Fatima HENKRAR - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fatima HENKRAR

Research paper thumbnail of Selection of Salt-Stress-Tolerant Genotypes during Germination, Growth, and Development in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp., durum Desf.)

LAFOBA2

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity and its temporal changes in improved bread wheat cultivars of Morocco

Romanian Agricultural Research, 2015

Genetic diversity in a set of 20 improved bread wheat cultivars released in Morocco since 1980s, ... more Genetic diversity in a set of 20 improved bread wheat cultivars released in Morocco since 1980s, along with 8 exotic bread wheat cultivars, were characterized by employing 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 59 alleles (Mean=4.21) in Moroccan cultivars and 53 alleles (Mean=3.78) in exotic cultivars were detected. Genetic diversity at 14 microsatellite loci varied from 0 to 0.895 (Mean=0.576) for 20 Moroccan cultivars and from 0.25 to 0.928 (Mean=0.683) for the exotic cultivars. The genetic distance among the cultivars ranged from 0.143 to 1.00. Using the 14 microsatellite markers, all the bread wheat cultivars could be distinguished for reliable identification, characterization, and diversity analysis. Total number of alleles decreased in the cultivars developed during 1990s (8.3%) compared with that of 1980s. The AMOVA results suggest that change in the cultivar genetic diversity among different decadal groups of bread wheat was very small and non-significant, indicat...

Research paper thumbnail of L’application des marqueurs moléculaires dans l’amélioration génétique du blé marocain : diversité, caractérisation génétique et sélection assistée par marqueurs des gènes de résistance à la rouille, semi-nanisme et qualité boulangère

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity and structure of a barley collection predominatly from North African region

Cereal Research Communications

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)

PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET

Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick-cooking, n... more Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick-cooking, nutritious, plant-based source of protein in the human diet. Lentil varieties are usually grown close to where they were bred. Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperatures and shifts in lentil crop production areas, necessitating expanded breeding efforts. We show how we can use a daylength and temperature model to identify varieties most likely to succeed in these new environments, expand genetic diversity, and give plant breeders additional knowledge and tools to help mitigate these changes for lentil producers. Summary • Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is cultivated under a wide range of environmental conditions, which has led to diverse phenological adaptations and resulted in a decrease in genetic variability within breeding programs due to reluctance in using genotypes from other environments.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity in algerian durum wheat varieties (Triticum turgidum L var. durum) using microsatellite markers

Bioscience Journal

Characterization of germplasm by DNA-markers provides powerful tool to precise germplasm identifi... more Characterization of germplasm by DNA-markers provides powerful tool to precise germplasm identification. This study aimed to quantify the genetic diversity and to estimate the phylogenetic relationship among genotypes in many crop species. The results of the present study realized between Nov and Dec 2016 in biotechnologie unit (ICARDA, Morocco) which aimed to characterize a subset of 14 Algerian selected durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), using 13 SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) indicated the presence of a total of 39 alleles. The genetic diversity at the 13 microsatellites loci varied from 0,142 for Xgwm337 to 0.735 for Xgwm213 with a mean of 0.444. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.13 to 0.70 and the genetic distance among the cultivars from 0.15 to 0.77. Clustering analysis showed that the studied varieties were grouped according to their population of origin, suggesting a provenance effect in their ordination. In fact the most similar varieties were those introduced from CIMMYT-ICARDA breeding program, which may have common parents in their pedigree. Selections from local landraces were more similar to each other and dissimilar to CIMMYT-ICARDA material, showing an agroecological adaptation.

