F. Patacchiola - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by F. Patacchiola
European journal of gynaecological oncology
The malignant transformation of a uterine leiomyoma is still debated and, if it occurs, it is ver... more The malignant transformation of a uterine leiomyoma is still debated and, if it occurs, it is very rare. The case of a patient affected by one small leiomyoma is described. Diagnosis was made postoperatively on histopathological examination. The case reported here is meant to underline the need to keep all uterine myomas in check since the transition into leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) may occur with an evolution over a time period which has not been established so far. Specific receptors for luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) have also been identified in the myometrium of several animal species, including humans. Conventional LMSs express estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and androgen receptors (AR) in 30-40% of cases. In comparison with other more common uterine malignancies, uterine LMSs bear some resemblance to type 2 endometrial carcinomas and high-grade serous carcinomas of ovary/fallopian tube origin, based on their genetic instability, frequent p53 abnormalities, aggressive behavior, and resistance to chemotherapy. It could be useful to understand with further researches if hormonal stimulation could be a contributing factor of uterine leiomyoma transformation into LMS. Until today the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the development of uterine LMSs remain elusive.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2013
Placenta accreta refers to any abnormally invasive placental implantation. Diagnosis is suspected... more Placenta accreta refers to any abnormally invasive placental implantation. Diagnosis is suspected postpartum with failed delivery of a retained placenta. Massive obstetrical hemorrhage is a known complication, often requiring peripartum hysterectomy. The authors report a case of placenta accreta in a primiparous patient with multinodular leiofibromyomatosis of the uterus following failed manual removals of a retained placenta. They describe a conservative management in a stable patient desiring future fertility with a unilateral prophylactic uterine artery embolization, a multidose regimen of methotrexate, and a subsequent abdominal myomectomy.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2012
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bakri balloon in preventing and... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bakri balloon in preventing and treating postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Intrauterine Bakri balloon was used in a total of 16 patients with two different purposes: prophylactic placement of the balloon after cesarean section (CS) in six patients with low-lying placenta and therapeutic placement in ten patients with persistent bleeding from uterine atony, after spontaneous delivery, and administration of uterotonics. Intrauterine Bakri balloon was a successful approach in controlling and preventing PPH in all 16 patients. The median nadir hematocrit was 26.6% in six patients who underwent CS and 25.6% in ten patients with persistent bleeding after spontaneous delivery. The intrauterine balloon was in place for a duration of 24 hours. The median balloon infusion volume was 345 ml (range 250-455). No complications were reported. Bakri balloon tamponade was a useful measure in treating PPH unresponsive to pharmacological th...
European journal of gynaecological oncology
The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of hysteroscopy in the evolution of mitoti... more The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of hysteroscopy in the evolution of mitotically active leiomyoma to leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors. The three microscopic criteria are: 1) the presence of coagulative tumor necrosis, 2) high mitotic index (exceeding 15 x 10 catabolite gene activator (CGA) and 3) occurrence of moderate to severe cytologic atypia. The authors report a case of a 52-year-old nulliparous woman with a LMS detected two months after a hysteroscopic resection of a mitotically active leiomyoma. After the first hysteroscopic resection the diagnosis was atypical leiomyoma with a mitotic index of two per ten high-power field (hpf) in the absence of coagulation necrosis. After two months, a new myoma was detected and another hysteroscopic resection was performed: the microscopic diagnosis was LMS and a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) was performed. The patient must undergo close clinical and instrumental follow-up procedures. Hysteroscopy plays an important role in the evaluation and evolution of both recurrent and de novo disease.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2012
Atraumatic splenic rupture is a rare clinical entity and in the absence of trauma, the diagnosis ... more Atraumatic splenic rupture is a rare clinical entity and in the absence of trauma, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. In this article the authors discuss a case of a 45-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, with spontaneous splenic rupture on her second postpartum day. The rupture was related to a splenic hemangioma that is a vascular malformation and the most common neoplasm of the spleen. Despite the fact that hemangiomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the spleen, only few cases of splenic rupture have been described in pregnancy or puerperium. However, spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare event and the rupture should be suspected in woman with unexplained abdominal pain or with clear signs of haemorrhage.
