Fabienne Blanchet - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Uploads
Papers by Fabienne Blanchet
La prévention en santé chez les adolescents
Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine, 2014
RESUME Pres de 90 % des adolescents de 12 a 18 ans s’estiment en bonne sante, mais on observe che... more RESUME Pres de 90 % des adolescents de 12 a 18 ans s’estiment en bonne sante, mais on observe chez certains d’entre eux des comportements a risque pouvant entrainer des troubles irreversibles pour leur avenir. Il s’agit en particulier de l’usage des drogues legales et illegales, de troubles psycho comportementaux pouvant conduire au suicide, d’une sexualite naissante mal con trolee, d’habitudes alimentaires defavorables associees a la sedentarisation, d’une consommation excessive et peu controlee des technologies d’information et de communication (TICS) par ailleurs indispensables aujourd’hui. Pour tenter d’informer objectivement les adolescents, les methodes de communication ciblees sur les adultes sont impuissantes et il faut mettre en place des actions specifiques faisant appel, notamment, aux groupes de jeunes, les pairs, ayant suivis une formation adaptee pour eviter la stigmatisation des ados souvent victimes de groupes de pression ou du sectarisme de certains « educateurs ». Le role de la famille, de l’ecole, de la medecine scolaire (a refondre) est capital surtout dans la preadolescence (6-12ans). L’accent est mis sur l’importance des activites physiques et sportives sur le plan de la sante mais aussi au niveau psycho-comportemental. Une attention particuliere doit se porter sur les jeunes issus de milieux defavorises qui, comme nous l’avons ecrit dans le 1 er rapport (La culture de prevention : des questions fondamentales adopte a l’unanimite par l’Academie de medecine le 15/10/2013), sont trop souvent oublies. La prevention « humaniste » et le developpement du lien social doivent constituer la base de nos actions. Aux 10 recommandations prioritaires concluant le premier rapport nous en avons ajoute 8 plus specifiques aux adolescents .
Le Cespharm au service des pharmaciens
Actualités Pharmaceutiques, 2016
Resume Le Cespharm et les outils qu’il propose sont plus que jamais d’actualite dans un contexte ... more Resume Le Cespharm et les outils qu’il propose sont plus que jamais d’actualite dans un contexte ou les reflexions et recommandations sanitaires sont resolument tournees vers la prevention, l’education pour la sante ou l’education therapeutique du patient. Un service propose par l’Ordre des pharmaciens, qui vise a aider les confreres a s’impliquer pleinement dans leurs missions de sante publique.
Distinct modifications by neurokinin, (SR140333) and neurokinin2 (SR48968) tachykinin receptor antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of acetylcholine in striosomes and matrix of the rat striatum
Neuroscience, 1998
Neuroscience, 1998
Ahstraet~he effects of SR140333 and SR48968 (neurokinin~ and neurokinin2 tachykinin receptor anta... more Ahstraet~he effects of SR140333 and SR48968 (neurokinin~ and neurokinin2 tachykinin receptor antagonists, respectively) on the N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine (previously formed from [3H]choline) were investigated in striosome-enriched areas and in the matrix of the rat striatum using an in vitro microsuperfusion method. In both striatal compartments, SR140333 and SR48968 did not modify the 50 gM N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine. However, in low concentrations, both SR140333 (0.1 gM to 1 pM) and SR48968 (0.1 gM to 0.1 nM) markedly enhanced the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (+10 gM D-serine)-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in striosome-enriched areas. These responses were dopamine-dependent since they were not observed any more following the local blockade of D2 receptors by sulpiride or of dopamine synthesis by ct-methyl-ptyrosine. A dopamine-dependent disinhibitory effect (of lower amplitude) on the 1 mM N-methyl-Daspartate (+10 gM D-serine)-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine was also induced by SR48968 (0.1 gM to 0.1 nM) (but not by SR140333) in the matrix. In addition, in the matrix, as shown only in the presence of a-methyl-p-tyrosine, both SR140333 and SR48968 reduced the I mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (+10 gM D-serine)-evoked response and these non-dopamine-mediated inhibitory effects only occurred at the highest tested concentration (0.1 gM) of the antagonists. Indicating the specificity of these responses, the effects of SR140333 were reproduced by RP67580, another neurokinin~ receptor antagonist and, as expected from previous binding studies, corresponding SR140333 and SR48968 enantiomers were without effect. These results suggest that under potent stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, endogenously released substance P and neurokinin A (or related tachykinins) regulate differently the N-methyl-Daspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in striosomes and in the matrix. The inhibitory effects of these tachykinins on the evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine are mediated by dopamine. On the contrary, their facilitatory responses are only observed in the matrix under blockade of dopamine transmission.