Research paper thumbnail of Allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in Moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars

3 Biotech

Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and doug... more Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and dough. The glutenin constitutes 30-40% of the protein in wheat flour and about half of that in gluten. It is essential to identify correct glutenin alleles and to improve wheat quality by selecting alleles that exert favorable effects. Moroccan wheat cultivars are unique in West Asia and North Africa region, since many of them possess resistance to Hessian fly, a pest, which is becoming important in other countries in the region. Hence, these cultivars are being used as donor for the resistance in the breeding program. Here, we determine the allelic variation in high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) in Moroccan cultivars of bread and durum wheat using the gene-specific PCR markers. In 20 cultivars of bread wheat, 9 different allele variants were detected at HMW-GS and 13 different allele variants were detected at LMW-GS, in which the alleles Glu-A1b (2*), Glu-B1i (17 ? 18), Glu-B1c (7*/7 ? 9), Glu-D1d (5 ? 10), Glu-A3c, Glu-B3 h, and Glu-D3b were the most frequents. In 26 cultivars of durum wheat, less allelic variation was found: seven different allele variants at HMW-GS and six different allele variants at LMW-GS were identified, in which the major alleles were Glu-A1c (null), Glu-B1b (7 ? 8), Glu-B1e (20), Glu-A3c, and Glu-B3d. The mean value of the genetic diversity for the glutenin loci was 0.502 in bread wheat and 0.449 in durum wheat. Most of the glutenin alleles carried by Moroccan bread wheat cultivars impart good bread-making quality. Most of the durum wheat glutenin alleles were related to low strength dough or poor quality and need to be improved. To improve quality of Moroccan durum wheat, essentially, Glu-A1c and Glu-B3d alleles of the genes should be replaced with the better alleles through breeding.

Research paper thumbnail of Allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in Moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars

3 Biotech

Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and doug... more Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and dough. The glutenin constitutes 30-40% of the protein in wheat flour and about half of that in gluten. It is essential to identify correct glutenin alleles and to improve wheat quality by selecting alleles that exert favorable effects. Moroccan wheat cultivars are unique in West Asia and North Africa region, since many of them possess resistance to Hessian fly, a pest, which is becoming important in other countries in the region. Hence, these cultivars are being used as donor for the resistance in the breeding program. Here, we determine the allelic variation in high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) in Moroccan cultivars of bread and durum wheat using the gene-specific PCR markers. In 20 cultivars of bread wheat, 9 different allele variants were detected at HMW-GS and 13 different allele variants were detected at LMW-GS, in which the alleles Glu-A1b (2*), Glu-B1i (17 ? 18), Glu-B1c (7*/7 ? 9), Glu-D1d (5 ? 10), Glu-A3c, Glu-B3 h, and Glu-D3b were the most frequents. In 26 cultivars of durum wheat, less allelic variation was found: seven different allele variants at HMW-GS and six different allele variants at LMW-GS were identified, in which the major alleles were Glu-A1c (null), Glu-B1b (7 ? 8), Glu-B1e (20), Glu-A3c, and Glu-B3d. The mean value of the genetic diversity for the glutenin loci was 0.502 in bread wheat and 0.449 in durum wheat. Most of the glutenin alleles carried by Moroccan bread wheat cultivars impart good bread-making quality. Most of the durum wheat glutenin alleles were related to low strength dough or poor quality and need to be improved. To improve quality of Moroccan durum wheat, essentially, Glu-A1c and Glu-B3d alleles of the genes should be replaced with the better alleles through breeding.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic characterization of Moroccan and the exotic bread wheat cultivars using functional and random DNA markers linked to the agronomic traits for genomics-assisted improvement

3 Biotech, 2016

Genetic characterization, diversity analysis and estimate of the genetic relationship among varie... more Genetic characterization, diversity analysis and estimate of the genetic relationship among varieties using functional and random DNA markers linked to agronomic traits can provide relevant guidelines in selecting parents and designing new breeding strategies for marker-assisted wheat cultivar improvement. Here, we characterize 20 Moroccan and 19 exotic bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using 47 functional and 7 linked random DNA markers associated with 21 loci of the most important traits for wheat breeding. The functional marker analysis revealed that 35, 45, and 10 % of the Moroccan cultivars, respectively have the rust resistance genes (Lr34/Yr18/ Pm38), dwarfing genes (Rht1b or Rht2b alleles) and the leaf rust resistance gene (Lr68). The marker alleles for genes Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, Sr24 and Yr36 were present only in the exotic cultivars and absent in Moroccan cultivars. 25 % of cultivars had 1BL.1RS translocation. 70 % of the wheat cultivars had Ppo-D1a and Ppo-A1b associated with low polyphenol oxidase activity. 10 % of cultivars showed presence of a random DNA marker allele (175 bp) linked to Hessian fly resistance gene H22. The majority of the Moroccan cultivars were carrying alleles that impart good bread making quality. Neighbor joining (NJ) and principal coordinate analysis based on the marker data revealed a clear differentiation between elite Moroccan and exotic wheat cultivars. The results of this study are useful for selecting suitable parents for making targeted crosses in marker-assisted wheat breeding and enhancing genetic diversity in the wheat cultivars.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity reduction in improved durum wheat cultivars of Morocco as revealed by microsatellite markers

