Ewonetu Kebede - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ewonetu Kebede
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, Jul 2, 2022
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Khat leave as a natural... more An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Khat leave as a natural feed additive on egg quality, fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability, and chick quality of White Leghorn (WL) layers. One hundred fifty-six hens and twenty-four cocks of WL at twenty-four weeks of age were randomly distributed to four treatments, each replicated three times with thirteen layers and two cocks per replication and kept on a deep litter system. Treatment rations were formulated by the addition of Khat leave on layers ration with the proportion of 0% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.4% (T3), and 0.6% (T4). All data were subjected to analysis of variance. The egg weight of layers in T3 (54.1) was higher (P<0.05) than that of layers in T4 (51.5) and T1 (51.8). Roche color reading was significantly higher for T4 (4.7±0.19) than T3 (3.4±0.19), T2 (2.2±0.19), and T1 (1.7±0.19). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in yolk height, yolk index, yolk diameter, albumen height, Haugh unit, fertility, hatchability, chick weight, and visual score. Embryonic mortality percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher for T1 than for other treatments. Chick length was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2, T4, and T3 than in T1. Finally, this study can be concluded that the use of dried Khat leaves as an additive up to 0.6% in ration of White Leghorn layers increased eggshell weight and yolk coulor and reduced embryonic mortality.
Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 2021
This study aimed at assessing the husbandry practices and evaluating the impact of feed optimizat... more This study aimed at assessing the husbandry practices and evaluating the impact of feed optimization on productive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows. The study was conducted on purposefully selected 76 and 16 dairy farms for pre-and post-intervention study, respectively, from Harar and Dire Dawa cities. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires and focused group discussion starting from October 2018 to September 2020. Commonly used feeds were standardized to the cows' requirement. Milk yield was recorded every day for four consecutive months while milk composition was evaluated every month. Data analysis was done by SPSS, one-way ANOVA, and t-Test. The pre-intervention results showed that farmers from the small, medium, and largescale farms fed cows on low concentrate quantity of 3.76, 4.61, and 5.84Kg/day, respectively. The quantity of concentrate supplementation per cow per day was significantly different (p<0.0001) among farm-scales. Cows maintained under different farm-scales produced low milk yields (9.57-13.07 litter). Cows from large-scale farms significantly produced milk with lower fat (P<0.0006) whereas small-scale farms produced milk with lower protein and milk urea (P<0.0001). All milking cows maintained in small, medium, and large farm-scales were highly affected by anestrus (44.45%), placenta retention (35.19%), and repeat breeding (20.37%). The technical intervention of feed optimization boosted daily milk yield from 17.64 to 27.44%, enhanced most milk components except fat and milk urea, and reduced the incidence of anestrus (11.11%), retention of the placenta (5.56-11.11%), repeat breeding (11.11-22.22), dystocia (5.56-11.11%) and prolapse (5.56%). Finally, this study concluded that regular technical advice and feed optimization improved milk production and reduced reproductive disorders of dairy farmers in all farm categories.
Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 2019
Forty-eight crossbred Holstein cows were grouped into three treatments in 3x2 factorial experimen... more Forty-eight crossbred Holstein cows were grouped into three treatments in 3x2 factorial experiments to determine the effect of concentrate feeding levels and frequency on feed intake and efficiency, body weight change, milk yield and quality. Cows in each treatment were randomly assigned to mixed concentrate at 2%, 2.5% and 3% of their initial average body weights. Moreover; cows in each treatment were randomly subdivided into two groups (n=8); and one group fed mixed concentrate two times while the other group fed three times in daily in two and three equal portions. All data were analyzed with SAS and a difference was detected by Duncan’s multiple range test. All treatment groups showed an increased trend in weight gain even though cows in T1 gained more weight. Cows fed concentrate three times per day gained 21.75 kg more weight in comparison to that of two times feeding. Animals provided with different levels of concentrate at the same frequency had less significant effect on av...
