Florence FORGET - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Florence FORGET

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in the carotenoid content of apricot (Prunus armeniaca, var Bergeron) during enzymatic browning: β‐carotene inhibition of chlorogenic acid degradation

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000

Considering the numerous beneficial effects in human health ascribed to carotenoids, studies were... more Considering the numerous beneficial effects in human health ascribed to carotenoids, studies were performed to investigate the modification of carotenoid amount and composition during apricot enzymatic browning. First works on bruised apricot purees have shown a trans-β-carotene isomerisation (20%) induced by enzymatic browning. To clarify this isomerisation, oxidation of chlorogenic acid in presence of trans-β-carotene, catalysed by purified apricot polyphenoloxidase (PPO), was followed by HPLC and polarography. Isomerisation rate of trans-β-carotene in its cis isomer was found to increase with chlorogenic acid concentration. Moreover, trans-β-carotene was shown to be a potent inhibitor of phenol degradation. This inhibition was partially ascribed to PPO inhibition (non-competitive inhibitor towards phenol with an apparent Ki close to 0.5 mM, a mixed type inhibitor towards oxygen with an apparent Ki close to 0.15 mM). The additional inhibition was explained by non-enzymatic reactions involving trans-β-carotene and chlorogenic acid o-quinones and leading to phenol regeneration and carotene isomerisation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.

Research paper thumbnail of Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

Toxins

Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be... more Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some...

Research paper thumbnail of Using metabolomics to guide strategies to tackle the issue of the contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins: A review of the literature with specific focus on Fusarium mycotoxins

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium avenaceum mitochondrial genomes is driven by mobility of introns and of a new type of palindromic microsatellite repeats

BMC Genomics

Background: Increased contamination of European and Asian wheat and barley crops with "emerging" ... more Background: Increased contamination of European and Asian wheat and barley crops with "emerging" mycotoxins such as enniatins or beauvericin, produced by Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium tricinctum, suggest that these phylogenetically close species could be involved in future food-safety crises. Results: The mitochondrial genomes of F. tricinctum strain INRA104 and F. avenaceum strain FaLH27 have been annotated. A comparative analysis was carried out then extended to a set of 25 wild strains. Results show that they constitute two distinct species, easily distinguished by their mitochondrial sequences. The mitochondrial genetic variability is mainly located within the intergenic regions. Marks of variations show they have evolved (i) by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), (ii) by length variations mediated by insertion/deletion sequences (Indels), and (iii) by length mutations generated by DNA sliding events occurring in mononucleotide (A) n or (T) n microsatellite type sequences arranged in a peculiar palindromic organization. The optionality of these palindromes between both species argues for their mobility. The presence of Indels and SNPs in palindrome neighbouring regions suggests their involvement in these observed variations. Moreover, the intraspecific and interspecific variations in the presence/absence of group I introns suggest a high mobility, resulting from several events of gain and loss during short evolution periods. Phylogenetic analyses of intron orthologous sequences suggest that most introns could have originated from lateral transfers from phylogenetically close or distant species belonging to various Ascomycota genera and even to the Basidiomycota fungal division.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a risk-ranking framework to evaluate simultaneously biological and chemical hazards related to food safety: Application to emerging dietary practices in France

Research paper thumbnail of Fusarium Mycotoxins Enniatins: An Updated Review of Their Occurrence, the Producing Fusarium Species, and the Abiotic Determinants of Their Accumulation in Crop Harvests

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Research paper thumbnail of Optimizing 1D 1H-NMR profiling of plant samples for high throughput analysis: extract preparation, standardization, automation and spectra processing

