Fàtty's Zora - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fàtty's Zora
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009
Please cite this article in press as: Jalč, D., et al., Effect of inoculated corn silage on rumen... more Please cite this article in press as: Jalč, D., et al., Effect of inoculated corn silage on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC).
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2003
Kensington Pride' mango aroma volatile compounds emitted during ripening were studied using heads... more Kensington Pride' mango aroma volatile compounds emitted during ripening were studied using headspace solidphase microextraction as a sampling method and gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector as well as gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry for analysis. Fruit were ripe on the seventh day of the ripening period, which corresponded to the fruit being eating soft and a skin colour that was 75% yellow. Ethylene production and respiration reached a peak on the fourth day of ripening. Most of the fatty acids increased during fruit ripening. Sixty-one aroma volatile compounds were identified, of which 35 compounds have not been reported previously in 'Kensington Pride' mango. ('/)-Spathulenol and b-maaliene were found for the first time in mango fruit. The most abundant group of volatile compounds was hydrocarbons, accounting for about 59% of the total identified compounds, followed by esters (20%). a-Terpinolene was the major compound during the first 7 days of ripening and later ethyl octanoate became the major compound. Except for car-3-ene, the concentration of major monoterpenes increased for the first 3 or 4 days and decreased afterwards. Most of the major sesquiterpenes were intensively synthesised in the early part of the ripening process. The production of three major esters increased quite sharply during fruit ripening. It appeared that production of terpenes was parallel with production of ethylene, whilst production of esters appeared to be associated with production of fatty acids. #
Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2007
Cell Biology International, 2005
The influence of insulin (17.4 nmol l ÿ1 ) on total gas and methane production, the concentration... more The influence of insulin (17.4 nmol l ÿ1 ) on total gas and methane production, the concentration of total and individual fatty acids and dry matter degradability was investigated in the rumen ciliate culture of Entodinium caudatum. The experimental groups consisted of control group (without insulin) and two groups with insulin application e single shot and long-term application (over 30 days). Fermentation activity of each experimental group was observed on two subgroups: whole protozoan culture (protozoa plus bacteria) and bacterial fraction (bacteria without protozoa). Long-term application of insulin significantly increased methane production and DM degradability in the whole protozoan culture. Total VFA concentration was significantly increased by longterm as well as single-dose application of insulin (by 255% and 158%, respectively). The growth of the protozoa was not influenced by insulin treatments. It can be concluded that the fermentation activity of the community of the rumen ciliate Entodinium caudatum culture was marked stimulated by application of insulin. Ó
Nutrition Research, 2009
This study examined patterns of changes in plasma fatty acids and carotenoids when women were ask... more This study examined patterns of changes in plasma fatty acids and carotenoids when women were asked to follow a novel, Greek-Mediterranean exchange list diet. A total of 69 healthy, non-obese, women ages 25-59, were randomized to either continue their own usual diet or to follow a modified Mediterranean diet for six months. There were no significant changes in blood lipids, triacylglycerol, insulin, glucose or C-reactive protein. Mean plasma carotenoids increased by 55%, which is consistent with a large increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. Likewise, changes in fat intakes were reflected in blood fatty acids, with a 25% increase in mean plasma monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Principal component analysis was conducted to examine the sources of inter-individual variation for changes in carotenoid and fatty acid levels. Changes in the Mediterranean diet were clustered together in four components that accounted for 78% of the variance in plasma levels. Increases in plasma lutein, αand β-carotene clustered together in a "vegetable" pattern, and increases in carotenoids found in fruit, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, also clustered together but accounted for less of the variance. Increases in plasma MUFA were clustered with a decrease in plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids, consistent with substitution in the type of oils consumed. The only association of fatty acid levels with carotenoids was that of lycopene, which clustered together with an increase in saturated fatty acids. The changes in blood levels indicate the exchange list diet was effective for targeting Mediterranean nutrient intakes using foods available in the United States.