Personnaliser les soins: L’éducation thérapeutique
Santé, égalité, solidarité, 2012
L’objectif de ce chapitre n’est pas de traiter des aspects theoriques de cette «nouvelle facon de... more L’objectif de ce chapitre n’est pas de traiter des aspects theoriques de cette «nouvelle facon de soigner« mais d’examiner en quoi l’education therapeutique des patients (ETP) intervient dans l’humanisation de la sante.
Role of arachidonic acid in the regulation of the NMDA‐evoked release of acetylcholine in striatal compartments
Synapse, 1999
The role of endogenously released arachidonic acid in the control of the NMDA (50 microM)-evoked ... more The role of endogenously released arachidonic acid in the control of the NMDA (50 microM)-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine previously formed from [3H]-choline was investigated in striosome-enriched areas and in the matrix of the rat striatum using a microsuperfusion procedure in vitro. Experiments were performed with either mepacrine (0.2 microM) or bovine serum albumin (BSA, 0.02%) which inhibits phospholipase A2 activity or binds endogenously released arachidonic acid, respectively. Both treatments similarly reduce the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine, this effect being more pronounced in striosomes than in the matrix. These reductions result from a facilitation of dopamine release, since they were not observed in the presence of (-)sulpiride, the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Moreover, the superfusion with BSA was shown to enhance the release of [3H]-dopamine (formed from [3H]-tyrosine), this effect being of larger amplitude in striosomes than in the matrix. In control conditions, due to the blockade of the presynaptic inhibitory effect of GABA on dopamine release, bicuculline (GABA(A) receptor antagonist) reduces the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine in both striatal compartments. Bicuculline was no longer effective following superfusions with either mepacrine or BSA, suggesting that these treatments eliminate the GABAergic presynaptic inhibitory control on dopamine transmission and thus lead to the dopamine-mediated inhibition of [3H]-acetylcholine release. These results indicate that arachidonic acid endogenously formed under weak stimulation of NMDA receptors contributes to the regulation of the evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine by facilitating GABAergic transmission and that this process is more important in striosomes than in the matrix.