http://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/tjs www.ajol.info/index.php/tjs
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2020
To improve the reproductive performance; several scholars conducted research in different parts o... more To improve the reproductive performance; several scholars conducted research in different parts of Ethiopia on indigenous, crosses and exotic chickens. However, there were inconsistencies among the various studies. This review was, therefore, conducted to assess the reproductive characteristics of indigenous, exotic and their crosses. Under scavenging system, the indigenous chickens are characterized by less clutch size (2.7-4.2 per year), good hatchability rate (59.6-93.2%), higher mortality rates (25.3-61.15), and reach sexual maturity at advanced age (19.6-26.8 weeks for male; 19.7-34.05 weeks for female). The age at first mating and laying recorded for exotic and their crossbreeds were nearly similar to those of indigenous chickens. The hatchability rate of crossbreed chickens are varying from 54.7-78.7% and it is by far lower for exotic breeds. The exotic (18.83-53%) and crossbreed (9-40%) chickens are relatively better in survival rate than local chickens. Overall, the local c...
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2015
For the determination of microbial load, chemical quality, pH and cholesterol level, a total of 4... more For the determination of microbial load, chemical quality, pH and cholesterol level, a total of 400 table eggs were randomly collected from 10 retailers situated at major urban settings in Eastern Ethiopia and Haramaya University Poultry Farm, Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using SAS. High moisture and cholesterol levels and low pH and huge microbial load were detected in the eggs. Exposure of eggs to sunlight in the market and transportation of eggs from farm to the retail market might influence in lowering moisture and increasing pH. Huge microbial contamination of eggs from retailers at urban settings could be due to unhygienic handling of the eggs, lack of standard storage and transportation facilities. Storing of eggs in refrigeration condition and protection of direct sun light could be helpful in maintaining quality eggs. Introduction of refrigeration systems and construction of shades in markets are suggested to maintain and improve quality of eggs sold in markets.
Evaluation of different traits from day-old to age at first eggs of Fayoumi and White leghorn chickens and their reciprocal crossbreeds
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2021
Objective: This study evaluated the different traits from day-old to age at first eggs of Fayoumi... more Objective: This study evaluated the different traits from day-old to age at first eggs of Fayoumi and White leghorn (WLH) F1 chickens and their reciprocal crossbreeds. Materials and Methods: In this study, 1,000 eggs were used to obtain experimental chicks. However, only 150 chicks were selected from each genotype for subsequent trial evaluation and reared on the same diet in a completely randomized design. The effects of genotype on each considered trait were analyzed by the statistical analysis system, and Duncan’s multiple range test made a significant difference. Results: Comparative evaluations made on all parameters illustrated significant differences (p < 0.05) throughout the study period. F1 acquired from WLH cocks and Fayoumi hens maximized weights almost at all ages during brooding, whereas pure line Fayoumi showed lower importance for the trait stages of growth. Offspring from the crossbreed of WLH cocks and Fayoumi hens had the highest weight gain than any other crossbreeds from 4 to 8 and 12 to 16 weeks of age. Pure line WLH and Fayoumi lay larger eggs and smaller eggs (41.67 and 34.00 g), respectively. The highest and smallest body weight at the age of first egg was 1,364.89 and 1,178.36 g in the main crossbreed and Fayoumi line. The main WLH cock and Fayoumi hens and reciprocal crossbreds advanced in age at first egg by 4 and 11 days, respectively. Conclusion: The leghorn hen and Fayoumi cock crosses could be used to develop potential egg-laying lines than their reciprocal crossbreeds.
Chicken productive performance in Ethiopia: Review
Indian Journal of Poultry Science
Journal of Livestock Science, 2021
This study has assessed the effects of parity on lactation length, lactation milk yield, and lact... more This study has assessed the effects of parity on lactation length, lactation milk yield, and lactation curves for each lactation stage at Haramaya University dairy research and teaching farm. Thirty-one synchronized Holstein Frisian crossbred heifers; with nearly similar age were selected and stall-fed for the whole lactation period. Data were collected on daily milk yield at each stage, days in milk and lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield, and analyzed using the t-test for means. There was an insignificant effect on lactation length, total lactation milk yield, 305 days total milk yield, mid and late lactation milk yield between the 1 st and 2 nd lactation numbers. The rate of variation was very high (13.4%) during the early lactation stage. The daily milk yield was significantly influenced by parity (P<0.05). The variation rate of milk yield in the morning milking was ranging from 10-51%.Further study is required to examine additional aspects of parity on lactation traits such as milk composition and reproductive traits with more lactation numbers
Review of chicken productive and reproductive performance and its challenges in Ethiopia
All Life
Review of chicken productive and reproductive performance and its challenges in Ethiopia
All Life, 2022
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2021
The majority of communities in different regions of Ethiopia are relying on a variety of plants t... more The majority of communities in different regions of Ethiopia are relying on a variety of plants to improve the quality of their dairy products. However, this cultural perception was scientifically not well strengthened. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to identify milk preservative plants and evaluate the effects of preservative plants on fermented milk redox potential, Potential hydrogen (pH), and sensory analysis. The survey study was conducted on purposefully selected 80 households in the Haramaya district. However, the laboratory study was conducted on four top-ranked plants for the preparation of fermented milk samples at ambient temperature following similar techniques and procedures observed at households. All the collected data were analysed by Statitsical Analysis software (SAS). In the study area, five plants in the families of Oleaceae, Celastraceae, Lamiaceae, and Rutaceae were identified and used by the majority of respondents with perceptions of enhancing th...