Metabolomics

Introduction Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomic profiling... more Introduction Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomic profiling has a range of applications in plant sciences. Objectives The aim of the present work is to provide advice for minimizing uncontrolled variability in plant sample preparation before and during NMR metabolomic profiling, taking into account sample composition, including its specificity in terms of pH and paramagnetic ion concentrations, and NMR spectrometer performances. Methods An automation of spectrometer preparation routine standardization before NMR acquisition campaign was implemented and tested on three plant sample sets (extracts of durum wheat spikelet, Arabidopsis leaf and root, and flax leaf, root and stem). We performed 1 H-NMR spectroscopy in three different sites on the wheat sample set utilizing instruments from two manufacturers with different probes and magnetic field strengths. The three collections of spectra were processed separately with the NMRProcFlow web tool using intelligent bucketing, and the resulting buckets were subjected to multivariate analysis. Results Comparability of large-(Arabidopsis) and medium-size (flax) datasets measured at 600 MHz and from the wheat sample set recorded at the three sites (400, 500 and 600 MHz) was exceptionally good in terms of spectral quality. The coefficient of variation of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of two selected peaks was comprised between 5 and 10% depending on the size of sample set and the spectrometer field. EDTA addition improved citrate and malate resonance patterns for wheat sample sets. A collection of 22 samples of wheat spikelet extracts was used as a proof of concept and showed that the data collected at the three sites on instruments of different field strengths and manufacturers yielded the same discrimination pattern of the biological groups. Conclusion Standardization or automation of several steps from extract preparation to data reduction improves data quality for small to large collections of plant samples of different origins.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibacterial and antifungal activity of defensins from the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of GMO or glyphosate effects on the composition of maize grain and maize-based diet for rat feeding

Research paper thumbnail of Genome Sequence of the Emerging Mycotoxin-Producing Filamentous Fungus Fusarium tricinctum Strain INRA104

Genome announcements, Jan 21, 2018

The genome of the phytopathogenic fungus strain INRA104 was sequenced at a fold-coverage of more ... more The genome of the phytopathogenic fungus strain INRA104 was sequenced at a fold-coverage of more than 500×. This led to 23 scaffolds, including one scaffold for the mitochondrial genome, for a total genome size of 42.8 Mb, with an average GC content of 45% and 13,387 predicted genes.

Research paper thumbnail of Yeast and Bacteria from Ensiled High Moisture Maize Grains as Potential Mitigation Agents of Fumonisin B1

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016

BACKGROUND: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and a very com... more BACKGROUND: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and a very common contaminant of maize-based food and feed throughout the world. The selection and use of FB1-degrading microorganisms appears as a promising alternative to cope with the problem of toxicity towards humans and livestock. High moisture maize grain silage which is based on natural maize fermentation could be an interesting reservoir of such microorganisms. RESULTS: Using an in vitro simulated silage model with FB1 naturally contaminated grains, we demonstrated a significant raw decrease in FB1 during ensiling process ascribed to biodegradation mechanisms. A panel of 98 bacteria and yeasts were isolated from this matrix and selected for their ability to use FB1 as the sole source of C and N. For nine of them, the ability to degrade FB1 in vitro was evidenced. Notably, two bacteria identified as Lactobacillus sp. were highlighted for their efficient FB1-degrading capacity and production of hydrolysed FB1 as intermediate degradation metabolite. 2 CONCLUSION: Fermentation of high moisture maize grain contaminated with FB1 leads to a significant reduction of the toxin and allows the isolation of FB1-degrading microorganisms that could further be used as FB1 decontaminating agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites in Cereals: Potential Involvement in Resistance to Fusarium and Mycotoxin Accumulation

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016

Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European ce... more Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European cereals. These diseases are mainly caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, primarily Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These Fusarium species pose a serious threat to food safety because of their ability to produce a wide range of mycotoxins, including type B trichothecenes and fumonisins. Many factors such as environmental, agronomic or genetic ones may contribute to high levels of accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain and there is an urgent need to implement efficient and sustainable management strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. Actually, fungicides are not fully efficient to control the mycotoxin risk. In addition, because of harmful effects on human health and environment, their use should be seriously restricted in the near future. To durably solve the problem of mycotoxin accumulation, the breeding of tolerant genotypes is one of the most promising strategies for cereals. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to both Fusarium and mycotoxin contamination will shed light on plant-pathogen interactions and provide relevant information for improving breeding programs. Resistance to Fusarium depends on the plant ability in preventing initial infection and containing the development of the toxigenic fungi while resistance to mycotoxin contamination is also related to the capacity of plant tissues in reducing mycotoxin accumulation. This capacity can result from two mechanisms: metabolic transformation of the toxin into less toxic compounds and inhibition of toxin biosynthesis. This last mechanism involves host metabolites able to interfere with mycotoxin biosynthesis. This review aims at gathering the latest scientific advances that support the contribution of grain antioxidant secondary metabolites to the mechanisms of plant resistance to Fusarium and mycotoxin accumulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T‐2 and HT‐2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides

Molecules, 2016

The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxi... more The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides, on Mycotoxin Synthetic medium. Plates treated with 0.5 mM of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25˝C. Fungal biomass of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. However, biosynthesis of T-2 toxin by F. langsethiae was significantly reduced by chlorogenic (23.1%) and ferulic (26.5%) acids. Production of T-2 by F. sporotrichioides also decreased with ferulic acid by 23% (p < 0.05). In contrast, p-coumaric acid significantly stimulated the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins for both strains. A kinetic study of F. langsethiae with 1 mM ferulic acid showed a significant decrease in fungal biomass, whereas T-2 production increased after 10 days of incubation. The study of gene expression in ferulic supplemented cultures of F. langsethiae revealed a significant inhibition for Tri5, Tri6 and Tri12 genes, while for Tri16 the decrease in gene expression was not statistically significant. Overall, results indicated that phenolic acids had a variable effect on fungal growth and mycotoxin production, depending on the strain and the concentration and type of phenolic acid assayed.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathogenicity and trichothecenes production of Fusarium culmorum strains causing head blight on wheat and evaluation of resistance of the varieties cultivated in Algeria

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Is the Fgap1 mediated response to oxidative stress chemotype-dependent in Fusarium graminearum ?

FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2015

The response of Fusarium graminearum strains of DON/ADON and NIV/FX chemotypes to oxidative stres... more The response of Fusarium graminearum strains of DON/ADON and NIV/FX chemotypes to oxidative stresses is an increase in toxin production mediated by Fgap1 transcription factor but depends of catalase activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Les recherches à l'INRA sur les céréales et leurs utilisations

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolomics to Decipher the Chemical Defense of Cereals against Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015

Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Gibberella ear rot (GE... more Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Gibberella ear rot (GER), two devastating diseases of wheat, barley, and maize. Furthermore, F. graminearum species can produce type B trichothecene mycotoxins that accumulate in grains. Use of FHB and GER resistant cultivars is one of the most promising strategies to reduce damage induced by F. graminearum. Combined with genetic approaches, metabolomic ones can provide powerful opportunities for plant breeding through the identification of resistant biomarker metabolites which have the advantage of integrating the genetic background and the influence of the environment. In the past decade, several metabolomics attempts have been made to decipher the chemical defense that cereals employ to counteract F. graminearum. By covering the major classes of metabolites that have been highlighted and addressing their potential role, this review demonstrates the complex and integrated network of events that cereals can orchestrate to resist to F. graminearum.

Research paper thumbnail of Research at INRA on Grains and Their Uses. A Multidisciplinary Inventory over the 2011-2013 period: 4 . Transformation, nutrition, consommation

avec la collaboration des autres membres du groupe filière Céréales.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficiency of monomeric and oligomeric forms of phenolic acids extracted from wheat durum bran to modulate TCTB biosynthesis by fusarium

Cereal Research Communications

The effect of an extract of wheat bran phenolic acids was tested in liquid cultures on type B tri... more The effect of an extract of wheat bran phenolic acids was tested in liquid cultures on type B trichothecene (TCTB) production by Fusarium graminearum and culmorum. The extract was shown to contain mainly monomeric forms of phenolic acids and diferulic acids. The high efficiency of this extract was ascribed to the great inhibition induced by monomeric and oligomeric forms. A synergic effect of the different compounds present in the extract is discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro competition between DON and FUM producing Fusarium strains and impact on toxin production

Cereal Research Communications

Research paper thumbnail of Changes in the carotenoid content of apricot (Prunus armeniaca, var Bergeron) during enzymatic browning: β‐carotene inhibition of chlorogenic acid degradation