Scientia Agricola, 2016

It has been argued that genetic diversity in crop varieties has been on the decline in recent tim... more It has been argued that genetic diversity in crop varieties has been on the decline in recent times due to plant breeding. This can have serious consequences for both the genetic vulnerability of crops and their plasticity when responding to changes in production environments. It is, therefore, vital for plant breeding programs to maintain sufficient diversity in the cultivars deployed for multi-period cultivation. In this study, to understand the temporal genetic diversity in durum wheat, 21 improved durum wheat cultivars released in Morocco, since 1956 and five exotic cultivars currently used in crossing programs were analyzed using 13 microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed a total of 44 alleles and average genetic diversity of 0.485 with genetic distances ranging from 0.077 to 0.846 at 13 microsatellite loci in Moroccan durum wheat cultivars. All the durum cultivars of Morocco could be distinguished using the 13 microsatellite markers. The total number of alleles and unique alleles were highest in cultivars developed before 1990, decreasing in cultivars developed during the 1990s and 2000s, indicating that recent durum breeding efforts have reduced allelic richness in recent cultivars. Thus, deployment of exotic durum wheat lines in breeding programs could enhance genetic diversity in durum wheat cultivars.

Research paper thumbnail of Selection of Salt-Stress-Tolerant Genotypes during Germination, Growth, and Development in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp., durum Desf.)

LAFOBA2

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity and its temporal changes in improved bread wheat cultivars of Morocco

Romanian Agricultural Research, 2015

Genetic diversity in a set of 20 improved bread wheat cultivars released in Morocco since 1980s, ... more Genetic diversity in a set of 20 improved bread wheat cultivars released in Morocco since 1980s, along with 8 exotic bread wheat cultivars, were characterized by employing 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 59 alleles (Mean=4.21) in Moroccan cultivars and 53 alleles (Mean=3.78) in exotic cultivars were detected. Genetic diversity at 14 microsatellite loci varied from 0 to 0.895 (Mean=0.576) for 20 Moroccan cultivars and from 0.25 to 0.928 (Mean=0.683) for the exotic cultivars. The genetic distance among the cultivars ranged from 0.143 to 1.00. Using the 14 microsatellite markers, all the bread wheat cultivars could be distinguished for reliable identification, characterization, and diversity analysis. Total number of alleles decreased in the cultivars developed during 1990s (8.3%) compared with that of 1980s. The AMOVA results suggest that change in the cultivar genetic diversity among different decadal groups of bread wheat was very small and non-significant, indicat...

Research paper thumbnail of L’application des marqueurs moléculaires dans l’amélioration génétique du blé marocain : diversité, caractérisation génétique et sélection assistée par marqueurs des gènes de résistance à la rouille, semi-nanisme et qualité boulangère

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity and structure of a barley collection predominatly from North African region

Cereal Research Communications

Research paper thumbnail of Understanding photothermal interactions will help expand production range and increase genetic diversity of lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.)

