated. Training included classroom teaching and arts and crafts...
BMC Health Services Research
Background Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human re... more Background Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources that impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable and uniform quality healthcare. Adherence to standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent and correct diagnoses and treatments and limit the irrational use of medicines and the negative health consequences that can occur as a result. The purpose of this study was to investigate prescribers’ adherence of their diagnoses and respective treatments to national STG and to identify potential areas for planning interventions. Methods A cross-sectional study on prescribers’ adherence to diagnosis and treatment, according to national STG, was conducted in 2012 in public primary healthcare facilities (HCF) in the Dodoma region of Tanzania. Information on 2886 patients was collected, prospectively and retrospectively, from 120 HCF across the Dodoma region using a structured questionnaire. Twenty-five broadly define...
JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, 2022
Introduction The WHO-promoted ‘My 5 moments for hand hygiene’ is designed to prevent the spread o... more Introduction The WHO-promoted ‘My 5 moments for hand hygiene’ is designed to prevent the spread of infectious organisms in healthcare settings which occurs mostly via contaminated hands of healthcare workers (HCWs), items/equipment and the environment. Information on its implementation in Tanzania is needed. Objectives The main objective of the study was to assess knowledge, availability, and access to facilities for hand hygiene and the adherence to the WHO's five moments of hand hygiene by healthcare workers at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital. The bacterial content of cell phones of HCWs was assessed as a source of microbial contamination. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Three sets of data were collected through (i) questionnaires to assess knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to effective hand hygiene; (ii) observation to assess the adherence of five moments of hand hygiene; and (iii) laboratory examination of cell phones for bacterial contamination. Ana...
Additional file 1: Supplement Table. Illness group and Diagnoses as recorded by prescriber/clinic... more Additional file 1: Supplement Table. Illness group and Diagnoses as recorded by prescriber/clinician.
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1989
Dehydration following non-specific diarrhoea may be prevented by oral administration of a simple ... more Dehydration following non-specific diarrhoea may be prevented by oral administration of a simple glucose/salt mixture. A solution tablet of this mixture would have advantages of stability under environmental exposure and transport if the costs could be held within reasonable limits. The moisture adsorption and compression characteristics of Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) ingredients have been studied. Combinations of ingredients resulted in a moisture adsorption higher than that of the individual components. This may be explained in terms of critical relative humidity, RHo, and environmental relative humidity RHi. Preparation of a stable ORS solution tablet therefore requires protection of moisture adsorbing components from the environment. The present UNICEF ORS mixture compacted easily by direct compression but gave fragile tablets, which were hygroscopic. This can be reduced by film coating the electrolyte component as granules with a resin (Eudragit L), or by simulating direct com...
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1983
The stability of and production of extracellular virulence factors by mucoid (M7) and nonmucoid (... more The stability of and production of extracellular virulence factors by mucoid (M7) and nonmucoid (wild-type) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied in batch culture and in chemostats. Chemostat cultures were nutrient limited by iron, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, and sulfur at various growth rates. Both M7 and wild-type strains were relatively stable in simple salts media. The wild type gave rise to one variant and M7, to several. M7 was most stable under iron limitation. Chemostat production of extracellular polysaccharide, protease, elastase, lipase, and phospholipase C all varied in a complex manner with growth conditions.
... Robert Chana (PCC, Cameroun), Ms Marsha Maccata-Yambi (CSSC, République-unie de Tanzanie), Mm... more ... Robert Chana (PCC, Cameroun), Ms Marsha Maccata-Yambi (CSSC, République-unie de Tanzanie), Mme Stella Feka (OCASC, Cameroun ... Elisée Musemakweli (Rwanda), Pasteur Charles Kasekezi (Rwanda), M. Richard Wagner (Afrique du sud), M. Elvis Simanununa (Zambie ...