The effects of linoleic acid supplementation on protozoa counts, fermentation parameters and fatt... more The effects of linoleic acid supplementation on protozoa counts, fermentation parameters and fatty-acid composition of Entodinium caudatum and Diploplastron affine were examined in in vitro cultures. Entodinium caudatum (EC) and Diploplastron affine (DA) were isolated from the rumen of sheep (Slovak Merino breed) and cultivated anaerobically in the presence of bacteria in caudatum-type medium. To test the effect of soluble linoleic acid (LA) on protozoan growth, both ciliate species were supplemented with LA (1.51 µg/L) on the day of dilution over a 30-day period. Twenty-four-hour fermentation parameters were examined on both ciliate cultures and their respective bacterial fractions. Ciliate counts of both EC and DA cultures were not significantly affected by supplemented LA. The major impact of the soluble form of LA supplement was found in the bacterial fractions of both ciliate cultures. LA supplementation had a greater effect on fermentation parameters and fatty-acid contents in the EC experimental groups than in the DA groups. Our results suggest that experimental rumen ciliates and their associated bacterial populations had different metabolic responses to the tested form and concentration of supplemented LA. key words: Protozoa, fatty acids, rumen fermentation parameters, in vitro. abbreviations: CLA -conjugated linoleic acids; DA -Diploplastron affine; EC -Entodinium caudatum; IVDMD -in vitro dry matter degradability; LA -linoleic acid; VFA -volatile fatty acids; SFA -saturated fatty acids; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids (C6:0-C10:0); MCFA -medium chain fatty acids (C12:0-C16:1); LCFA -long-chain fatty acids (>C17:0); MUFA -monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA -polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009
Effects of providing diets containing grass silage (12 g of DM/day) and barley grain (3 g DM/day)... more Effects of providing diets containing grass silage (12 g of DM/day) and barley grain (3 g DM/day) to an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) in which the grass was not inoculated (GS, control), or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 4000 (GS + LP), Lactobacillus fermentum LF2 (GS + LF) or Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 (GS + EF) on rumen metabolism was examined. Diets were fermented in fermentation vessels for 12 days, which included a stabilization period of 6 days. Although treatment GS + EF reached the highest cell counts among the 3 silage inoculants evaluated, GS + LP had the greatest alterations in rumen fermentation patterns and lipid metabolism. Dry matter and organic matter degradabilities were increased (P<0.05) during fermentation of the GS + LP diet, and production of propionate (P<0.001) also increased. The decrease in total production of volatile fatty acids (VFA, P<0.001, P<0.01) occurred in the grass silages inoculated with the strains CCM 4000 and LF2 (GS + EF, GS + LF) in comparison to the GS diet. Production of acetate (P<0.001, P<0.01) and n-butyrate (P<0.001) was also decreased. However, the inoculated grass silages diets did not have altered methane production or efficiency of microbial protein synthesis Abbreviations: ADF, acid detergent fibre; A/P ratio, acetate to propionate ratio; A + B/P ratio, ketogenic to glucogenic acids; BH, biohydrogenation; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid (cis 9 trans 11 C18:2)
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2011
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy and postpartum depression are associa... more Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy and postpartum depression are associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. While antidepressants are readily used in pregnancy, studies have raised concerns regarding neurobehavioral outcomes in exposed infants. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, most frequently from fish oil, has emerged as a possible treatment or prevention strategy for MDD in non-pregnant individuals, and may have beneficial effects in pregnant women. Although published observational studies in the psychiatric literature suggest that maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency may lead to the development of MDD in pregnancy and postpartum, there are more intervention trials suggesting clinical benefit for supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in MDD. Methods/Design The Mothers, Omega-3 and Mental Health study is a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial to assess whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may prevent antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among pregnant women at risk for depression. We plan to recruit 126 pregnant women at less than 20 weeks gestation from prenatal clinics at two health systems in Ann Arbor, Michigan and the surrounding communities. We will follow them prospectively over the course of their pregnancies and up to 6 weeks postpartum. Enrolled participants will be randomized to one of three groups: a) EPA-rich