Minerva ginecologica, 2004
European journal of gynaecological oncology, 2003
Because of the rarity of this kind of vulvar neoplasia, the diagnostic difficulties (clinical and... more Because of the rarity of this kind of vulvar neoplasia, the diagnostic difficulties (clinical and histopathological) conditioning the therapeutic approach and the missing iconographical material, we report a case of vulvar melanoma seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of L'Aquila in April 2001, together with a review of the literature. Owing to radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy with the Byron three-incision approach the histological report was: epithelioid cell apigmented melanoma radially spreading (MMSS), a tumor-free margin of at least 1.7 cm with sufficient lympholitic infiltration.
La Clinica terapeutica
The Authors, studied the ectropion of the uterine cervix in the teen-agers (young ladies) and the... more The Authors, studied the ectropion of the uterine cervix in the teen-agers (young ladies) and the effect of the desossiribonucleic acid therapy in topic way by 5 mg/die for 20 days in 80 patients with an ectropion of the I degree and the II degree portion of the uterine cervix. The patients were separated in two groups. 40 patients treated by desossiribonucleic acid therapy, 40 patients didn't take any medicament. In conclusion the results show that the desossiribonucleic therapy could be an alternative way for the treatment of the ectropion of the uterine cervix.
Minerva ginecologica, 2002
We have analysed the role played by genital tuberculosis (TBC) in Italy today, and in particular ... more We have analysed the role played by genital tuberculosis (TBC) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old patient, in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The patient was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the pulmonary parenchyma. It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyome...
Minerva ginecologica, 2000
The case of a patient with inguinal isolated endometriosis in whom laparoscopy revealed no eviden... more The case of a patient with inguinal isolated endometriosis in whom laparoscopy revealed no evidence of pelvic endometriosis is presented. Following the observation of this case and the published reports by other authors on frequency, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy, the article supports the hypothesis that inguinal endometriotic lesions are likely associated with lymphatic spread of endometrial cells.
Minerva ginecologica, 1999
A case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with chromosome abnormalities (46,XX,-21, +der(13)t(13... more A case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with chromosome abnormalities (46,XX,-21, +der(13)t(13;21)(q22;q11), diagnosed during pregnancy is reported. This is a pathology characterized by malformations of the central nervous system, mainly of the cerebellum. Due to several aspects and different prognosis between classic Dandy-Walker and its variants, many clinical and therapeutic problems may raise.
La Clinica terapeutica
To evaluate activity and tolerability of intramuscular administration of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogeste... more To evaluate activity and tolerability of intramuscular administration of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Lentogest-Amsa) in hormone replacement therapy in menopause. Intramuscular slow releasing 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was given to 30 postmenopausal women. Patients were divided into two groups according to the number of monthly doses (1 or 2). In both groups of patients a regular monthly bleeding was obtained. Echographic assessment did not show abnormal endometrial thickness. The results of this study have pointed out the efficacy of intramuscular progesterone-caproate administration with a better compliance in the single dose group.
Minerva ginecologica, 1998
This study evaluated pelvic floor rehabilitation as a possible treatment for urinary stress incon... more This study evaluated pelvic floor rehabilitation as a possible treatment for urinary stress incontinence: a challenge to tradition. In this study 20 female subjects with urinary stress incontinence had rehabilitation therapy, at first in the outpatients clinic with motivated physiotherapists and afterwards by home exercises. At the end of 3 months of training, stress incontinence had disappeared in 7 patients (35%), while an improvement was recorded in 13 (65%). In summary, pelvic floor rehabilitation program can be an effective alternative to surgical approach in reducing the frequency of urinary leakage. Further studies are needed to identify factors predicting success and to improve the techniques of pelvic floor rehabilitation.
Minerva ginecologica, 1994
One hundred and twenty-seven pediatric and adolescent patients suffering from vulvo-vaginitis und... more One hundred and twenty-seven pediatric and adolescent patients suffering from vulvo-vaginitis underwent clinical and instrumental tests. The results of bacterioscopic and cultural test were negative in 39 (31.7%) patients due to the probable intervention of local hormonal, allergic and/or irritative factors. The tests used by the authors revealed phlogosis in 88 patients (68.3%) which was aspecific in 58 cases (65.9%) and specific in 30 (34.1%). While aspecific phlogosis were basically caused by germs of intestinal origin, typical of childhood and the prepuberal period, mycetes, gardnerella vaginalis, protozoa and chlamydia trachomatis were identified as the causes, in order of importance, of specific phlogosis, the exclusive hallmarks of adolescence.