PLANTS, PEOPLE, PLANET

Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick-cooking, n... more Lentil is a staple in many diets around the world and growing in popularity as a quick-cooking, nutritious, plant-based source of protein in the human diet. Lentil varieties are usually grown close to where they were bred. Future climate change scenarios will result in increased temperatures and shifts in lentil crop production areas, necessitating expanded breeding efforts. We show how we can use a daylength and temperature model to identify varieties most likely to succeed in these new environments, expand genetic diversity, and give plant breeders additional knowledge and tools to help mitigate these changes for lentil producers. Summary • Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is cultivated under a wide range of environmental conditions, which has led to diverse phenological adaptations and resulted in a decrease in genetic variability within breeding programs due to reluctance in using genotypes from other environments.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity in algerian durum wheat varieties (Triticum turgidum L var. durum) using microsatellite markers

Bioscience Journal

Characterization of germplasm by DNA-markers provides powerful tool to precise germplasm identifi... more Characterization of germplasm by DNA-markers provides powerful tool to precise germplasm identification. This study aimed to quantify the genetic diversity and to estimate the phylogenetic relationship among genotypes in many crop species. The results of the present study realized between Nov and Dec 2016 in biotechnologie unit (ICARDA, Morocco) which aimed to characterize a subset of 14 Algerian selected durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), using 13 SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) indicated the presence of a total of 39 alleles. The genetic diversity at the 13 microsatellites loci varied from 0,142 for Xgwm337 to 0.735 for Xgwm213 with a mean of 0.444. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.13 to 0.70 and the genetic distance among the cultivars from 0.15 to 0.77. Clustering analysis showed that the studied varieties were grouped according to their population of origin, suggesting a provenance effect in their ordination. In fact the most similar varieties were those introduced from CIMMYT-ICARDA breeding program, which may have common parents in their pedigree. Selections from local landraces were more similar to each other and dissimilar to CIMMYT-ICARDA material, showing an agroecological adaptation.

Research paper thumbnail of Allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in Moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars

3 Biotech

Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and doug... more Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and dough. The glutenin constitutes 30-40% of the protein in wheat flour and about half of that in gluten. It is essential to identify correct glutenin alleles and to improve wheat quality by selecting alleles that exert favorable effects. Moroccan wheat cultivars are unique in West Asia and North Africa region, since many of them possess resistance to Hessian fly, a pest, which is becoming important in other countries in the region. Hence, these cultivars are being used as donor for the resistance in the breeding program. Here, we determine the allelic variation in high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) in Moroccan cultivars of bread and durum wheat using the gene-specific PCR markers. In 20 cultivars of bread wheat, 9 different allele variants were detected at HMW-GS and 13 different allele variants were detected at LMW-GS, in which the alleles Glu-A1b (2*), Glu-B1i (17 ? 18), Glu-B1c (7*/7 ? 9), Glu-D1d (5 ? 10), Glu-A3c, Glu-B3 h, and Glu-D3b were the most frequents. In 26 cultivars of durum wheat, less allelic variation was found: seven different allele variants at HMW-GS and six different allele variants at LMW-GS were identified, in which the major alleles were Glu-A1c (null), Glu-B1b (7 ? 8), Glu-B1e (20), Glu-A3c, and Glu-B3d. The mean value of the genetic diversity for the glutenin loci was 0.502 in bread wheat and 0.449 in durum wheat. Most of the glutenin alleles carried by Moroccan bread wheat cultivars impart good bread-making quality. Most of the durum wheat glutenin alleles were related to low strength dough or poor quality and need to be improved. To improve quality of Moroccan durum wheat, essentially, Glu-A1c and Glu-B3d alleles of the genes should be replaced with the better alleles through breeding.

Research paper thumbnail of Allelic variation at high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in Moroccan bread wheat and durum wheat cultivars