fish oil supplement (1060 mg EPA plus 274 mg DHA) b) DHA-rich fish oil supplement (900 mg DHA plus 180 mg EPA; or c) a placebo. The primary outcome for this study is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score at 6 weeks postpartum. We will need to randomize 126 women to have 80% power to detect a 50% reduction in participants' mean BDI scores with EPA or DHA supplementation compared with placebo. We will also gather information on secondary outcome measures which will include: omega-3 fatty acid concentrations in maternal plasma and cord blood, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in maternal and cord blood, need for and dosage of antidepressant medications, and obstetrical outcomes. Analyses will be by intent to treat. Discussion This study compares the relative effectiveness of DHA and EPA at preventing depressive symptoms among pregnant women at risk. Trial registration Clinical trial registration number: NCT00711971
Folia Microbiologica, 2000
The methanogenic activity in the presence ofEntodinium caudatum andEpidinium ecaudatum was well p... more The methanogenic activity in the presence ofEntodinium caudatum andEpidinium ecaudatum was well preserved after long-term cultivation. Microscopic observation revealed that methane production in the presence ofE. caudatum was probably caused by their intracellular methanogenic activity, while methane production in the presence ofE. ecaudatum f.caudatum etecaudatum could be atributed to both the methanogenic bacterial fraction of their external surface and their intracellular activity. Methane production per protozoan cell ofE. caudatum andE. ecaudatum was 2.1 nmol per cell per d and 6.0 nmol. per cell per d, respectively.E. caudatum was responsible for almost the entire methane production in the culture. The activity of free methanogens constituted approximately 50% of the total methane production in thee. ecaudatum culture. Decrease of digestibility of substrates and differences in the fermentation end products accompanied the inhibition of methanogenesis in both cultures by penicillin G. streptomycin, chloramphenicol, 2-bromoethanesulfonate, and pyromellitic diimideE. caudatum appeared to be more sensitive thanE. ecaudatum to the compounds tested. Hydrogen recoveries based on both volatile fatty acids and methane production suggested that the methanogenic population appeared not to be fully able to consume hydrogen produced in the protozoan cultures. The culture conditions tested were found to be suitable for experiments on the relationship between rumen ciliate and rumen bacteria.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009
Please cite this article in press as: Jalč, D., et al., Effect of inoculated corn silage on rumen... more Please cite this article in press as: Jalč, D., et al., Effect of inoculated corn silage on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC).
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2003
Kensington Pride' mango aroma volatile compounds emitted during ripening were studied using heads... more Kensington Pride' mango aroma volatile compounds emitted during ripening were studied using headspace solidphase microextraction as a sampling method and gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector as well as gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry for analysis. Fruit were ripe on the seventh day of the ripening period, which corresponded to the fruit being eating soft and a skin colour that was 75% yellow. Ethylene production and respiration reached a peak on the fourth day of ripening. Most of the fatty acids increased during fruit ripening. Sixty-one aroma volatile compounds were identified, of which 35 compounds have not been reported previously in 'Kensington Pride' mango. ('/)-Spathulenol and b-maaliene were found for the first time in mango fruit. The most abundant group of volatile compounds was hydrocarbons, accounting for about 59% of the total identified compounds, followed by esters (20%). a-Terpinolene was the major compound during the first 7 days of ripening and later ethyl octanoate became the major compound. Except for car-3-ene, the concentration of major monoterpenes increased for the first 3 or 4 days and decreased afterwards. Most of the major sesquiterpenes were intensively synthesised in the early part of the ripening process. The production of three major esters increased quite sharply during fruit ripening. It appeared that production of terpenes was parallel with production of ethylene, whilst production of esters appeared to be associated with production of fatty acids. #
Chemical Industry & Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2007
Cell Biology International, 2005