This study evaluated the effect of bovine breed on milk composition under the same environmental ... more This study evaluated the effect of bovine breed on milk composition under the same environmental conditions. Thirty two dairy cattle breeds of Holstein Friesian, Ethiopian Ogaden cattle, Jersey x Horro crosses, and Holstein Friesian x Jersey x Horro crosses were used in the study. Eight cows in early lactation stage and with the same parity were purposively selected from each breed and monitored for 60 days. Animals were maintained under intensive systems and all consumed on the same diet. 100ml milk samples collected three times every twenty days from each milking cows and separate analysis were done for each breed in duplicate using a MilkoScanTM FTl to determine fat, protein, ash, water, SNF), TS, lactose, and MUN. The major content of milk for breed in this study is within the range for the milk composition standard requirement for bovine. The breed had a significant effect on water (p ≤ 0.0001), Protein (p ≤ 0.05), TS (p ≤ 0.05), fat (p ≤ 0.05), MUN (p ≤ 0.001) and ash (p ≤ 0.0...
The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on m... more The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on milk production and composition. The study was conducted at Haramaya University dairy research farm -using sixteen crossbred dairy cows (Zebu × HolsteinFriesian) which were assigned to two treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of eight cows and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows in both treatment groups were provided similar supplemental concentrate ration formulated from various ingredients but fed on different basal diets which were silage and grass hay. The feeding trial was conducted for a total of 90 days. Milk yield of individual cows were recorded every day and analyzed every two weeks for its chemical composition. Data were analyzed by t-Test for means. The group of cows fed on grass hay relatively produced higher milk yield (17.1) than cows fed on silage (16.1 liters per day). The protein, total solid, solid not fat, and milk urea nitrogen co...
Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2019
Most cattle used for beef production in Ethiopia are Zebu breeds. Usually released for beef when ... more Most cattle used for beef production in Ethiopia are Zebu breeds. Usually released for beef when they are aged for plowing and in poor body condition. However, there is little available information on carcass yield and percentage earned from these cattle. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the carcass yield and the percentage of cattle released for beef after used in draught power. This study used 280 heads of male indigenous draught cattle released for beef. Each cattle were randomly measured for carcass and noncarcass components. Body weight was recorded as animals arrived. Hot carcasses were weighed and cold carcasses were estimated at 0.98 of the hot carcass weight. Dressing proportions were calculated from the ratio of hot carcass weight to slaughter weight. Descriptive statistics for carcass yield, edible and offal components were analyzed by SPSS. The average slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing and shrinkage percentage recorded in this study was 247.93+5.27, 90.98+ 2.11, 36.98+0.94 and 0.74+0.02, respectively. The amount of total deboned lean meat was 60.38kg (24.35% of the slaughter body weight). The price of live animals and the amount of carcass and other edible parts attained from it, is not worthy of comparison and there was a loss of 402.66+ 0.29 Birr per each cattle. Therefore, draught cattle released for beef after draught power should be fattened either by farmers or beef farm to recover their body weight loss due to agricultural work load.
Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 2019
The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on m... more The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on milk production and composition. The study was conducted at Haramaya University dairy research farm -using sixteen crossbred dairy cows (Zebu × Holstein-Friesian) which were assigned to two treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of eight cows and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows in both treatment groups were provided similar supplemental concentrate ration formulated from various ingredients but fed on different basal diets which were silage and grass hay. The feeding trial was conducted for a total of 90 days. Milk yield of individual cows were recorded every day and analyzed every two weeks for its chemical composition. Data were analyzed by t-Test for means. The group of cows fed on grass hay relatively produced higher milk yield (17.1) than cows fed on silage (16.1 liters per day). The protein, total solid, solid not fat, and milk urea nitrogen c...
Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, 2017
Background: Modern livestock health care is still at its lowest stage in Ethiopia and most modern... more Background: Modern livestock health care is still at its lowest stage in Ethiopia and most modern veterinary services like drugs and veterinary professionals are not accessible and affordable to the majority of pastoral farmers. As a result, they are heavily relying on their traditional knowledge and practices on locally available materials mainly plants in the management of animal diseases. However, this traditional knowledge has not yet been well documented and analyzed. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify medicinal plants and examine factors that threaten ethno-veterinary. Methods: This study was conducted in Ethiopian Somaliland regional state, Shinle zone. Survey was conducted to gather information from 180 households on indigenous knowledge using a semi-structured questionnaire and filed guided observations. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS. The variability of documented knowledge and the homogeneity of the information given by the respondents were estimated by informant consensus factor. Results: Thirty-one plant species belonging to eighteen families used against fourteen types of livestock health problems. Majority of plant identified fall under Fabaceae (22.5%) and Euphorbiaceae (16.1%) family that are largely shrubs. The most commonly used plant parts were roots (35.5%) followed by leaves (25.8%). Remedy preparation was mainly through chop and soak in concoction of water and salt. Oral, topical and nasal route were the common mode of administration with no standardized dosing and treatment duration. The principal threats of medicinal plants were invasive plants, drought, over grazing, agricultural activity and firewood collection. Indigenous knowledge on ethno-veterinary medicinal plants was accepted orally from healer's forefathers and transmitted similarly. Conclusion: Awareness should be raised and ethno-veterinary medicine should be integrated in to livestock extension delivery systems for the need to exploit the possibility of discovering more medicinally viable plants. Further studies needed under controlled conditions on the efficacy of such plants.
Maize Silage effect on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Ethiopian Cattle
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2022
Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2021
Several studies were conducted on evaluation of heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effects for di... more Several studies were conducted on evaluation of heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effects for different chicken breeds. However, there is a limited information on the heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effect for crossbreed of Fayoumi and White Leghorn. Therefore; this study was designed to evaluate the heterosis, maternal and reciprocal effects on different traits for crossbreed of Fayoumi and White Leghorn from day-old to age at first egg. A total of six hundred chicks were selected,150 from each genotype and evaluated simultaneously under the same management. The specific and general heterosis, maternal, and reciprocal effects were estimated for all traits. The heterosis of body weight ranged from 3.06 to 21.31% for the main and 1.35 to 14.89% the reciprocal crossbred, which is within the recommended range (-6.5-26.2%). The heterosis of weight gain ranged from -0.07 to 33.03%. The F1 of Fayoumi cocks and White Leghorn hens exhibited a higher positive heterotic recorded for the ...
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2017
The study was conducted to determine effect of egg-weight on hatchability and subsequent growth p... more The study was conducted to determine effect of egg-weight on hatchability and subsequent growth performance of Fayoumi breeds. A total of 576 eggs were purposively selected and arranged into three groups of small, medium and large sizes each with 192 eggs. Each egg group was randomly sub-divided into three replicates of 64 eggs in a CRD. Eggs were incubated for 21 days and chicks hatched on the same day were counted and individually weighed. Chicks were intensively raised on deep litter system for eight weeks on same diet, but kept separately according to their initial treatment of eggs. Data was analyzed by GLM of SAS and separated for means by Duncan’s multiple-range test. The study result revealed that egg size had effect on hatchability and strongly influenced all parameters measured during the brooding periods. It has significant effect on day-old weight, body weight, final weight gain, final feed conversion and mortality. Chicken producers may opt for medium-sized eggs princip...
Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, Jul 2, 2022
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Khat leave as a natural... more An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Khat leave as a natural feed additive on egg quality, fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability, and chick quality of White Leghorn (WL) layers. One hundred fifty-six hens and twenty-four cocks of WL at twenty-four weeks of age were randomly distributed to four treatments, each replicated three times with thirteen layers and two cocks per replication and kept on a deep litter system. Treatment rations were formulated by the addition of Khat leave on layers ration with the proportion of 0% (T1), 0.2% (T2), 0.4% (T3), and 0.6% (T4). All data were subjected to analysis of variance. The egg weight of layers in T3 (54.1) was higher (P<0.05) than that of layers in T4 (51.5) and T1 (51.8). Roche color reading was significantly higher for T4 (4.7±0.19) than T3 (3.4±0.19), T2 (2.2±0.19), and T1 (1.7±0.19). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments in yolk height, yolk index, yolk diameter, albumen height, Haugh unit, fertility, hatchability, chick weight, and visual score. Embryonic mortality percentage was significantly (P<0.05) higher for T1 than for other treatments. Chick length was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2, T4, and T3 than in T1. Finally, this study can be concluded that the use of dried Khat leaves as an additive up to 0.6% in ration of White Leghorn layers increased eggshell weight and yolk coulor and reduced embryonic mortality.
Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 2021
This study aimed at assessing the husbandry practices and evaluating the impact of feed optimizat... more This study aimed at assessing the husbandry practices and evaluating the impact of feed optimization on productive performances and reproductive disorders of dairy cows. The study was conducted on purposefully selected 76 and 16 dairy farms for pre-and post-intervention study, respectively, from Harar and Dire Dawa cities. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaires and focused group discussion starting from October 2018 to September 2020. Commonly used feeds were standardized to the cows' requirement. Milk yield was recorded every day for four consecutive months while milk composition was evaluated every month. Data analysis was done by SPSS, one-way ANOVA, and t-Test. The pre-intervention results showed that farmers from the small, medium, and largescale farms fed cows on low concentrate quantity of 3.76, 4.61, and 5.84Kg/day, respectively. The quantity of concentrate supplementation per cow per day was significantly different (p<0.0001) among farm-scales. Cows maintained under different farm-scales produced low milk yields (9.57-13.07 litter). Cows from large-scale farms significantly produced milk with lower fat (P<0.0006) whereas small-scale farms produced milk with lower protein and milk urea (P<0.0001). All milking cows maintained in small, medium, and large farm-scales were highly affected by anestrus (44.45%), placenta retention (35.19%), and repeat breeding (20.37%). The technical intervention of feed optimization boosted daily milk yield from 17.64 to 27.44%, enhanced most milk components except fat and milk urea, and reduced the incidence of anestrus (11.11%), retention of the placenta (5.56-11.11%), repeat breeding (11.11-22.22), dystocia (5.56-11.11%) and prolapse (5.56%). Finally, this study concluded that regular technical advice and feed optimization improved milk production and reduced reproductive disorders of dairy farmers in all farm categories.
Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 2019
Forty-eight crossbred Holstein cows were grouped into three treatments in 3x2 factorial experimen... more Forty-eight crossbred Holstein cows were grouped into three treatments in 3x2 factorial experiments to determine the effect of concentrate feeding levels and frequency on feed intake and efficiency, body weight change, milk yield and quality. Cows in each treatment were randomly assigned to mixed concentrate at 2%, 2.5% and 3% of their initial average body weights. Moreover; cows in each treatment were randomly subdivided into two groups (n=8); and one group fed mixed concentrate two times while the other group fed three times in daily in two and three equal portions. All data were analyzed with SAS and a difference was detected by Duncan’s multiple range test. All treatment groups showed an increased trend in weight gain even though cows in T1 gained more weight. Cows fed concentrate three times per day gained 21.75 kg more weight in comparison to that of two times feeding. Animals provided with different levels of concentrate at the same frequency had less significant effect on av...
http://journals.udsm.ac.tz/index.php/tjs www.ajol.info/index.php/tjs
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2020
To improve the reproductive performance; several scholars conducted research in different parts o... more To improve the reproductive performance; several scholars conducted research in different parts of Ethiopia on indigenous, crosses and exotic chickens. However, there were inconsistencies among the various studies. This review was, therefore, conducted to assess the reproductive characteristics of indigenous, exotic and their crosses. Under scavenging system, the indigenous chickens are characterized by less clutch size (2.7-4.2 per year), good hatchability rate (59.6-93.2%), higher mortality rates (25.3-61.15), and reach sexual maturity at advanced age (19.6-26.8 weeks for male; 19.7-34.05 weeks for female). The age at first mating and laying recorded for exotic and their crossbreeds were nearly similar to those of indigenous chickens. The hatchability rate of crossbreed chickens are varying from 54.7-78.7% and it is by far lower for exotic breeds. The exotic (18.83-53%) and crossbreed (9-40%) chickens are relatively better in survival rate than local chickens. Overall, the local c...
