Francisco Girio - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Francisco Girio
Fuel, Sep 1, 2019
This paper reports the use of lignin-rich residues from second generation bioethanol production, ... more This paper reports the use of lignin-rich residues from second generation bioethanol production, to produce syngas that can be applied in the gas fermentation process. Three gasification technologies at a different scale were considered in this study. Fixed bed updraft gasification of about 30 kg/h solid feed, bubbling fluidized bed gasification of about 0.3 kg/h solid feed and indirect gasification of about 3 kg/h solid feed. Two lignin-rich residues with different properties were tested and the results were evaluated in terms of feedstock pretreatment (grinding, drying and pelleting) and syngas quality requirements for the fermentation process. The molar H 2 /CO ratio (ranging from 0.6 to 1.0) and the tar yield (18-108 g/Nm 3) obtained from the three gasification technologies was quite different. For the syngas fermentation process, low H 2 to CO ratio is preferred, as most of the organisms grow better on CO than H 2. Furthermore, different contents of impurities that can reduce the fermentability of the gas (such as hydrocarbons, HCN, HCl, NH 3 , COS and other organic S-compounds) were detected in the product gas. The concentration of these compounds in the syngas is related to the content of the corresponding compounds in the original feedstock. The different characteristics of the lignin-rich feedstocks are related to the specific pre-treatment technologies for the (hemi)cellulose extraction. By tuning the pre-treatment technology, the properties of the feedstock can be improved, making it a suitable for gasification. Tar and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds need to be removed to very low levels prior to the fermentation process. As a next step, the combination of the gasification and the appropriate product gas cleaning, with the syngas fermentation process for the production of bio-alcohols will be evaluated and the overall efficiency of the gasification-fermentation process will be assessed.
Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosi... more Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.
Elsevier eBooks, 2019
Abstract Nowadays bioenergy is being challenged about its future role in a clean energy-based soc... more Abstract Nowadays bioenergy is being challenged about its future role in a clean energy-based society for all Europeans. More than ever, bioenergy needs to reinvent its role under the environment of continuous changes in the energy integration mix based on renewables sources both for transportation purposes and for stationary purposes (heat, cooling, and power). The next generation of biofuels, also called advanced biofuels, must meet the composition required as drop-in biofuels to avoid the costs of new powertrain infrastructures. To improve net process efficiency of biomass conversion and, simultaneously, to develop cost-effective technologies to novel biofuels production is a cornerstone for next 10-years research. Sections 9.2–9.4 discuss the emerging new biofuels obtained either from biochemical-based pathways or thermochemical-based pathways. Section 9.5 is dedicated to heat and power technologies with emphasis on both farm and village-scale power production as well as the novel trends on bioenergy applications for urban cities.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997
The formate dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from dent formate dehydrogenases have been purified and ... more The formate dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from dent formate dehydrogenases have been purified and cells of Methylobacterium sp. RXM grown on molybdecharacterized from Moraxella sp. C-1 (4), Pseudomonas num-containing mineral medium using methanol as sp. 101 (former Achromobacter parvulus) (5,6), Cancarbon source, was partially purified (at least 90% pure dida methanolica (7,8), Pichia pastoris (9) and Candida as revealed by SDS-PAGE). The enzyme is unstable unmethylica (10). All of them have similar molecular propder oxygen and all the purification steps were conerties being a homogeneous family showing two identiducted under strict anaerobic conditions. The molecucal sub-units, low molecular mass (around 90 kDa), low lar mass is 75 kDa (gel exclusion 300 kDa). The enzyme affinity for formate and been indicated to not contain was characterized in terms of the kinetic parameters any group prosthetic or metal ions (3,11). towards different substrates and electron acceptors, However, there are exceptions. For example, the en-pH and temperature dependence and the effect of a zymes from Pseudomonas oxalaticus and Alcaligenes wide range of compounds in the enzymatic activity. eutrophus. The first is a high-molecular mass complex The EPR spectra of the dithionite reduced sample flavoprotein (315 kDa), containing two flavin monoshow, at low temperature (below 20 K), two rhombic nucleotide molecules, non-heme iron and acid-labile EPR signals due to two distinct [Fe-S] centres (centre I at g-values 2.023, 1.951 and 1.933, and centre II at g-sulfur atoms (12) and the other is a heterotetramer of values 2.054 and 1.913). At high temperature (around 197.000 kDa containing one flavin mononucleotide and 100 K) another rhombic EPR signal is optimally obiron-sulfur centers (13). In addition, physiological eviserved at g-values 2.002, 1.987 and 1.959 and attributed dence suggested that in presence of molybdenum, aeroto the molybdenum site. The EPR signals assigned to bic FDHs from Pseudomonas sp. 101 (14), Mycobactethe iron-sulfur centres show a strong analogy with the rium vaccae 10 (15) and Methylobacterium sp. RXM aldehyde oxido-reductase from Desulfovibrio gigas (16,17) could resemble the molecular properties of known to contain a Mo-pterin and two [2Fe-2S] centres FDHs isolated from anaerobic organisms which are and whose crystallographic structure was recently recharacterised to be complex iron-sulfur-containing prosolved.