N-Methyl-d-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in striatal compartments of the rat: regulatory roles of dopamine and GABA
Neuroscience, 1997
The N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine previously formed from [3H]choline w... more The N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine previously formed from [3H]choline was estimated in striosome- (identified by [3H]naloxone binding) or matrix-enriched areas of the rat striatum using an in vitro microsuperfusion procedure. Experiments were performed in either the absence or the presence of dopaminergic and/or GABAergic receptor antagonists. Although the cell bodies of the cholinergic interneurons were mainly found in the matrix, in the absence of magnesium, N-methyl-D-aspartate (50 microM) stimulated the release of [3H]acetylcholine in both striatal compartments. These responses were blocked by either magnesium, dizocilpine maleate, 7-chlorokynurenate or tetrodotoxin. N-Methyl-D-aspartate responses were concentration-dependent, but the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate response was higher in striosomes than in the matrix. The co-application of D-serine (10 microM) enhanced the 10 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate response in both compartments, but reduced those induced by 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate, this reduction being higher in striosomes. The blockade of dopaminergic transmission with the D2 and D1 dopaminergic receptor antagonists, (-)-sulpiride (1 microM) and SCH23390 (1 microM), was without effect on the 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine, but markedly enhanced the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine-evoked response in striosomes and to a lesser extent in the matrix. Disinhibitory responses of similar amplitude were observed not only in striosomes but also in the matrix when (-)-sulpiride was used alone, while SCH23390 alone enhanced the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine response only in striosomes and to a lower extent than (-)-sulpiride. These results indicate that D2 receptors are mainly involved in the inhibitory effect of dopamine on the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine. They also show that the stimulation of D1 receptors can either reduce (striosomes) or enhance (matrix) this response, since in the latter case the effect induced by the combined application of the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists was smaller than that observed with the D2 receptor antagonist alone. Indicating that released GABA facilitates N-methyl-D-aspartate responses, the blockade of GABAA receptors with bicuculline (5 microM) reduced the 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in both striatal compartments and the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine response in the matrix. These effects result from an inhibition by GABA of the evoked release of dopamine, since the reducing effects of bicuculline on N-methyl-D-aspartate responses were not observed under the complete blockade of dopaminergic transmission by the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists. Further demonstrating a facilitatory role of GABA in the control of N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine, in the presence of bicuculline, (-)-sulpiride and SCH23390 alone or in combination enhanced, in both compartments, the responses induced not only by 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine, but also by 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate.
Brain Research, 2000
Ž. Ž. The contribution of endogenously released dopamine, GABA and its co-transmitters, substance... more Ž. Ž. The contribution of endogenously released dopamine, GABA and its co-transmitters, substance P SP and neurokinin A NKA , to the control of the evoked release of acetylcholine was investigated in vitro in the striosomes and the matrix of the rat striatum under various Ž. modalities of NMDA receptor stimulation NMDA 50 mM or 1 mM without or with 10 mM D-serine. Sulpiride, bicuculline, SR140333 Ž. and SR48968, the antagonists of D , GABA A, NK and NK tachykinin receptors, respectively, were used for this purpose. 1 In both
La prévention en santé chez les adolescents
Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine, 2014
RESUME Pres de 90 % des adolescents de 12 a 18 ans s’estiment en bonne sante, mais on observe che... more RESUME Pres de 90 % des adolescents de 12 a 18 ans s’estiment en bonne sante, mais on observe chez certains d’entre eux des comportements a risque pouvant entrainer des troubles irreversibles pour leur avenir. Il s’agit en particulier de l’usage des drogues legales et illegales, de troubles psycho comportementaux pouvant conduire au suicide, d’une sexualite naissante mal con trolee, d’habitudes alimentaires defavorables associees a la sedentarisation, d’une consommation excessive et peu controlee des technologies d’information et de communication (TICS) par ailleurs indispensables aujourd’hui. Pour tenter d’informer objectivement les adolescents, les methodes de communication ciblees sur les adultes sont impuissantes et il faut mettre en place des actions specifiques faisant appel, notamment, aux groupes de jeunes, les pairs, ayant suivis une formation adaptee pour eviter la stigmatisation des ados souvent victimes de groupes de pression ou du sectarisme de certains « educateurs ». Le role de la famille, de l’ecole, de la medecine scolaire (a refondre) est capital surtout dans la preadolescence (6-12ans). L’accent est mis sur l’importance des activites physiques et sportives sur le plan de la sante mais aussi au niveau psycho-comportemental. Une attention particuliere doit se porter sur les jeunes issus de milieux defavorises qui, comme nous l’avons ecrit dans le 1 er rapport (La culture de prevention : des questions fondamentales adopte a l’unanimite par l’Academie de medecine le 15/10/2013), sont trop souvent oublies. La prevention « humaniste » et le developpement du lien social doivent constituer la base de nos actions. Aux 10 recommandations prioritaires concluant le premier rapport nous en avons ajoute 8 plus specifiques aux adolescents .