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2015
For the determination of microbial load, chemical quality, pH and cholesterol level, a total of 4... more For the determination of microbial load, chemical quality, pH and cholesterol level, a total of 400 table eggs were randomly collected from 10 retailers situated at major urban settings in Eastern Ethiopia and Haramaya University Poultry Farm, Ethiopia. The data were analyzed using SAS. High moisture and cholesterol levels and low pH and huge microbial load were detected in the eggs. Exposure of eggs to sunlight in the market and transportation of eggs from farm to the retail market might influence in lowering moisture and increasing pH. Huge microbial contamination of eggs from retailers at urban settings could be due to unhygienic handling of the eggs, lack of standard storage and transportation facilities. Storing of eggs in refrigeration condition and protection of direct sun light could be helpful in maintaining quality eggs. Introduction of refrigeration systems and construction of shades in markets are suggested to maintain and improve quality of eggs sold in markets.
Evaluation of different traits from day-old to age at first eggs of Fayoumi and White leghorn chickens and their reciprocal crossbreeds
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2021
Objective: This study evaluated the different traits from day-old to age at first eggs of Fayoumi... more Objective: This study evaluated the different traits from day-old to age at first eggs of Fayoumi and White leghorn (WLH) F1 chickens and their reciprocal crossbreeds. Materials and Methods: In this study, 1,000 eggs were used to obtain experimental chicks. However, only 150 chicks were selected from each genotype for subsequent trial evaluation and reared on the same diet in a completely randomized design. The effects of genotype on each considered trait were analyzed by the statistical analysis system, and Duncan’s multiple range test made a significant difference. Results: Comparative evaluations made on all parameters illustrated significant differences (p < 0.05) throughout the study period. F1 acquired from WLH cocks and Fayoumi hens maximized weights almost at all ages during brooding, whereas pure line Fayoumi showed lower importance for the trait stages of growth. Offspring from the crossbreed of WLH cocks and Fayoumi hens had the highest weight gain than any other crossbreeds from 4 to 8 and 12 to 16 weeks of age. Pure line WLH and Fayoumi lay larger eggs and smaller eggs (41.67 and 34.00 g), respectively. The highest and smallest body weight at the age of first egg was 1,364.89 and 1,178.36 g in the main crossbreed and Fayoumi line. The main WLH cock and Fayoumi hens and reciprocal crossbreds advanced in age at first egg by 4 and 11 days, respectively. Conclusion: The leghorn hen and Fayoumi cock crosses could be used to develop potential egg-laying lines than their reciprocal crossbreeds.
Chicken productive performance in Ethiopia: Review
Indian Journal of Poultry Science
Journal of Livestock Science, 2021
This study has assessed the effects of parity on lactation length, lactation milk yield, and lact... more This study has assessed the effects of parity on lactation length, lactation milk yield, and lactation curves for each lactation stage at Haramaya University dairy research and teaching farm. Thirty-one synchronized Holstein Frisian crossbred heifers; with nearly similar age were selected and stall-fed for the whole lactation period. Data were collected on daily milk yield at each stage, days in milk and lactation milk yield, 305 days milk yield, and analyzed using the t-test for means. There was an insignificant effect on lactation length, total lactation milk yield, 305 days total milk yield, mid and late lactation milk yield between the 1 st and 2 nd lactation numbers. The rate of variation was very high (13.4%) during the early lactation stage. The daily milk yield was significantly influenced by parity (P<0.05). The variation rate of milk yield in the morning milking was ranging from 10-51%.Further study is required to examine additional aspects of parity on lactation traits such as milk composition and reproductive traits with more lactation numbers
Review of chicken productive and reproductive performance and its challenges in Ethiopia
All Life
Review of chicken productive and reproductive performance and its challenges in Ethiopia
All Life, 2022
Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 2021
The majority of communities in different regions of Ethiopia are relying on a variety of plants t... more The majority of communities in different regions of Ethiopia are relying on a variety of plants to improve the quality of their dairy products. However, this cultural perception was scientifically not well strengthened. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to identify milk preservative plants and evaluate the effects of preservative plants on fermented milk redox potential, Potential hydrogen (pH), and sensory analysis. The survey study was conducted on purposefully selected 80 households in the Haramaya district. However, the laboratory study was conducted on four top-ranked plants for the preparation of fermented milk samples at ambient temperature following similar techniques and procedures observed at households. All the collected data were analysed by Statitsical Analysis software (SAS). In the study area, five plants in the families of Oleaceae, Celastraceae, Lamiaceae, and Rutaceae were identified and used by the majority of respondents with perceptions of enhancing th...