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2000

Considering the numerous beneficial effects in human health ascribed to carotenoids, studies were... more Considering the numerous beneficial effects in human health ascribed to carotenoids, studies were performed to investigate the modification of carotenoid amount and composition during apricot enzymatic browning. First works on bruised apricot purees have shown a trans-β-carotene isomerisation (20%) induced by enzymatic browning. To clarify this isomerisation, oxidation of chlorogenic acid in presence of trans-β-carotene, catalysed by purified apricot polyphenoloxidase (PPO), was followed by HPLC and polarography. Isomerisation rate of trans-β-carotene in its cis isomer was found to increase with chlorogenic acid concentration. Moreover, trans-β-carotene was shown to be a potent inhibitor of phenol degradation. This inhibition was partially ascribed to PPO inhibition (non-competitive inhibitor towards phenol with an apparent Ki close to 0.5 mM, a mixed type inhibitor towards oxygen with an apparent Ki close to 0.15 mM). The additional inhibition was explained by non-enzymatic reactions involving trans-β-carotene and chlorogenic acid o-quinones and leading to phenol regeneration and carotene isomerisation. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.

Research paper thumbnail of Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

Toxins

Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be... more Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some...

Research paper thumbnail of Using metabolomics to guide strategies to tackle the issue of the contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins: A review of the literature with specific focus on Fusarium mycotoxins

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Fusarium tricinctum and Fusarium avenaceum mitochondrial genomes is driven by mobility of introns and of a new type of palindromic microsatellite repeats

BMC Genomics

Background: Increased contamination of European and Asian wheat and barley crops with "emerging" ... more Background: Increased contamination of European and Asian wheat and barley crops with "emerging" mycotoxins such as enniatins or beauvericin, produced by Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium tricinctum, suggest that these phylogenetically close species could be involved in future food-safety crises. Results: The mitochondrial genomes of F. tricinctum strain INRA104 and F. avenaceum strain FaLH27 have been annotated. A comparative analysis was carried out then extended to a set of 25 wild strains. Results show that they constitute two distinct species, easily distinguished by their mitochondrial sequences. The mitochondrial genetic variability is mainly located within the intergenic regions. Marks of variations show they have evolved (i) by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), (ii) by length variations mediated by insertion/deletion sequences (Indels), and (iii) by length mutations generated by DNA sliding events occurring in mononucleotide (A) n or (T) n microsatellite type sequences arranged in a peculiar palindromic organization. The optionality of these palindromes between both species argues for their mobility. The presence of Indels and SNPs in palindrome neighbouring regions suggests their involvement in these observed variations. Moreover, the intraspecific and interspecific variations in the presence/absence of group I introns suggest a high mobility, resulting from several events of gain and loss during short evolution periods. Phylogenetic analyses of intron orthologous sequences suggest that most introns could have originated from lateral transfers from phylogenetically close or distant species belonging to various Ascomycota genera and even to the Basidiomycota fungal division.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a risk-ranking framework to evaluate simultaneously biological and chemical hazards related to food safety: Application to emerging dietary practices in France

Research paper thumbnail of Fusarium Mycotoxins Enniatins: An Updated Review of Their Occurrence, the Producing Fusarium Species, and the Abiotic Determinants of Their Accumulation in Crop Harvests

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Research paper thumbnail of Optimizing 1D 1H-NMR profiling of plant samples for high throughput analysis: extract preparation, standardization, automation and spectra processing

Metabolomics

Introduction Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomic profiling... more Introduction Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-NMR)-based metabolomic profiling has a range of applications in plant sciences. Objectives The aim of the present work is to provide advice for minimizing uncontrolled variability in plant sample preparation before and during NMR metabolomic profiling, taking into account sample composition, including its specificity in terms of pH and paramagnetic ion concentrations, and NMR spectrometer performances. Methods An automation of spectrometer preparation routine standardization before NMR acquisition campaign was implemented and tested on three plant sample sets (extracts of durum wheat spikelet, Arabidopsis leaf and root, and flax leaf, root and stem). We performed 1 H-NMR spectroscopy in three different sites on the wheat sample set utilizing instruments from two manufacturers with different probes and magnetic field strengths. The three collections of spectra were processed separately with the NMRProcFlow web tool using intelligent bucketing, and the resulting buckets were subjected to multivariate analysis. Results Comparability of large-(Arabidopsis) and medium-size (flax) datasets measured at 600 MHz and from the wheat sample set recorded at the three sites (400, 500 and 600 MHz) was exceptionally good in terms of spectral quality. The coefficient of variation of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of two selected peaks was comprised between 5 and 10% depending on the size of sample set and the spectrometer field. EDTA addition improved citrate and malate resonance patterns for wheat sample sets. A collection of 22 samples of wheat spikelet extracts was used as a proof of concept and showed that the data collected at the three sites on instruments of different field strengths and manufacturers yielded the same discrimination pattern of the biological groups. Conclusion Standardization or automation of several steps from extract preparation to data reduction improves data quality for small to large collections of plant samples of different origins.