3 Biotech

Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and doug... more Glutenin is a major protein fraction contributing to the functional properties of gluten and dough. The glutenin constitutes 30-40% of the protein in wheat flour and about half of that in gluten. It is essential to identify correct glutenin alleles and to improve wheat quality by selecting alleles that exert favorable effects. Moroccan wheat cultivars are unique in West Asia and North Africa region, since many of them possess resistance to Hessian fly, a pest, which is becoming important in other countries in the region. Hence, these cultivars are being used as donor for the resistance in the breeding program. Here, we determine the allelic variation in high-molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) in Moroccan cultivars of bread and durum wheat using the gene-specific PCR markers. In 20 cultivars of bread wheat, 9 different allele variants were detected at HMW-GS and 13 different allele variants were detected at LMW-GS, in which the alleles Glu-A1b (2*), Glu-B1i (17 ? 18), Glu-B1c (7*/7 ? 9), Glu-D1d (5 ? 10), Glu-A3c, Glu-B3 h, and Glu-D3b were the most frequents. In 26 cultivars of durum wheat, less allelic variation was found: seven different allele variants at HMW-GS and six different allele variants at LMW-GS were identified, in which the major alleles were Glu-A1c (null), Glu-B1b (7 ? 8), Glu-B1e (20), Glu-A3c, and Glu-B3d. The mean value of the genetic diversity for the glutenin loci was 0.502 in bread wheat and 0.449 in durum wheat. Most of the glutenin alleles carried by Moroccan bread wheat cultivars impart good bread-making quality. Most of the durum wheat glutenin alleles were related to low strength dough or poor quality and need to be improved. To improve quality of Moroccan durum wheat, essentially, Glu-A1c and Glu-B3d alleles of the genes should be replaced with the better alleles through breeding.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic characterization of Moroccan and the exotic bread wheat cultivars using functional and random DNA markers linked to the agronomic traits for genomics-assisted improvement

3 Biotech, 2016

Genetic characterization, diversity analysis and estimate of the genetic relationship among varie... more Genetic characterization, diversity analysis and estimate of the genetic relationship among varieties using functional and random DNA markers linked to agronomic traits can provide relevant guidelines in selecting parents and designing new breeding strategies for marker-assisted wheat cultivar improvement. Here, we characterize 20 Moroccan and 19 exotic bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using 47 functional and 7 linked random DNA markers associated with 21 loci of the most important traits for wheat breeding. The functional marker analysis revealed that 35, 45, and 10 % of the Moroccan cultivars, respectively have the rust resistance genes (Lr34/Yr18/ Pm38), dwarfing genes (Rht1b or Rht2b alleles) and the leaf rust resistance gene (Lr68). The marker alleles for genes Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, Sr24 and Yr36 were present only in the exotic cultivars and absent in Moroccan cultivars. 25 % of cultivars had 1BL.1RS translocation. 70 % of the wheat cultivars had Ppo-D1a and Ppo-A1b associated with low polyphenol oxidase activity. 10 % of cultivars showed presence of a random DNA marker allele (175 bp) linked to Hessian fly resistance gene H22. The majority of the Moroccan cultivars were carrying alleles that impart good bread making quality. Neighbor joining (NJ) and principal coordinate analysis based on the marker data revealed a clear differentiation between elite Moroccan and exotic wheat cultivars. The results of this study are useful for selecting suitable parents for making targeted crosses in marker-assisted wheat breeding and enhancing genetic diversity in the wheat cultivars.

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic diversity reduction in improved durum wheat cultivars of Morocco as revealed by microsatellite markers

Scientia Agricola, 2016

It has been argued that genetic diversity in crop varieties has been on the decline in recent tim... more It has been argued that genetic diversity in crop varieties has been on the decline in recent times due to plant breeding. This can have serious consequences for both the genetic vulnerability of crops and their plasticity when responding to changes in production environments. It is, therefore, vital for plant breeding programs to maintain sufficient diversity in the cultivars deployed for multi-period cultivation. In this study, to understand the temporal genetic diversity in durum wheat, 21 improved durum wheat cultivars released in Morocco, since 1956 and five exotic cultivars currently used in crossing programs were analyzed using 13 microsatellite markers. The analysis revealed a total of 44 alleles and average genetic diversity of 0.485 with genetic distances ranging from 0.077 to 0.846 at 13 microsatellite loci in Moroccan durum wheat cultivars. All the durum cultivars of Morocco could be distinguished using the 13 microsatellite markers. The total number of alleles and unique alleles were highest in cultivars developed before 1990, decreasing in cultivars developed during the 1990s and 2000s, indicating that recent durum breeding efforts have reduced allelic richness in recent cultivars. Thus, deployment of exotic durum wheat lines in breeding programs could enhance genetic diversity in durum wheat cultivars.