Molecules, Feb 23, 2019
Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosi... more Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.
Bioresource Technology, Feb 1, 2000
The kinetics of polyols production by Debaryomyces hansenii was studied both on single substrate ... more The kinetics of polyols production by Debaryomyces hansenii was studied both on single substrate and mixed substrate-containing media. From the single substrate experiments, polyols (xylitol and arabitol) and ethanol were produced from pentose sugars while ethanol was produced in significant amounts only from glucose-grown D. hansenii. The maximal xylitol volumetric productivity (Qxylitol), 0.28 g l−1 h−1 was obtained from D-xylose, whereas the maximal arabitol volumetric productivity (Qarabitol), 0.04 g l−1 h−1 was observed with arabinose. When D. hansenii was cultivated with mixed substrates, a simultaneous sugar consumption pattern occurred both for glucose/arabinose and xylose/arabinose mixtures. The addition of low amounts of xylose to an arabinose medium led to a fourfold increase in the arabitol volumetric productivity: 0.17 g l−1 h−1. Conversely, glucose addition had no effect on arabitol production. Xylitol was the main polyol produced for all tested cultivation conditions by D. hansenii. An enzymatic study of the first two xylose-catabolic enzymes in glucose and xylose-grown D. hansenii revealed that both enzymes were induced by D-xylose. Glucose caused total inhibition of xylitol dehydrogenase, whereas xylose reductase was only partially repressed.
Results on enzymatic deinking of paper pulps are shown. The process includes paper pulping, with ... more Results on enzymatic deinking of paper pulps are shown. The process includes paper pulping, with an enzymatic cocktail, followed by flotation and dewatering. Three different wastepaper samples were used and tested. The deinking of the pulp was monitored by ...
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2016
The steam explosion was carried out in the absence (autohydrolysis) and presence of phosphoric ac... more The steam explosion was carried out in the absence (autohydrolysis) and presence of phosphoric acid to evaluate the effects of temperature (180 and 210 °C), acid concentration (0 and 19 mg g-1 , dry basis) and pretreatment time (5 and 10 min) on the structure and reactivity of sugarcane bagasse. Glucan recovery was used as the main response factor for pretreatment optimization through a central composite design. Autohydrolysis at 210 °C for 10 min had a good pretreatment performance but phosphoric acid catalysis (19 mg g-1) resulted in better yields under considerably milder conditions (180 °C, 5 min). Hydrolysis of both substrates for 96 h using 8 wt.% total solids and 30 mg g-1 Cellic ® CTec2 (Novozymes) provided total glucose yields of 75% in average. The production of cellulosic ethanol was assessed by both separate and simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Freeze-drying of pretreatment water solubles reduced the concentration of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid by more than 80% and this eliminated their inhibitory effect on yeast fermentation.