Research paper thumbnail of Antibacterial and antifungal activity of defensins from the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

Research paper thumbnail of Characterization of GMO or glyphosate effects on the composition of maize grain and maize-based diet for rat feeding

Research paper thumbnail of Genome Sequence of the Emerging Mycotoxin-Producing Filamentous Fungus Fusarium tricinctum Strain INRA104

Genome announcements, Jan 21, 2018

The genome of the phytopathogenic fungus strain INRA104 was sequenced at a fold-coverage of more ... more The genome of the phytopathogenic fungus strain INRA104 was sequenced at a fold-coverage of more than 500×. This led to 23 scaffolds, including one scaffold for the mitochondrial genome, for a total genome size of 42.8 Mb, with an average GC content of 45% and 13,387 predicted genes.

Research paper thumbnail of Yeast and Bacteria from Ensiled High Moisture Maize Grains as Potential Mitigation Agents of Fumonisin B1

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016

BACKGROUND: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and a very com... more BACKGROUND: Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and a very common contaminant of maize-based food and feed throughout the world. The selection and use of FB1-degrading microorganisms appears as a promising alternative to cope with the problem of toxicity towards humans and livestock. High moisture maize grain silage which is based on natural maize fermentation could be an interesting reservoir of such microorganisms. RESULTS: Using an in vitro simulated silage model with FB1 naturally contaminated grains, we demonstrated a significant raw decrease in FB1 during ensiling process ascribed to biodegradation mechanisms. A panel of 98 bacteria and yeasts were isolated from this matrix and selected for their ability to use FB1 as the sole source of C and N. For nine of them, the ability to degrade FB1 in vitro was evidenced. Notably, two bacteria identified as Lactobacillus sp. were highlighted for their efficient FB1-degrading capacity and production of hydrolysed FB1 as intermediate degradation metabolite. 2 CONCLUSION: Fermentation of high moisture maize grain contaminated with FB1 leads to a significant reduction of the toxin and allows the isolation of FB1-degrading microorganisms that could further be used as FB1 decontaminating agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites in Cereals: Potential Involvement in Resistance to Fusarium and Mycotoxin Accumulation

Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016

Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European ce... more Gibberella and Fusarium Ear Rot and Fusarium Head Blight are major diseases affecting European cereals. These diseases are mainly caused by fungi of the Fusarium genus, primarily Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides. These Fusarium species pose a serious threat to food safety because of their ability to produce a wide range of mycotoxins, including type B trichothecenes and fumonisins. Many factors such as environmental, agronomic or genetic ones may contribute to high levels of accumulation of mycotoxins in the grain and there is an urgent need to implement efficient and sustainable management strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. Actually, fungicides are not fully efficient to control the mycotoxin risk. In addition, because of harmful effects on human health and environment, their use should be seriously restricted in the near future. To durably solve the problem of mycotoxin accumulation, the breeding of tolerant genotypes is one of the most promising strategies for cereals. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance to both Fusarium and mycotoxin contamination will shed light on plant-pathogen interactions and provide relevant information for improving breeding programs. Resistance to Fusarium depends on the plant ability in preventing initial infection and containing the development of the toxigenic fungi while resistance to mycotoxin contamination is also related to the capacity of plant tissues in reducing mycotoxin accumulation. This capacity can result from two mechanisms: metabolic transformation of the toxin into less toxic compounds and inhibition of toxin biosynthesis. This last mechanism involves host metabolites able to interfere with mycotoxin biosynthesis. This review aims at gathering the latest scientific advances that support the contribution of grain antioxidant secondary metabolites to the mechanisms of plant resistance to Fusarium and mycotoxin accumulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Effects of Phenolic Acids on the Growth and Production of T‐2 and HT‐2 Toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides

Molecules, 2016

The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxi... more The effect of natural phenolic acids was tested on the growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides, on Mycotoxin Synthetic medium. Plates treated with 0.5 mM of each phenolic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and p-coumaric) and controls without phenolic acid were incubated for 14 days at 25˝C. Fungal biomass of F. langsethiae and F. sporotrichioides was not reduced by the phenolic acids. However, biosynthesis of T-2 toxin by F. langsethiae was significantly reduced by chlorogenic (23.1%) and ferulic (26.5%) acids. Production of T-2 by F. sporotrichioides also decreased with ferulic acid by 23% (p < 0.05). In contrast, p-coumaric acid significantly stimulated the production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins for both strains. A kinetic study of F. langsethiae with 1 mM ferulic acid showed a significant decrease in fungal biomass, whereas T-2 production increased after 10 days of incubation. The study of gene expression in ferulic supplemented cultures of F. langsethiae revealed a significant inhibition for Tri5, Tri6 and Tri12 genes, while for Tri16 the decrease in gene expression was not statistically significant. Overall, results indicated that phenolic acids had a variable effect on fungal growth and mycotoxin production, depending on the strain and the concentration and type of phenolic acid assayed.

Research paper thumbnail of Pathogenicity and trichothecenes production of Fusarium culmorum strains causing head blight on wheat and evaluation of resistance of the varieties cultivated in Algeria

European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Is the Fgap1 mediated response to oxidative stress chemotype-dependent in Fusarium graminearum ?

FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2015

The response of Fusarium graminearum strains of DON/ADON and NIV/FX chemotypes to oxidative stres... more The response of Fusarium graminearum strains of DON/ADON and NIV/FX chemotypes to oxidative stresses is an increase in toxin production mediated by Fgap1 transcription factor but depends of catalase activity.

Research paper thumbnail of Les recherches à l'INRA sur les céréales et leurs utilisations

Research paper thumbnail of Metabolomics to Decipher the Chemical Defense of Cereals against Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol Accumulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015

Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Gibberella ear rot (GE... more Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Gibberella ear rot (GER), two devastating diseases of wheat, barley, and maize. Furthermore, F. graminearum species can produce type B trichothecene mycotoxins that accumulate in grains. Use of FHB and GER resistant cultivars is one of the most promising strategies to reduce damage induced by F. graminearum. Combined with genetic approaches, metabolomic ones can provide powerful opportunities for plant breeding through the identification of resistant biomarker metabolites which have the advantage of integrating the genetic background and the influence of the environment. In the past decade, several metabolomics attempts have been made to decipher the chemical defense that cereals employ to counteract F. graminearum. By covering the major classes of metabolites that have been highlighted and addressing their potential role, this review demonstrates the complex and integrated network of events that cereals can orchestrate to resist to F. graminearum.

Research paper thumbnail of Research at INRA on Grains and Their Uses. A Multidisciplinary Inventory over the 2011-2013 period: 4 . Transformation, nutrition, consommation

avec la collaboration des autres membres du groupe filière Céréales.

Research paper thumbnail of Efficiency of monomeric and oligomeric forms of phenolic acids extracted from wheat durum bran to modulate TCTB biosynthesis by fusarium

Cereal Research Communications

The effect of an extract of wheat bran phenolic acids was tested in liquid cultures on type B tri... more The effect of an extract of wheat bran phenolic acids was tested in liquid cultures on type B trichothecene (TCTB) production by Fusarium graminearum and culmorum. The extract was shown to contain mainly monomeric forms of phenolic acids and diferulic acids. The high efficiency of this extract was ascribed to the great inhibition induced by monomeric and oligomeric forms. A synergic effect of the different compounds present in the extract is discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of In vitro competition between DON and FUM producing Fusarium strains and impact on toxin production

Cereal Research Communications