The influence of insulin (17.4 nmol l ÿ1 ) on total gas and methane production, the concentration... more The influence of insulin (17.4 nmol l ÿ1 ) on total gas and methane production, the concentration of total and individual fatty acids and dry matter degradability was investigated in the rumen ciliate culture of Entodinium caudatum. The experimental groups consisted of control group (without insulin) and two groups with insulin application e single shot and long-term application (over 30 days). Fermentation activity of each experimental group was observed on two subgroups: whole protozoan culture (protozoa plus bacteria) and bacterial fraction (bacteria without protozoa). Long-term application of insulin significantly increased methane production and DM degradability in the whole protozoan culture. Total VFA concentration was significantly increased by longterm as well as single-dose application of insulin (by 255% and 158%, respectively). The growth of the protozoa was not influenced by insulin treatments. It can be concluded that the fermentation activity of the community of the rumen ciliate Entodinium caudatum culture was marked stimulated by application of insulin. Ó
Nutrition Research, 2009
This study examined patterns of changes in plasma fatty acids and carotenoids when women were ask... more This study examined patterns of changes in plasma fatty acids and carotenoids when women were asked to follow a novel, Greek-Mediterranean exchange list diet. A total of 69 healthy, non-obese, women ages 25-59, were randomized to either continue their own usual diet or to follow a modified Mediterranean diet for six months. There were no significant changes in blood lipids, triacylglycerol, insulin, glucose or C-reactive protein. Mean plasma carotenoids increased by 55%, which is consistent with a large increase in fruit and vegetable consumption. Likewise, changes in fat intakes were reflected in blood fatty acids, with a 25% increase in mean plasma monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Principal component analysis was conducted to examine the sources of inter-individual variation for changes in carotenoid and fatty acid levels. Changes in the Mediterranean diet were clustered together in four components that accounted for 78% of the variance in plasma levels. Increases in plasma lutein, αand β-carotene clustered together in a "vegetable" pattern, and increases in carotenoids found in fruit, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, also clustered together but accounted for less of the variance. Increases in plasma MUFA were clustered with a decrease in plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids, consistent with substitution in the type of oils consumed. The only association of fatty acid levels with carotenoids was that of lycopene, which clustered together with an increase in saturated fatty acids. The changes in blood levels indicate the exchange list diet was effective for targeting Mediterranean nutrient intakes using foods available in the United States.
The effects of linoleic acid supplementation on protozoa counts, fermentation parameters and fatt... more The effects of linoleic acid supplementation on protozoa counts, fermentation parameters and fatty-acid composition of Entodinium caudatum and Diploplastron affine were examined in in vitro cultures. Entodinium caudatum (EC) and Diploplastron affine (DA) were isolated from the rumen of sheep (Slovak Merino breed) and cultivated anaerobically in the presence of bacteria in caudatum-type medium. To test the effect of soluble linoleic acid (LA) on protozoan growth, both ciliate species were supplemented with LA (1.51 µg/L) on the day of dilution over a 30-day period. Twenty-four-hour fermentation parameters were examined on both ciliate cultures and their respective bacterial fractions. Ciliate counts of both EC and DA cultures were not significantly affected by supplemented LA. The major impact of the soluble form of LA supplement was found in the bacterial fractions of both ciliate cultures. LA supplementation had a greater effect on fermentation parameters and fatty-acid contents in the EC experimental groups than in the DA groups. Our results suggest that experimental rumen ciliates and their associated bacterial populations had different metabolic responses to the tested form and concentration of supplemented LA. key words: Protozoa, fatty acids, rumen fermentation parameters, in vitro. abbreviations: CLA -conjugated linoleic acids; DA -Diploplastron affine; EC -Entodinium caudatum; IVDMD -in vitro dry matter degradability; LA -linoleic acid; VFA -volatile fatty acids; SFA -saturated fatty acids; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids (C6:0-C10:0); MCFA -medium chain fatty acids (C12:0-C16:1); LCFA -long-chain fatty acids (>C17:0); MUFA -monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA -polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009