Molecules, Dec 15, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
This study evaluated the production of endoxylanases by Streptomyces malaysiensis AMT-3 in submer... more This study evaluated the production of endoxylanases by Streptomyces malaysiensis AMT-3 in submerged fermentation using by-products of the food industry at 28ºC. In shake-flasks experiments, the highest endoxylanase activity of 45.8 U.mL-1 was observed within 6 days in a medium containing (w/v) 2.5% wheat bran and 1.2% corn steep liquor. The same culture conditions were used to evaluate the enzyme production in a 2 L stirred tank reactor under different agitation (300, 450 and 600 rev.min-1) and aeration (30 and 60 L.h-1) conditions. The use of 450 rev.min-1 coupled to an aeration of 90 L.h-1 resulted on 81.3 U.mL-1 endoxylanase activity within 5 days. The effect of temperature and pH on endoxylanase activity and stability showed the highest activity at 60 ºC and pH 6.0. Zymography showed the presence of three xylanolytic bands with molecular masses of 690, 180 and 142 kDa. The results showed that the thermotolerant actinobacterial endoxylanase can be produced in high titers using by-product of the food industry.
Fermentation
Microalgae represent a promising solution in addressing the impacts associated with the current a... more Microalgae represent a promising solution in addressing the impacts associated with the current agricultural and manufacturing practices which are causing irreparable environmental damage. Microalgae have considerable biosynthetic potential, being a rich source of lipids, proteins, and high-value compounds. Under the scope of the H2020-BBI MULTI-STR3AM project, an innovative large-scale production system of valuable commodities for the food, feed, and fragrance sectors is being developed on the basis of microalgae, reducing costs, increasing the scale of production, and boosting value chain sustainability. In this work, we aimed to create a process model that can mimic an industrial plant to estimate mass and energy balances, optimize scheduling, and calculate production costs for a large-scale plant. Three autotrophic microalgae strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp. and Spirulina sp.) were considered for this assessment, as well as the use of locally sourced CO2 (flue gas). ...
Fuel, Sep 1, 2019
This paper reports the use of lignin-rich residues from second generation bioethanol production, ... more This paper reports the use of lignin-rich residues from second generation bioethanol production, to produce syngas that can be applied in the gas fermentation process. Three gasification technologies at a different scale were considered in this study. Fixed bed updraft gasification of about 30 kg/h solid feed, bubbling fluidized bed gasification of about 0.3 kg/h solid feed and indirect gasification of about 3 kg/h solid feed. Two lignin-rich residues with different properties were tested and the results were evaluated in terms of feedstock pretreatment (grinding, drying and pelleting) and syngas quality requirements for the fermentation process. The molar H 2 /CO ratio (ranging from 0.6 to 1.0) and the tar yield (18-108 g/Nm 3) obtained from the three gasification technologies was quite different. For the syngas fermentation process, low H 2 to CO ratio is preferred, as most of the organisms grow better on CO than H 2. Furthermore, different contents of impurities that can reduce the fermentability of the gas (such as hydrocarbons, HCN, HCl, NH 3 , COS and other organic S-compounds) were detected in the product gas. The concentration of these compounds in the syngas is related to the content of the corresponding compounds in the original feedstock. The different characteristics of the lignin-rich feedstocks are related to the specific pre-treatment technologies for the (hemi)cellulose extraction. By tuning the pre-treatment technology, the properties of the feedstock can be improved, making it a suitable for gasification. Tar and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds need to be removed to very low levels prior to the fermentation process. As a next step, the combination of the gasification and the appropriate product gas cleaning, with the syngas fermentation process for the production of bio-alcohols will be evaluated and the overall efficiency of the gasification-fermentation process will be assessed.
Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosi... more Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.