The Scientific World Journal, 2012
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 2012
Study Objective: To find a correlation between the waiting time between counseling about and perf... more Study Objective: To find a correlation between the waiting time between counseling about and performance of office hysteroscopy and the perception of pain. Design: Observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting: Academic environment. Patients: Two hundred eighty-four women undergoing hysteroscopy. Interventions: Diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy. Measurements and Main Results: Before examination, patients were asked to complete 2 forms, the STAI-S (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State) and STAI-T (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait) anxiety scales, for evaluation of their usual anxiety state and their state of anxiety during the examination. Patients were asked to quantify on a visual analog scale the pain felt during the examination. A statistically significant positive correlation, even if weak, was demonstrated between pain and waiting time (r 5 0.45; p , .01) but not with the values for the anxiety state (r 5 0.06; p 5 .56) and anxiety trait (r 5 20.05; p 5 .66). Pain (R4) was significantly associated with waiting time (R60 minutes) (odds ratio [OR], 5.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-35.50), age (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.40-5.87) and menopause (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.10-7.40) but not with STAI-S level (R34) (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.26-3.12) or STAI-T level (R34) (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.19-2.32). Conclusion: Office hysteroscopy is associated with a level of anxiety that can affect patient tolerability of the procedure. However, factors such as reducing waiting time may have a positive effect on patient compliance, making hysteroscopy easier and thereby increasing its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2012
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2014
fore inducing labor, however further studies with a larger number of subjects and a standardizati... more fore inducing labor, however further studies with a larger number of subjects and a standardization of image acquisition are necessary.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2012
Optical trocars have been introduced as an alternative technique for obtaining access to the peri... more Optical trocars have been introduced as an alternative technique for obtaining access to the peritoneal cavity. The advantage is that each layer of the abdominal wall can be identified avoiding inadvertent injuries due to a lack of vision. From March 2010 to March 2011, 138 women underwent laparoscopy for benign diseases. They were submitted to gynecological laparoscopy for direct optical access. There was no evidence of vascular injuries. This study confirms that the optical trocar is a safe, rapid, and effective method, that offers a real perception of the safety of the entrance into the abdomen.
European journal of gynaecological oncology
The malignant transformation of a uterine leiomyoma is still debated and, if it occurs, it is ver... more The malignant transformation of a uterine leiomyoma is still debated and, if it occurs, it is very rare. The case of a patient affected by one small leiomyoma is described. Diagnosis was made postoperatively on histopathological examination. The case reported here is meant to underline the need to keep all uterine myomas in check since the transition into leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) may occur with an evolution over a time period which has not been established so far. Specific receptors for luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) have also been identified in the myometrium of several animal species, including humans. Conventional LMSs express estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and androgen receptors (AR) in 30-40% of cases. In comparison with other more common uterine malignancies, uterine LMSs bear some resemblance to type 2 endometrial carcinomas and high-grade serous carcinomas of ovary/fallopian tube origin, based on their genetic instability, frequent p53 abnormalities, aggressive behavior, and resistance to chemotherapy. It could be useful to understand with further researches if hormonal stimulation could be a contributing factor of uterine leiomyoma transformation into LMS. Until today the oncogenic mechanisms underlying the development of uterine LMSs remain elusive.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2013
Placenta accreta refers to any abnormally invasive placental implantation. Diagnosis is suspected... more Placenta accreta refers to any abnormally invasive placental implantation. Diagnosis is suspected postpartum with failed delivery of a retained placenta. Massive obstetrical hemorrhage is a known complication, often requiring peripartum hysterectomy. The authors report a case of placenta accreta in a primiparous patient with multinodular leiofibromyomatosis of the uterus following failed manual removals of a retained placenta. They describe a conservative management in a stable patient desiring future fertility with a unilateral prophylactic uterine artery embolization, a multidose regimen of methotrexate, and a subsequent abdominal myomectomy.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2012
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bakri balloon in preventing and... more The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Bakri balloon in preventing and treating postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Intrauterine Bakri balloon was used in a total of 16 patients with two different purposes: prophylactic placement of the balloon after cesarean section (CS) in six patients with low-lying placenta and therapeutic placement in ten patients with persistent bleeding from uterine atony, after spontaneous delivery, and administration of uterotonics. Intrauterine Bakri balloon was a successful approach in controlling and preventing PPH in all 16 patients. The median nadir hematocrit was 26.6% in six patients who underwent CS and 25.6% in ten patients with persistent bleeding after spontaneous delivery. The intrauterine balloon was in place for a duration of 24 hours. The median balloon infusion volume was 345 ml (range 250-455). No complications were reported. Bakri balloon tamponade was a useful measure in treating PPH unresponsive to pharmacological th...