Effects of providing diets containing grass silage (12 g of DM/day) and barley grain (3 g DM/day)... more Effects of providing diets containing grass silage (12 g of DM/day) and barley grain (3 g DM/day) to an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) in which the grass was not inoculated (GS, control), or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum CCM 4000 (GS + LP), Lactobacillus fermentum LF2 (GS + LF) or Enterococcus faecium CCM 4231 (GS + EF) on rumen metabolism was examined. Diets were fermented in fermentation vessels for 12 days, which included a stabilization period of 6 days. Although treatment GS + EF reached the highest cell counts among the 3 silage inoculants evaluated, GS + LP had the greatest alterations in rumen fermentation patterns and lipid metabolism. Dry matter and organic matter degradabilities were increased (P<0.05) during fermentation of the GS + LP diet, and production of propionate (P<0.001) also increased. The decrease in total production of volatile fatty acids (VFA, P<0.001, P<0.01) occurred in the grass silages inoculated with the strains CCM 4000 and LF2 (GS + EF, GS + LF) in comparison to the GS diet. Production of acetate (P<0.001, P<0.01) and n-butyrate (P<0.001) was also decreased. However, the inoculated grass silages diets did not have altered methane production or efficiency of microbial protein synthesis Abbreviations: ADF, acid detergent fibre; A/P ratio, acetate to propionate ratio; A + B/P ratio, ketogenic to glucogenic acids; BH, biohydrogenation; CLA, conjugated linoleic acid (cis 9 trans 11 C18:2)
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2011
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy and postpartum depression are associa... more Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) during pregnancy and postpartum depression are associated with significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. While antidepressants are readily used in pregnancy, studies have raised concerns regarding neurobehavioral outcomes in exposed infants. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, most frequently from fish oil, has emerged as a possible treatment or prevention strategy for MDD in non-pregnant individuals, and may have beneficial effects in pregnant women. Although published observational studies in the psychiatric literature suggest that maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency may lead to the development of MDD in pregnancy and postpartum, there are more intervention trials suggesting clinical benefit for supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in MDD. Methods/Design The Mothers, Omega-3 and Mental Health study is a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial to assess whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation may prevent antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among pregnant women at risk for depression. We plan to recruit 126 pregnant women at less than 20 weeks gestation from prenatal clinics at two health systems in Ann Arbor, Michigan and the surrounding communities. We will follow them prospectively over the course of their pregnancies and up to 6 weeks postpartum. Enrolled participants will be randomized to one of three groups: a) EPA-rich fish oil supplement (1060 mg EPA plus 274 mg DHA) b) DHA-rich fish oil supplement (900 mg DHA plus 180 mg EPA; or c) a placebo. The primary outcome for this study is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score at 6 weeks postpartum. We will need to randomize 126 women to have 80% power to detect a 50% reduction in participants' mean BDI scores with EPA or DHA supplementation compared with placebo. We will also gather information on secondary outcome measures which will include: omega-3 fatty acid concentrations in maternal plasma and cord blood, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in maternal and cord blood, need for and dosage of antidepressant medications, and obstetrical outcomes. Analyses will be by intent to treat. Discussion This study compares the relative effectiveness of DHA and EPA at preventing depressive symptoms among pregnant women at risk. Trial registration Clinical trial registration number: NCT00711971
Folia Microbiologica, 2000
The methanogenic activity in the presence ofEntodinium caudatum andEpidinium ecaudatum was well p... more The methanogenic activity in the presence ofEntodinium caudatum andEpidinium ecaudatum was well preserved after long-term cultivation. Microscopic observation revealed that methane production in the presence ofE. caudatum was probably caused by their intracellular methanogenic activity, while methane production in the presence ofE. ecaudatum f.caudatum etecaudatum could be atributed to both the methanogenic bacterial fraction of their external surface and their intracellular activity. Methane production per protozoan cell ofE. caudatum andE. ecaudatum was 2.1 nmol per cell per d and 6.0 nmol. per cell per d, respectively.E. caudatum was responsible for almost the entire methane production in the culture. The activity of free methanogens constituted approximately 50% of the total methane production in thee. ecaudatum culture. Decrease of digestibility of substrates and differences in the fermentation end products accompanied the inhibition of methanogenesis in both cultures by penicillin G. streptomycin, chloramphenicol, 2-bromoethanesulfonate, and pyromellitic diimideE. caudatum appeared to be more sensitive thanE. ecaudatum to the compounds tested. Hydrogen recoveries based on both volatile fatty acids and methane production suggested that the methanogenic population appeared not to be fully able to consume hydrogen produced in the protozoan cultures. The culture conditions tested were found to be suitable for experiments on the relationship between rumen ciliate and rumen bacteria.