Elsevier eBooks, 2019
Abstract Nowadays bioenergy is being challenged about its future role in a clean energy-based soc... more Abstract Nowadays bioenergy is being challenged about its future role in a clean energy-based society for all Europeans. More than ever, bioenergy needs to reinvent its role under the environment of continuous changes in the energy integration mix based on renewables sources both for transportation purposes and for stationary purposes (heat, cooling, and power). The next generation of biofuels, also called advanced biofuels, must meet the composition required as drop-in biofuels to avoid the costs of new powertrain infrastructures. To improve net process efficiency of biomass conversion and, simultaneously, to develop cost-effective technologies to novel biofuels production is a cornerstone for next 10-years research. Sections 9.2–9.4 discuss the emerging new biofuels obtained either from biochemical-based pathways or thermochemical-based pathways. Section 9.5 is dedicated to heat and power technologies with emphasis on both farm and village-scale power production as well as the novel trends on bioenergy applications for urban cities.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 1997
The formate dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from dent formate dehydrogenases have been purified and ... more The formate dehydrogenase (FDH) isolated from dent formate dehydrogenases have been purified and cells of Methylobacterium sp. RXM grown on molybdecharacterized from Moraxella sp. C-1 (4), Pseudomonas num-containing mineral medium using methanol as sp. 101 (former Achromobacter parvulus) (5,6), Cancarbon source, was partially purified (at least 90% pure dida methanolica (7,8), Pichia pastoris (9) and Candida as revealed by SDS-PAGE). The enzyme is unstable unmethylica (10). All of them have similar molecular propder oxygen and all the purification steps were conerties being a homogeneous family showing two identiducted under strict anaerobic conditions. The molecucal sub-units, low molecular mass (around 90 kDa), low lar mass is 75 kDa (gel exclusion 300 kDa). The enzyme affinity for formate and been indicated to not contain was characterized in terms of the kinetic parameters any group prosthetic or metal ions (3,11). towards different substrates and electron acceptors, However, there are exceptions. For example, the en-pH and temperature dependence and the effect of a zymes from Pseudomonas oxalaticus and Alcaligenes wide range of compounds in the enzymatic activity. eutrophus. The first is a high-molecular mass complex The EPR spectra of the dithionite reduced sample flavoprotein (315 kDa), containing two flavin monoshow, at low temperature (below 20 K), two rhombic nucleotide molecules, non-heme iron and acid-labile EPR signals due to two distinct [Fe-S] centres (centre I at g-values 2.023, 1.951 and 1.933, and centre II at g-sulfur atoms (12) and the other is a heterotetramer of values 2.054 and 1.913). At high temperature (around 197.000 kDa containing one flavin mononucleotide and 100 K) another rhombic EPR signal is optimally obiron-sulfur centers (13). In addition, physiological eviserved at g-values 2.002, 1.987 and 1.959 and attributed dence suggested that in presence of molybdenum, aeroto the molybdenum site. The EPR signals assigned to bic FDHs from Pseudomonas sp. 101 (14), Mycobactethe iron-sulfur centres show a strong analogy with the rium vaccae 10 (15) and Methylobacterium sp. RXM aldehyde oxido-reductase from Desulfovibrio gigas (16,17) could resemble the molecular properties of known to contain a Mo-pterin and two [2Fe-2S] centres FDHs isolated from anaerobic organisms which are and whose crystallographic structure was recently recharacterised to be complex iron-sulfur-containing prosolved.
Molecules, Feb 23, 2019
Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosi... more Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.
Bioresource Technology, Feb 1, 2000
The kinetics of polyols production by Debaryomyces hansenii was studied both on single substrate ... more The kinetics of polyols production by Debaryomyces hansenii was studied both on single substrate and mixed substrate-containing media. From the single substrate experiments, polyols (xylitol and arabitol) and ethanol were produced from pentose sugars while ethanol was produced in significant amounts only from glucose-grown D. hansenii. The maximal xylitol volumetric productivity (Qxylitol), 0.28 g l−1 h−1 was obtained from D-xylose, whereas the maximal arabitol volumetric productivity (Qarabitol), 0.04 g l−1 h−1 was observed with arabinose. When D. hansenii was cultivated with mixed substrates, a simultaneous sugar consumption pattern occurred both for glucose/arabinose and xylose/arabinose mixtures. The addition of low amounts of xylose to an arabinose medium led to a fourfold increase in the arabitol volumetric productivity: 0.17 g l−1 h−1. Conversely, glucose addition had no effect on arabitol production. Xylitol was the main polyol produced for all tested cultivation conditions by D. hansenii. An enzymatic study of the first two xylose-catabolic enzymes in glucose and xylose-grown D. hansenii revealed that both enzymes were induced by D-xylose. Glucose caused total inhibition of xylitol dehydrogenase, whereas xylose reductase was only partially repressed.