Le Cespharm au service des pharmaciens
Actualités Pharmaceutiques, 2016
Resume Le Cespharm et les outils qu’il propose sont plus que jamais d’actualite dans un contexte ... more Resume Le Cespharm et les outils qu’il propose sont plus que jamais d’actualite dans un contexte ou les reflexions et recommandations sanitaires sont resolument tournees vers la prevention, l’education pour la sante ou l’education therapeutique du patient. Un service propose par l’Ordre des pharmaciens, qui vise a aider les confreres a s’impliquer pleinement dans leurs missions de sante publique.
Distinct modifications by neurokinin, (SR140333) and neurokinin2 (SR48968) tachykinin receptor antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of acetylcholine in striosomes and matrix of the rat striatum
Neuroscience, 1998
Neuroscience, 1998
Ahstraet~he effects of SR140333 and SR48968 (neurokinin~ and neurokinin2 tachykinin receptor anta... more Ahstraet~he effects of SR140333 and SR48968 (neurokinin~ and neurokinin2 tachykinin receptor antagonists, respectively) on the N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine (previously formed from [3H]choline) were investigated in striosome-enriched areas and in the matrix of the rat striatum using an in vitro microsuperfusion method. In both striatal compartments, SR140333 and SR48968 did not modify the 50 gM N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine. However, in low concentrations, both SR140333 (0.1 gM to 1 pM) and SR48968 (0.1 gM to 0.1 nM) markedly enhanced the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (+10 gM D-serine)-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in striosome-enriched areas. These responses were dopamine-dependent since they were not observed any more following the local blockade of D2 receptors by sulpiride or of dopamine synthesis by ct-methyl-ptyrosine. A dopamine-dependent disinhibitory effect (of lower amplitude) on the 1 mM N-methyl-Daspartate (+10 gM D-serine)-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine was also induced by SR48968 (0.1 gM to 0.1 nM) (but not by SR140333) in the matrix. In addition, in the matrix, as shown only in the presence of a-methyl-p-tyrosine, both SR140333 and SR48968 reduced the I mM N-methyl-D-aspartate (+10 gM D-serine)-evoked response and these non-dopamine-mediated inhibitory effects only occurred at the highest tested concentration (0.1 gM) of the antagonists. Indicating the specificity of these responses, the effects of SR140333 were reproduced by RP67580, another neurokinin~ receptor antagonist and, as expected from previous binding studies, corresponding SR140333 and SR48968 enantiomers were without effect. These results suggest that under potent stimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, endogenously released substance P and neurokinin A (or related tachykinins) regulate differently the N-methyl-Daspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in striosomes and in the matrix. The inhibitory effects of these tachykinins on the evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine are mediated by dopamine. On the contrary, their facilitatory responses are only observed in the matrix under blockade of dopamine transmission.
Personnaliser les soins: L’éducation thérapeutique
Santé, égalité, solidarité, 2012
L’objectif de ce chapitre n’est pas de traiter des aspects theoriques de cette «nouvelle facon de... more L’objectif de ce chapitre n’est pas de traiter des aspects theoriques de cette «nouvelle facon de soigner« mais d’examiner en quoi l’education therapeutique des patients (ETP) intervient dans l’humanisation de la sante.
Role of arachidonic acid in the regulation of the NMDA‐evoked release of acetylcholine in striatal compartments
Synapse, 1999
The role of endogenously released arachidonic acid in the control of the NMDA (50 microM)-evoked ... more The role of endogenously released arachidonic acid in the control of the NMDA (50 microM)-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine previously formed from [3H]-choline was investigated in striosome-enriched areas and in the matrix of the rat striatum using a microsuperfusion procedure in vitro. Experiments were performed with either mepacrine (0.2 microM) or bovine serum albumin (BSA, 0.02%) which inhibits phospholipase A2 activity or binds endogenously released arachidonic acid, respectively. Both treatments similarly reduce the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine, this effect being more pronounced in striosomes than in the matrix. These reductions result from a facilitation of dopamine release, since they were not observed in the presence of (-)sulpiride, the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist. Moreover, the superfusion with BSA was shown to enhance the release of [3H]-dopamine (formed from [3H]-tyrosine), this effect being of larger amplitude in striosomes than in the matrix. In control conditions, due to the blockade of the presynaptic inhibitory effect of GABA on dopamine release, bicuculline (GABA(A) receptor antagonist) reduces the NMDA-evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine in both striatal compartments. Bicuculline was no longer effective following superfusions with either mepacrine or BSA, suggesting that these treatments eliminate the GABAergic presynaptic inhibitory control on dopamine transmission and thus lead to the dopamine-mediated inhibition of [3H]-acetylcholine release. These results indicate that arachidonic acid endogenously formed under weak stimulation of NMDA receptors contributes to the regulation of the evoked release of [3H]-acetylcholine by facilitating GABAergic transmission and that this process is more important in striosomes than in the matrix.
