Evaldas Švageris - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Papers by Evaldas Švageris
Baltu Filoloģija
Tipologiniai ryšiai yra vienas kalbinių universalijų atspindžių. Reikia pasakyti, kad į baltų kal... more Tipologiniai ryšiai yra vienas kalbinių universalijų atspindžių. Reikia pasakyti, kad į baltų kalbų prozodines sistemas, jų fonetinę bazę, šiuo rakursu kol kas žvelgta pernelyg fragmentiškai. Viso to pasekmė – iš pirmo žvilgsnio gana didelė kalbinė diferenciacija, suponuojanti, kad kone kiekvieno didesnio tarminio ploto fonetinis prozodinių elementų pavidalas yra unikalus. Šiame straipsnyje ši realija bandoma verifikuoti lyginamąja akustine lietuvių ir latvių bendrinių kalbų kirčio analize. Kadangi šiuo metu vyraujanti fonetinio kirčio kompleksiškumo samprata palieka gana daug erdvės interpretacijai, kryptingesnio klausimo sprendimo ieškoma naujomis metodologinėmis priemonėmis. Keliama prielaida, kad kirtis galėtų būti prozodinis veiksnys, sąlygojantis tarpskiemeninius tono (platesne prasme – garso) kontrolės, interpretuojamos per F0 vidutinio lygio, F0 diapazono ir F0 pagreičio išvestinės santykių prizmę, skirtumus. Tyrimo duomenys atskleidė, kad tarp lietuvių ir latvių kalbų kirči...
Vilnius University Open Series
It is commonly accepted, that word stress in Standard Lithuanian has a complex phonetic nature. H... more It is commonly accepted, that word stress in Standard Lithuanian has a complex phonetic nature. However, empirical data do not support such a view. The functional importance of acoustic parameters can only be proven relying on their “relations of relations” between stressed and unstressed syllables. To put it simply, we cannot state for sure that in all cases stressed syllables are superior in acoustical means. We can rely on intersyllabic relation of some sort only. If this is true, word stress is no more recognizable from a sintagmatic point of view. In addition, such interpretation presupposes a very complex mechanism of stress perception that is difficult to verify by experimental means. This article highlights the phonetic interaction of prosodic elements in the hope that more invariant features of acoustic stress structure can be captured from this perspective. The analyzed data show that prosodic elements selectively regulate the amount of acoustic energy, its degree of varia...
In this paper, instrumental and statistical methods are employed to research the significance of ... more In this paper, instrumental and statistical methods are employed to research the significance of relative duration in discerning the intonation patterns of the Akmenė Latvian dialect. The student’s criteria of statistical reliability showed that statistically reliable differences were detected in only 4 of 15 pairs: in the first two pairs (krĩtu and krìtu; aũksts and aūgsts), circumflex pitch accent reliably surpasses acute pitch accent in terms of relative duration; in the third pair (grùozu and gruõzu), the opposite was ascertained – acute pitch accent surpasses circumflex pitch accent in terms of relative duration; and in the fourth pair (vąrdi and vaȓdi) a statistically reliable difference was detected between acute and broken pitch accents (the relative duration of falling pitch accent is longer). Upon comparing 10 minimum pairs with similar phonetic structure, the confidence interval comparison criteria revealed that acute pitch accent is more inclined to assimilate into circu...
The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian diale... more The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian dialects (the material under analysis comes from two dialect areas, namely the subdialects in the Telšiai in the northern Samogitia, and the central Latvia). The aim was to determine what acoustic features play the key role in tone contrastivity in each of the dialects, and what differences and similarities between these key features are. The group of quantitative features analysed and compared in the present study comprised pitch, duration, and intensity of the long vowels pronounced along with the tones. The methods employed in the study (i.e. mathematical, statistical, graphic, analytic, and others) indicated correlative relations between the acoustic features under comparison, thus becoming a reference point for a supposition of similarity between tone contrastivity in Lithuanian and Latvian languages. Among the most important correlations was the direct dependence between the long vowel ...
The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase into... more The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase intonation in particular) interact with each other in acoustic terms. For this purpose the Latvian language was selected as an object. First, the main phonological problems in this area were addressed in order to select an appropriate method. The choice is based on the presumption that the type of prosodic information strongly depends on the time quantization level. In other words, differences of prosodic nature may be classified separately according to the time step adjusted for the analysis of tonal elements. Following this new methodology, lexical tones were examined in various intonational conditions. Final results lead to the following conclusions. 120Firstly, there is a clear empirical basis to presuppose that the functional load plays an important role in establishing the difference level of lexical tones. Secondly, the pitch contour levelling indicates the negative impact of phrase i...