Results on enzymatic deinking of paper pulps are shown. The process includes paper pulping, with ... more Results on enzymatic deinking of paper pulps are shown. The process includes paper pulping, with an enzymatic cocktail, followed by flotation and dewatering. Three different wastepaper samples were used and tested. The deinking of the pulp was monitored by ...
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2016
The steam explosion was carried out in the absence (autohydrolysis) and presence of phosphoric ac... more The steam explosion was carried out in the absence (autohydrolysis) and presence of phosphoric acid to evaluate the effects of temperature (180 and 210 °C), acid concentration (0 and 19 mg g-1 , dry basis) and pretreatment time (5 and 10 min) on the structure and reactivity of sugarcane bagasse. Glucan recovery was used as the main response factor for pretreatment optimization through a central composite design. Autohydrolysis at 210 °C for 10 min had a good pretreatment performance but phosphoric acid catalysis (19 mg g-1) resulted in better yields under considerably milder conditions (180 °C, 5 min). Hydrolysis of both substrates for 96 h using 8 wt.% total solids and 30 mg g-1 Cellic ® CTec2 (Novozymes) provided total glucose yields of 75% in average. The production of cellulosic ethanol was assessed by both separate and simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Freeze-drying of pretreatment water solubles reduced the concentration of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and acetic acid by more than 80% and this eliminated their inhibitory effect on yeast fermentation.
Molecules, Dec 15, 2021
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
This study evaluated the production of endoxylanases by Streptomyces malaysiensis AMT-3 in submer... more This study evaluated the production of endoxylanases by Streptomyces malaysiensis AMT-3 in submerged fermentation using by-products of the food industry at 28ºC. In shake-flasks experiments, the highest endoxylanase activity of 45.8 U.mL-1 was observed within 6 days in a medium containing (w/v) 2.5% wheat bran and 1.2% corn steep liquor. The same culture conditions were used to evaluate the enzyme production in a 2 L stirred tank reactor under different agitation (300, 450 and 600 rev.min-1) and aeration (30 and 60 L.h-1) conditions. The use of 450 rev.min-1 coupled to an aeration of 90 L.h-1 resulted on 81.3 U.mL-1 endoxylanase activity within 5 days. The effect of temperature and pH on endoxylanase activity and stability showed the highest activity at 60 ºC and pH 6.0. Zymography showed the presence of three xylanolytic bands with molecular masses of 690, 180 and 142 kDa. The results showed that the thermotolerant actinobacterial endoxylanase can be produced in high titers using by-product of the food industry.
Fermentation
Microalgae represent a promising solution in addressing the impacts associated with the current a... more Microalgae represent a promising solution in addressing the impacts associated with the current agricultural and manufacturing practices which are causing irreparable environmental damage. Microalgae have considerable biosynthetic potential, being a rich source of lipids, proteins, and high-value compounds. Under the scope of the H2020-BBI MULTI-STR3AM project, an innovative large-scale production system of valuable commodities for the food, feed, and fragrance sectors is being developed on the basis of microalgae, reducing costs, increasing the scale of production, and boosting value chain sustainability. In this work, we aimed to create a process model that can mimic an industrial plant to estimate mass and energy balances, optimize scheduling, and calculate production costs for a large-scale plant. Three autotrophic microalgae strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp. and Spirulina sp.) were considered for this assessment, as well as the use of locally sourced CO2 (flue gas). ...