N-Methyl-d-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in striatal compartments of the rat: regulatory roles of dopamine and GABA
Neuroscience, 1997
The N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine previously formed from [3H]choline w... more The N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine previously formed from [3H]choline was estimated in striosome- (identified by [3H]naloxone binding) or matrix-enriched areas of the rat striatum using an in vitro microsuperfusion procedure. Experiments were performed in either the absence or the presence of dopaminergic and/or GABAergic receptor antagonists. Although the cell bodies of the cholinergic interneurons were mainly found in the matrix, in the absence of magnesium, N-methyl-D-aspartate (50 microM) stimulated the release of [3H]acetylcholine in both striatal compartments. These responses were blocked by either magnesium, dizocilpine maleate, 7-chlorokynurenate or tetrodotoxin. N-Methyl-D-aspartate responses were concentration-dependent, but the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate response was higher in striosomes than in the matrix. The co-application of D-serine (10 microM) enhanced the 10 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate response in both compartments, but reduced those induced by 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate, this reduction being higher in striosomes. The blockade of dopaminergic transmission with the D2 and D1 dopaminergic receptor antagonists, (-)-sulpiride (1 microM) and SCH23390 (1 microM), was without effect on the 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine, but markedly enhanced the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine-evoked response in striosomes and to a lesser extent in the matrix. Disinhibitory responses of similar amplitude were observed not only in striosomes but also in the matrix when (-)-sulpiride was used alone, while SCH23390 alone enhanced the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine response only in striosomes and to a lower extent than (-)-sulpiride. These results indicate that D2 receptors are mainly involved in the inhibitory effect of dopamine on the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine. They also show that the stimulation of D1 receptors can either reduce (striosomes) or enhance (matrix) this response, since in the latter case the effect induced by the combined application of the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists was smaller than that observed with the D2 receptor antagonist alone. Indicating that released GABA facilitates N-methyl-D-aspartate responses, the blockade of GABAA receptors with bicuculline (5 microM) reduced the 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine in both striatal compartments and the 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine response in the matrix. These effects result from an inhibition by GABA of the evoked release of dopamine, since the reducing effects of bicuculline on N-methyl-D-aspartate responses were not observed under the complete blockade of dopaminergic transmission by the D1 and D2 receptor antagonists. Further demonstrating a facilitatory role of GABA in the control of N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine, in the presence of bicuculline, (-)-sulpiride and SCH23390 alone or in combination enhanced, in both compartments, the responses induced not only by 1 mM N-methyl-D-aspartate+D-serine, but also by 50 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate.
Brain Research, 2000
Ž. Ž. The contribution of endogenously released dopamine, GABA and its co-transmitters, substance... more Ž. Ž. The contribution of endogenously released dopamine, GABA and its co-transmitters, substance P SP and neurokinin A NKA , to the control of the evoked release of acetylcholine was investigated in vitro in the striosomes and the matrix of the rat striatum under various Ž. modalities of NMDA receptor stimulation NMDA 50 mM or 1 mM without or with 10 mM D-serine. Sulpiride, bicuculline, SR140333 Ž. and SR48968, the antagonists of D , GABA A, NK and NK tachykinin receptors, respectively, were used for this purpose. 1 In both