The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian diale... more The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian dialects (the material under analysis comes from two dialect areas, namely the subdialects in the Telšiai in the northern Samogitia, and the central Latvia). The aim was to determine what acoustic features play the key role in tone contrastivity in each of the dialects, and what differences and similarities between these key features are. The group of quantitative features analysed and compared in the present study comprised pitch, duration, and intensity of the long vowels pronounced along with the tones. The methods employed in the study (i.e. mathematical, statistical, graphic, analytic, and others) indicated correlative relations between the acoustic features under comparison, thus becoming a reference point for a supposition of similarity between tone contrastivity in Lithuanian and Latvian languages. Among the most important correlations was the direct dependence between the long vowel ...
The present paper deals with the question of whether there is an acoustic basis for pitch accent ... more The present paper deals with the question of whether there is an acoustic basis for pitch accent distinction in High Lithuanian (i.e. in Utena subdialect). First, a historical survey was conducted in which theoretical frameworks of Kuršaitis, Baranauskas, Jaunius were discussed. In addition, the data from experimental studies were taken into account. The second part of this article deals with a new experimental investigation in which both tone sustainability coefficient and intensity extrema of long stressed vowels were estimated. In comparison to other dialects, none of these parameters appeared to be of great significance. On the basis of these results a conclusion that there is no reliable theoretical or experimental basis for the pitch accent functionality in Utena subdialect might be drawn. The cause of such prosodic process might be explained by a significant reduction in vowel quantity
Baltistica
straipsniu tęsiamas dviejų prozodinių elementų-frazės intonacijos ir priegaidės-fonetinės interak... more straipsniu tęsiamas dviejų prozodinių elementų-frazės intonacijos ir priegaidės-fonetinės interakcijos tyrimas. Tuo tikslu atlikta bendrinės latvių kalbos priegaidžių, realizuotų įvairiomis intonacinėmis sąlygomis, audicinė analizė. Pastaroji verifikavo ankstesnių fonetinių tyrimų implikuotą sprendimą analizuoti priegaides pagal trinarį akustinį modelį. Diferencijuotas balsių trukmės, tono staigumo ir tolydumo rodiklių išsidėstymas trimatėje grafinėje erdvėje atvėrė galimybes ir perceptyviniu požiūriu tiksliau apibrėžti skirtingo prozodinio statuso vienetų akustinius modelius ir aiškiau juos pozicionuoti vienas kito atžvilgiu. Šie rezultatai pagrindžia esminę nuostatą, kad prozodiniai elementai-priegaidė ir intonacija-yra nustatomi iš trukmės ir tono sąryšio. Kitaip sakant, jie yra faktoriai, diferencijuojantys tono dinamiką (balso energijos kiekį ir distribuciją platesne prasme) laiko atžvilgiu. Raktažodžiai: latvių kalba; priegaidė; frazės intonacija; prozodinių elementų interakcija; tono staigumas; tono tolydumas.
This article provides an alternative way of experimental investigation of lexical tones in the Ba... more This article provides an alternative way of experimental investigation of lexical tones in the Baltics. The main idea holds on a presupposition that the phonetic basis of prosodic elements in question can be explained in a more appropriate way in terms of a combined analysis of acoustic correlates, rather than a selective one. The lexical tone in this case may be interpreted as a factor which determines the type of acoustic correlation. Ideally, the interdependence of that sort could be defined by mathematical functions. The analysis of the empirical basis provides clear evidence in the favour of such methodological approach. Phonetic data from both, the Latvian (Valmiera) and the Lithuanian (North Žemaitian) subdialects confirmed clearly that the highest level of the tone distinction can be reached by a combined analysis of the pitch slope, pitch jerk and the duration of the long accented vowels. These results have arguably improved the interpretation of the phonetic tone structure...
The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase into... more The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase intonation in particular) interact with each other in acoustic terms. For this purpose the Latvian language was selected as an object. First, the main phonological problems in this area were addressed in order to select an appropriate method. The choice is based on the presumption that the type of prosodic information strongly depends on the time quantization level. In other words, differences of prosodic nature may be classified separately according to the time step adjusted for the analysis of tonal elements. Following this new methodology, lexical tones were examined in various intonational conditions. Final results lead to the following conclusions.