European journal of gynaecological oncology
The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of hysteroscopy in the evolution of mitoti... more The aim of this study was to illustrate the importance of hysteroscopy in the evolution of mitotically active leiomyoma to leiomyosarcoma (LMS). Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors. The three microscopic criteria are: 1) the presence of coagulative tumor necrosis, 2) high mitotic index (exceeding 15 x 10 catabolite gene activator (CGA) and 3) occurrence of moderate to severe cytologic atypia. The authors report a case of a 52-year-old nulliparous woman with a LMS detected two months after a hysteroscopic resection of a mitotically active leiomyoma. After the first hysteroscopic resection the diagnosis was atypical leiomyoma with a mitotic index of two per ten high-power field (hpf) in the absence of coagulation necrosis. After two months, a new myoma was detected and another hysteroscopic resection was performed: the microscopic diagnosis was LMS and a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) was performed. The patient must undergo close clinical and instrumental follow-up procedures. Hysteroscopy plays an important role in the evaluation and evolution of both recurrent and de novo disease.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2012
Atraumatic splenic rupture is a rare clinical entity and in the absence of trauma, the diagnosis ... more Atraumatic splenic rupture is a rare clinical entity and in the absence of trauma, the diagnosis and treatment are often delayed. In this article the authors discuss a case of a 45-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 4, with spontaneous splenic rupture on her second postpartum day. The rupture was related to a splenic hemangioma that is a vascular malformation and the most common neoplasm of the spleen. Despite the fact that hemangiomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the spleen, only few cases of splenic rupture have been described in pregnancy or puerperium. However, spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare event and the rupture should be suspected in woman with unexplained abdominal pain or with clear signs of haemorrhage.
Minerva ginecologica, 2004
European journal of gynaecological oncology, 2003
Because of the rarity of this kind of vulvar neoplasia, the diagnostic difficulties (clinical and... more Because of the rarity of this kind of vulvar neoplasia, the diagnostic difficulties (clinical and histopathological) conditioning the therapeutic approach and the missing iconographical material, we report a case of vulvar melanoma seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of L'Aquila in April 2001, together with a review of the literature. Owing to radical vulvectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy with the Byron three-incision approach the histological report was: epithelioid cell apigmented melanoma radially spreading (MMSS), a tumor-free margin of at least 1.7 cm with sufficient lympholitic infiltration.
La Clinica terapeutica
The Authors, studied the ectropion of the uterine cervix in the teen-agers (young ladies) and the... more The Authors, studied the ectropion of the uterine cervix in the teen-agers (young ladies) and the effect of the desossiribonucleic acid therapy in topic way by 5 mg/die for 20 days in 80 patients with an ectropion of the I degree and the II degree portion of the uterine cervix. The patients were separated in two groups. 40 patients treated by desossiribonucleic acid therapy, 40 patients didn't take any medicament. In conclusion the results show that the desossiribonucleic therapy could be an alternative way for the treatment of the ectropion of the uterine cervix.
Minerva ginecologica, 2002
We have analysed the role played by genital tuberculosis (TBC) in Italy today, and in particular ... more We have analysed the role played by genital tuberculosis (TBC) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old patient, in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The patient was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the pulmonary parenchyma. It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyome...
Minerva ginecologica, 2000
The case of a patient with inguinal isolated endometriosis in whom laparoscopy revealed no eviden... more The case of a patient with inguinal isolated endometriosis in whom laparoscopy revealed no evidence of pelvic endometriosis is presented. Following the observation of this case and the published reports by other authors on frequency, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy, the article supports the hypothesis that inguinal endometriotic lesions are likely associated with lymphatic spread of endometrial cells.
Minerva ginecologica, 1999
A case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with chromosome abnormalities (46,XX,-21, +der(13)t(13... more A case of Dandy-Walker syndrome associated with chromosome abnormalities (46,XX,-21, +der(13)t(13;21)(q22;q11), diagnosed during pregnancy is reported. This is a pathology characterized by malformations of the central nervous system, mainly of the cerebellum. Due to several aspects and different prognosis between classic Dandy-Walker and its variants, many clinical and therapeutic problems may raise.