This study evaluated the effect of bovine breed on milk composition under the same environmental ... more This study evaluated the effect of bovine breed on milk composition under the same environmental conditions. Thirty two dairy cattle breeds of Holstein Friesian, Ethiopian Ogaden cattle, Jersey x Horro crosses, and Holstein Friesian x Jersey x Horro crosses were used in the study. Eight cows in early lactation stage and with the same parity were purposively selected from each breed and monitored for 60 days. Animals were maintained under intensive systems and all consumed on the same diet. 100ml milk samples collected three times every twenty days from each milking cows and separate analysis were done for each breed in duplicate using a MilkoScanTM FTl to determine fat, protein, ash, water, SNF), TS, lactose, and MUN. The major content of milk for breed in this study is within the range for the milk composition standard requirement for bovine. The breed had a significant effect on water (p ≤ 0.0001), Protein (p ≤ 0.05), TS (p ≤ 0.05), fat (p ≤ 0.05), MUN (p ≤ 0.001) and ash (p ≤ 0.0...
The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on m... more The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on milk production and composition. The study was conducted at Haramaya University dairy research farm -using sixteen crossbred dairy cows (Zebu × HolsteinFriesian) which were assigned to two treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of eight cows and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows in both treatment groups were provided similar supplemental concentrate ration formulated from various ingredients but fed on different basal diets which were silage and grass hay. The feeding trial was conducted for a total of 90 days. Milk yield of individual cows were recorded every day and analyzed every two weeks for its chemical composition. Data were analyzed by t-Test for means. The group of cows fed on grass hay relatively produced higher milk yield (17.1) than cows fed on silage (16.1 liters per day). The protein, total solid, solid not fat, and milk urea nitrogen co...
Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2019
Most cattle used for beef production in Ethiopia are Zebu breeds. Usually released for beef when ... more Most cattle used for beef production in Ethiopia are Zebu breeds. Usually released for beef when they are aged for plowing and in poor body condition. However, there is little available information on carcass yield and percentage earned from these cattle. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the carcass yield and the percentage of cattle released for beef after used in draught power. This study used 280 heads of male indigenous draught cattle released for beef. Each cattle were randomly measured for carcass and noncarcass components. Body weight was recorded as animals arrived. Hot carcasses were weighed and cold carcasses were estimated at 0.98 of the hot carcass weight. Dressing proportions were calculated from the ratio of hot carcass weight to slaughter weight. Descriptive statistics for carcass yield, edible and offal components were analyzed by SPSS. The average slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, dressing and shrinkage percentage recorded in this study was 247.93+5.27, 90.98+ 2.11, 36.98+0.94 and 0.74+0.02, respectively. The amount of total deboned lean meat was 60.38kg (24.35% of the slaughter body weight). The price of live animals and the amount of carcass and other edible parts attained from it, is not worthy of comparison and there was a loss of 402.66+ 0.29 Birr per each cattle. Therefore, draught cattle released for beef after draught power should be fattened either by farmers or beef farm to recover their body weight loss due to agricultural work load.
Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 2019
The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on m... more The objective of this study was to determine effect of replacing grass hay with maize silage on milk production and composition. The study was conducted at Haramaya University dairy research farm -using sixteen crossbred dairy cows (Zebu × Holstein-Friesian) which were assigned to two treatment groups. Each treatment group consisted of eight cows and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows in both treatment groups were provided similar supplemental concentrate ration formulated from various ingredients but fed on different basal diets which were silage and grass hay. The feeding trial was conducted for a total of 90 days. Milk yield of individual cows were recorded every day and analyzed every two weeks for its chemical composition. Data were analyzed by t-Test for means. The group of cows fed on grass hay relatively produced higher milk yield (17.1) than cows fed on silage (16.1 liters per day). The protein, total solid, solid not fat, and milk urea nitrogen c...
Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, 2017
Background: Modern livestock health care is still at its lowest stage in Ethiopia and most modern... more Background: Modern livestock health care is still at its lowest stage in Ethiopia and most modern veterinary services like drugs and veterinary professionals are not accessible and affordable to the majority of pastoral farmers. As a result, they are heavily relying on their traditional knowledge and practices on locally available materials mainly plants in the management of animal diseases. However, this traditional knowledge has not yet been well documented and analyzed. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify medicinal plants and examine factors that threaten ethno-veterinary. Methods: This study was conducted in Ethiopian Somaliland regional state, Shinle zone. Survey was conducted to gather information from 180 households on indigenous knowledge using a semi-structured questionnaire and filed guided observations. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS. The variability of documented knowledge and the homogeneity of the information given by the respondents were estimated by informant consensus factor. Results: Thirty-one plant species belonging to eighteen families used against fourteen types of livestock health problems. Majority of plant identified fall under Fabaceae (22.5%) and Euphorbiaceae (16.1%) family that are largely shrubs. The most commonly used plant parts were roots (35.5%) followed by leaves (25.8%). Remedy preparation was mainly through chop and soak in concoction of water and salt. Oral, topical and nasal route were the common mode of administration with no standardized dosing and treatment duration. The principal threats of medicinal plants were invasive plants, drought, over grazing, agricultural activity and firewood collection. Indigenous knowledge on ethno-veterinary medicinal plants was accepted orally from healer's forefathers and transmitted similarly. Conclusion: Awareness should be raised and ethno-veterinary medicine should be integrated in to livestock extension delivery systems for the need to exploit the possibility of discovering more medicinally viable plants. Further studies needed under controlled conditions on the efficacy of such plants.
Maize Silage effect on Feedlot Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Ethiopian Cattle
International Journal of Livestock Research, 2022
Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2021
Several studies were conducted on evaluation of heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effects for di... more Several studies were conducted on evaluation of heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effects for different chicken breeds. However, there is a limited information on the heterosis, maternal and reciprocal-effect for crossbreed of Fayoumi and White Leghorn. Therefore; this study was designed to evaluate the heterosis, maternal and reciprocal effects on different traits for crossbreed of Fayoumi and White Leghorn from day-old to age at first egg. A total of six hundred chicks were selected,150 from each genotype and evaluated simultaneously under the same management. The specific and general heterosis, maternal, and reciprocal effects were estimated for all traits. The heterosis of body weight ranged from 3.06 to 21.31% for the main and 1.35 to 14.89% the reciprocal crossbred, which is within the recommended range (-6.5-26.2%). The heterosis of weight gain ranged from -0.07 to 33.03%. The F1 of Fayoumi cocks and White Leghorn hens exhibited a higher positive heterotic recorded for the ...
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2017
The study was conducted to determine effect of egg-weight on hatchability and subsequent growth p... more The study was conducted to determine effect of egg-weight on hatchability and subsequent growth performance of Fayoumi breeds. A total of 576 eggs were purposively selected and arranged into three groups of small, medium and large sizes each with 192 eggs. Each egg group was randomly sub-divided into three replicates of 64 eggs in a CRD. Eggs were incubated for 21 days and chicks hatched on the same day were counted and individually weighed. Chicks were intensively raised on deep litter system for eight weeks on same diet, but kept separately according to their initial treatment of eggs. Data was analyzed by GLM of SAS and separated for means by Duncan’s multiple-range test. The study result revealed that egg size had effect on hatchability and strongly influenced all parameters measured during the brooding periods. It has significant effect on day-old weight, body weight, final weight gain, final feed conversion and mortality. Chicken producers may opt for medium-sized eggs princip...