Baltu Filoloģija
Tipologiniai ryšiai yra vienas kalbinių universalijų atspindžių. Reikia pasakyti, kad į baltų kal... more Tipologiniai ryšiai yra vienas kalbinių universalijų atspindžių. Reikia pasakyti, kad į baltų kalbų prozodines sistemas, jų fonetinę bazę, šiuo rakursu kol kas žvelgta pernelyg fragmentiškai. Viso to pasekmė – iš pirmo žvilgsnio gana didelė kalbinė diferenciacija, suponuojanti, kad kone kiekvieno didesnio tarminio ploto fonetinis prozodinių elementų pavidalas yra unikalus. Šiame straipsnyje ši realija bandoma verifikuoti lyginamąja akustine lietuvių ir latvių bendrinių kalbų kirčio analize. Kadangi šiuo metu vyraujanti fonetinio kirčio kompleksiškumo samprata palieka gana daug erdvės interpretacijai, kryptingesnio klausimo sprendimo ieškoma naujomis metodologinėmis priemonėmis. Keliama prielaida, kad kirtis galėtų būti prozodinis veiksnys, sąlygojantis tarpskiemeninius tono (platesne prasme – garso) kontrolės, interpretuojamos per F0 vidutinio lygio, F0 diapazono ir F0 pagreičio išvestinės santykių prizmę, skirtumus. Tyrimo duomenys atskleidė, kad tarp lietuvių ir latvių kalbų kirči...
Vilnius University Open Series
It is commonly accepted, that word stress in Standard Lithuanian has a complex phonetic nature. H... more It is commonly accepted, that word stress in Standard Lithuanian has a complex phonetic nature. However, empirical data do not support such a view. The functional importance of acoustic parameters can only be proven relying on their “relations of relations” between stressed and unstressed syllables. To put it simply, we cannot state for sure that in all cases stressed syllables are superior in acoustical means. We can rely on intersyllabic relation of some sort only. If this is true, word stress is no more recognizable from a sintagmatic point of view. In addition, such interpretation presupposes a very complex mechanism of stress perception that is difficult to verify by experimental means. This article highlights the phonetic interaction of prosodic elements in the hope that more invariant features of acoustic stress structure can be captured from this perspective. The analyzed data show that prosodic elements selectively regulate the amount of acoustic energy, its degree of varia...
In this paper, instrumental and statistical methods are employed to research the significance of ... more In this paper, instrumental and statistical methods are employed to research the significance of relative duration in discerning the intonation patterns of the Akmenė Latvian dialect. The student’s criteria of statistical reliability showed that statistically reliable differences were detected in only 4 of 15 pairs: in the first two pairs (krĩtu and krìtu; aũksts and aūgsts), circumflex pitch accent reliably surpasses acute pitch accent in terms of relative duration; in the third pair (grùozu and gruõzu), the opposite was ascertained – acute pitch accent surpasses circumflex pitch accent in terms of relative duration; and in the fourth pair (vąrdi and vaȓdi) a statistically reliable difference was detected between acute and broken pitch accents (the relative duration of falling pitch accent is longer). Upon comparing 10 minimum pairs with similar phonetic structure, the confidence interval comparison criteria revealed that acute pitch accent is more inclined to assimilate into circu...
The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian diale... more The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian dialects (the material under analysis comes from two dialect areas, namely the subdialects in the Telšiai in the northern Samogitia, and the central Latvia). The aim was to determine what acoustic features play the key role in tone contrastivity in each of the dialects, and what differences and similarities between these key features are. The group of quantitative features analysed and compared in the present study comprised pitch, duration, and intensity of the long vowels pronounced along with the tones. The methods employed in the study (i.e. mathematical, statistical, graphic, analytic, and others) indicated correlative relations between the acoustic features under comparison, thus becoming a reference point for a supposition of similarity between tone contrastivity in Lithuanian and Latvian languages. Among the most important correlations was the direct dependence between the long vowel ...
The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase into... more The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase intonation in particular) interact with each other in acoustic terms. For this purpose the Latvian language was selected as an object. First, the main phonological problems in this area were addressed in order to select an appropriate method. The choice is based on the presumption that the type of prosodic information strongly depends on the time quantization level. In other words, differences of prosodic nature may be classified separately according to the time step adjusted for the analysis of tonal elements. Following this new methodology, lexical tones were examined in various intonational conditions. Final results lead to the following conclusions. 120Firstly, there is a clear empirical basis to presuppose that the functional load plays an important role in establishing the difference level of lexical tones. Secondly, the pitch contour levelling indicates the negative impact of phrase i...