La Clinica terapeutica
To evaluate activity and tolerability of intramuscular administration of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogeste... more To evaluate activity and tolerability of intramuscular administration of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Lentogest-Amsa) in hormone replacement therapy in menopause. Intramuscular slow releasing 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was given to 30 postmenopausal women. Patients were divided into two groups according to the number of monthly doses (1 or 2). In both groups of patients a regular monthly bleeding was obtained. Echographic assessment did not show abnormal endometrial thickness. The results of this study have pointed out the efficacy of intramuscular progesterone-caproate administration with a better compliance in the single dose group.
Minerva ginecologica, 1998
This study evaluated pelvic floor rehabilitation as a possible treatment for urinary stress incon... more This study evaluated pelvic floor rehabilitation as a possible treatment for urinary stress incontinence: a challenge to tradition. In this study 20 female subjects with urinary stress incontinence had rehabilitation therapy, at first in the outpatients clinic with motivated physiotherapists and afterwards by home exercises. At the end of 3 months of training, stress incontinence had disappeared in 7 patients (35%), while an improvement was recorded in 13 (65%). In summary, pelvic floor rehabilitation program can be an effective alternative to surgical approach in reducing the frequency of urinary leakage. Further studies are needed to identify factors predicting success and to improve the techniques of pelvic floor rehabilitation.
Minerva ginecologica, 1994
One hundred and twenty-seven pediatric and adolescent patients suffering from vulvo-vaginitis und... more One hundred and twenty-seven pediatric and adolescent patients suffering from vulvo-vaginitis underwent clinical and instrumental tests. The results of bacterioscopic and cultural test were negative in 39 (31.7%) patients due to the probable intervention of local hormonal, allergic and/or irritative factors. The tests used by the authors revealed phlogosis in 88 patients (68.3%) which was aspecific in 58 cases (65.9%) and specific in 30 (34.1%). While aspecific phlogosis were basically caused by germs of intestinal origin, typical of childhood and the prepuberal period, mycetes, gardnerella vaginalis, protozoa and chlamydia trachomatis were identified as the causes, in order of importance, of specific phlogosis, the exclusive hallmarks of adolescence.
The Scientific World Journal, 2012
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 2012
Study Objective: To find a correlation between the waiting time between counseling about and perf... more Study Objective: To find a correlation between the waiting time between counseling about and performance of office hysteroscopy and the perception of pain. Design: Observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting: Academic environment. Patients: Two hundred eighty-four women undergoing hysteroscopy. Interventions: Diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy. Measurements and Main Results: Before examination, patients were asked to complete 2 forms, the STAI-S (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State) and STAI-T (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait) anxiety scales, for evaluation of their usual anxiety state and their state of anxiety during the examination. Patients were asked to quantify on a visual analog scale the pain felt during the examination. A statistically significant positive correlation, even if weak, was demonstrated between pain and waiting time (r 5 0.45; p , .01) but not with the values for the anxiety state (r 5 0.06; p 5 .56) and anxiety trait (r 5 20.05; p 5 .66). Pain (R4) was significantly associated with waiting time (R60 minutes) (odds ratio [OR], 5.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-35.50), age (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.40-5.87) and menopause (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.10-7.40) but not with STAI-S level (R34) (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.26-3.12) or STAI-T level (R34) (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.19-2.32). Conclusion: Office hysteroscopy is associated with a level of anxiety that can affect patient tolerability of the procedure. However, factors such as reducing waiting time may have a positive effect on patient compliance, making hysteroscopy easier and thereby increasing its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2012
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy, 2014
fore inducing labor, however further studies with a larger number of subjects and a standardizati... more fore inducing labor, however further studies with a larger number of subjects and a standardization of image acquisition are necessary.
Clinical and experimental obstetrics & gynecology, 2012
Optical trocars have been introduced as an alternative technique for obtaining access to the peri... more Optical trocars have been introduced as an alternative technique for obtaining access to the peritoneal cavity. The advantage is that each layer of the abdominal wall can be identified avoiding inadvertent injuries due to a lack of vision. From March 2010 to March 2011, 138 women underwent laparoscopy for benign diseases. They were submitted to gynecological laparoscopy for direct optical access. There was no evidence of vascular injuries. This study confirms that the optical trocar is a safe, rapid, and effective method, that offers a real perception of the safety of the entrance into the abdomen.