The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian diale... more The dissertation focuses on the acoustic base of long vowel tones in Lithuanian and Latvian dialects (the material under analysis comes from two dialect areas, namely the subdialects in the Telšiai in the northern Samogitia, and the central Latvia). The aim was to determine what acoustic features play the key role in tone contrastivity in each of the dialects, and what differences and similarities between these key features are. The group of quantitative features analysed and compared in the present study comprised pitch, duration, and intensity of the long vowels pronounced along with the tones. The methods employed in the study (i.e. mathematical, statistical, graphic, analytic, and others) indicated correlative relations between the acoustic features under comparison, thus becoming a reference point for a supposition of similarity between tone contrastivity in Lithuanian and Latvian languages. Among the most important correlations was the direct dependence between the long vowel ...
The present paper deals with the question of whether there is an acoustic basis for pitch accent ... more The present paper deals with the question of whether there is an acoustic basis for pitch accent distinction in High Lithuanian (i.e. in Utena subdialect). First, a historical survey was conducted in which theoretical frameworks of Kuršaitis, Baranauskas, Jaunius were discussed. In addition, the data from experimental studies were taken into account. The second part of this article deals with a new experimental investigation in which both tone sustainability coefficient and intensity extrema of long stressed vowels were estimated. In comparison to other dialects, none of these parameters appeared to be of great significance. On the basis of these results a conclusion that there is no reliable theoretical or experimental basis for the pitch accent functionality in Utena subdialect might be drawn. The cause of such prosodic process might be explained by a significant reduction in vowel quantity
Baltistica
straipsniu tęsiamas dviejų prozodinių elementų-frazės intonacijos ir priegaidės-fonetinės interak... more straipsniu tęsiamas dviejų prozodinių elementų-frazės intonacijos ir priegaidės-fonetinės interakcijos tyrimas. Tuo tikslu atlikta bendrinės latvių kalbos priegaidžių, realizuotų įvairiomis intonacinėmis sąlygomis, audicinė analizė. Pastaroji verifikavo ankstesnių fonetinių tyrimų implikuotą sprendimą analizuoti priegaides pagal trinarį akustinį modelį. Diferencijuotas balsių trukmės, tono staigumo ir tolydumo rodiklių išsidėstymas trimatėje grafinėje erdvėje atvėrė galimybes ir perceptyviniu požiūriu tiksliau apibrėžti skirtingo prozodinio statuso vienetų akustinius modelius ir aiškiau juos pozicionuoti vienas kito atžvilgiu. Šie rezultatai pagrindžia esminę nuostatą, kad prozodiniai elementai-priegaidė ir intonacija-yra nustatomi iš trukmės ir tono sąryšio. Kitaip sakant, jie yra faktoriai, diferencijuojantys tono dinamiką (balso energijos kiekį ir distribuciją platesne prasme) laiko atžvilgiu. Raktažodžiai: latvių kalba; priegaidė; frazės intonacija; prozodinių elementų interakcija; tono staigumas; tono tolydumas.
This article provides an alternative way of experimental investigation of lexical tones in the Ba... more This article provides an alternative way of experimental investigation of lexical tones in the Baltics. The main idea holds on a presupposition that the phonetic basis of prosodic elements in question can be explained in a more appropriate way in terms of a combined analysis of acoustic correlates, rather than a selective one. The lexical tone in this case may be interpreted as a factor which determines the type of acoustic correlation. Ideally, the interdependence of that sort could be defined by mathematical functions. The analysis of the empirical basis provides clear evidence in the favour of such methodological approach. Phonetic data from both, the Latvian (Valmiera) and the Lithuanian (North Žemaitian) subdialects confirmed clearly that the highest level of the tone distinction can be reached by a combined analysis of the pitch slope, pitch jerk and the duration of the long accented vowels. These results have arguably improved the interpretation of the phonetic tone structure...
The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase into... more The present paper deals with the question of how prosodic elements (lexical tones and phrase intonation in particular) interact with each other in acoustic terms. For this purpose the Latvian language was selected as an object. First, the main phonological problems in this area were addressed in order to select an appropriate method. The choice is based on the presumption that the type of prosodic information strongly depends on the time quantization level. In other words, differences of prosodic nature may be classified separately according to the time step adjusted for the analysis of tonal elements. Following this new methodology, lexical tones were examined in various intonational conditions. Final results lead to the following conclusions.