Fabrice Auzanneau - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fabrice Auzanneau
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2021
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Les câbles electriques sont vecteurs de l'alimentation et de l'information pour les syste... more Les câbles electriques sont vecteurs de l'alimentation et de l'information pour les systemes communicants. Ils sont soumis aux memes contraintes et peuvent aussi etre affectes par des defauts (court-circuit, rupture, corrosion, usure, etc.). En cas de panne du systeme, il peut etre interessant de verifier l'etat physique du reseau d'interconnexion filaire avant de changer de couteux appareils. C'est certain, des systemes de diagnostic filaire permettraient d'enormes gains de temps et d'argent dans de nombreux domaines tels que les transports, l'energie, le bâtiment, les infrastructures et les telecommunications.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 22, 2009
Cable diagnosis is a crucial research topic for the reliability of embedded systems in automotive... more Cable diagnosis is a crucial research topic for the reliability of embedded systems in automotive applications. This paper presents a methodology dedicated to the reflectometry analysis of branched networks in order to localize and characterize the faults which may affect it. The direct model (propagation along the cables) is modelled by a RLCG circuit model and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. This model provides a simple and accurate method to simulate Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) response. Genetic algorithms are combined with this wire propagation model to solve the inverse problem and to deduce physical information's about defects from the reflectometry response.
Wire fault detection has been identified as a crucial need for aircraft safety. Several accidents... more Wire fault detection has been identified as a crucial need for aircraft safety. Several accidents were reportedly caused by intermittent faults such as arcs, encouraging studies on their detection. Detecting intermittent defects is only possible if the detection device is embedded within or close to the harness and it requires a very fast and efficient method, robust to noise. The recently presented Chaos Time Domain Reflectometry (CTDR) method has shown high robustness to noise and the capacity of monitoring power as well as communication wires without interfering with existing signals. This paper shows that CTDR can detect short intermittent faults in wires, shorter than one microsecond, paving the way to the early detection of incipient defects long before they impact the quality of service of the system, for wire and connector defect prognostics.
Annales Des Télécommunications, Sep 1, 1992
On consid~re un objet axisym~trique illumin~ par une onde plane en incidence axiale. Les champs d... more On consid~re un objet axisym~trique illumin~ par une onde plane en incidence axiale. Les champs de surface dans la zone d'ombre sont dus aux ondes rampantes et sont donn~s, loin de l' axe de sym~trie, par tes formules de la th~orie g~om~trique de la diffraction. Le point sur l' axe de sym~trie est un foyer pour les ondes rampantes et les formules pr~c~dentes y pr#disent un r~sultat infini. On d~termine, ~ l'aide d' une m~thode de d~veloppement asymptotique, une solution pour les champs au voisinage du foyer. Cette solution tend vers les r#sultats de la TGD loin du foyer et reste born~e au foyer. La comparaison des r#sultats obtenus par ~quation int~grale sur des sph~roi'des allong~s ou aplatis est satisfaisante.
Today, the most efficient methods for wired networks diagnosis are based on reflectometry: they c... more Today, the most efficient methods for wired networks diagnosis are based on reflectometry: they can detect hard (i.e. open / short circuits) and soft defects (i.e. insulation damage, hot spots or rust), either permanent or intermittent, and provide their location. This is an important information for maintenance operators who can focus repair in a shorter time. The possibility of monitoring the wires health using specifically designed reflectometry methods offers interesting opportunities for preventive maintenance. Electronic implementations of such methods are mostly based on the use of programmable logic digital systems, such as FPGA or microcontrollers, both for probe signals generation and measured signals analysis. But the cables have a pure analog behavior, therefore these systems are connected to additional costly devices such as digital to analog and analog to digital converters. These components have a direct impact on the systems performances: a higher sampling rate means a better defects location accuracy, but implies a higher cost. A higher resolution enables to detect lower signature defects but requires more memory and computing power for data processing. This paper presents a new purely binary reflectometry method using a simpler electronic architecture and quicker signal analysis, and showing better performances than standard methods (in terms of defect location accuracy, processing speed and memory requirement) at a lower cost. Equivalent detection performances are shown, and the new simplified electronic architecture enables to take advantage of all the digital resources, such as a higher clock frequency than that of most available converters, thus naturally improving the location accuracy. As the conversion components are not required anymore, the consumption and cost of the system is drastically reduced. Performance comparison is presented and an innovative process for the reflectogram computation is introduced, which enables a drastic reduction of the computing power needs and a quicker reflectogram update.
Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 2016
Electrical cables of all types are subject to aggressive operational environments that can be sou... more Electrical cables of all types are subject to aggressive operational environments that can be source of defects or accelerated aging. Reflectometry-based methods are among the best ones for the detection and location of hard defects, but cannot easily provide efficient unambiguous diagnosis for complex topology networks, such as bus or star-shaped wired networks. This paper introduces the use of a new method, called transferometry, as an additional tool for the diagnosis of complex topology networks and shows that it presents many advantages compared to reflectometry, both in terms of implementation and data processing. Based on the fusion of the analysis results of several transmitted signals, it can provide a better diagnosis with fewer sensors than distributed reflectometry, with a simpler electronic architecture.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1999
Several new artificial nonlinear composite materials are introduced in this paper. They consist o... more Several new artificial nonlinear composite materials are introduced in this paper. They consist of electric molecules constructed with nonlinearly loaded electrically small dipole antennas. Their behaviors are studied with an augmented finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) simulator. The loads are based upon the use of multiple diodes and ideal operational amplifiers. The resulting composite materials are shown to have nonlinear electromagnetic properties including the ability to create any desired set of harmonics and subharmonics from an input wave having a single fixed frequency. Curve shaping circuits are introduced, simulated, and used to design materials that produce output signals of specified forms. Because the operating points of these curve shapers are adjustable, they could be modified in real time. The resulting smart materials could be designed in the microwave region to produce any specified response to a recognized input signal. Index Terms-Electromagnetic propagation in nonlinear media, electromagnetic scattering by nonlinear media, nonhomogeneous media.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Sep 1, 2018
Intermittent faults (IFs), i.e., temporary malfunctions appearing at the random or periodic momen... more Intermittent faults (IFs), i.e., temporary malfunctions appearing at the random or periodic moments with normal behavior in between, are the measurable symptoms of the degradation of a system. Their frequency and severity increase over time, eventually leading to permanent faults. In order to optimally plan preventive maintenance, it is essential to catch IFs soon enough to repair them before they turn permanent. This paper introduces a new method, called continuous chaos time-domain reflectometry, which enables real-time monitoring of an electrical network and provides the detection and location information of microsecond IFs together with an estimation of their time of appearance and duration.
Journal of Applied Physics, Oct 1, 1997
The design of magnetic materials can be achieved with artificial magnetic molecules formed by ele... more The design of magnetic materials can be achieved with artificial magnetic molecules formed by electrically small loop antennas loaded with passive electrical circuit elements. A time derivative Lorentz material response is achieved with a series resistor and capacitor load. It is shown that the parameters of this magnetic molecule can be selected to yield a time derivative Lorentz material that acts as a highly conducting magnetic wall.
Journal of Applied Physics, Oct 1, 1997
The design of dielectric materials with artificial molecules formed by electrically small dipole ... more The design of dielectric materials with artificial molecules formed by electrically small dipole antennas loaded with passive electrical circuit elements is considered. Variations in the antenna loads lead to known and generalizations of known dielectric material models. These artificial dielectrics are characterized in terms of their equivalent susceptibilities and polarization vectors both in the frequency and time domains. With suitable choices in the antenna loads one can design the loss and dispersion properties of the resultant materials.
Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 1999
Compel-the International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jul 12, 2011
Abstract:< B> Purpose</B>-Aging wiring in cars, aircraft, trains and other transporta... more Abstract:< B> Purpose</B>-Aging wiring in cars, aircraft, trains and other transportation means is identified as a critical security area. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new methodology for wire diagnosis allowing the detection, localization and characterization of ...
Transmission lines are the backbone structures of electrical systems. They play a primary role in... more Transmission lines are the backbone structures of electrical systems. They play a primary role in energy and signal distribution where their reliable functioning is of critical importance. The fault location problem has been thoroughly studied due to the importance of safety and reliability aspects. Among various methods, time reversal (TR), which is an adaptive focusing technique employed to focus waves in space and time, has been lately applied with success to transmission line fault diagnosis. Its unprecedented performance has been demonstrated for precisely locating soft and hard faults in simple and complex topologies in both power and communication networks. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art TR techniques and their applications in communication and power networks. Index Terms-Wiring networks, transmission lines, fault detection and location, time reversal, power grids.
Electronics Letters, Feb 1, 2016
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Jan 17, 2011
This paper presents an effective technique to reconstruct faulty wiring networks and/or to locali... more This paper presents an effective technique to reconstruct faulty wiring networks and/or to localize the defects affecting the branches of a wiring network from the reflectometry response. The direct problem (propagation in the cables) is modelled by RLCG circuit parameters and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method whereas the inverse problem is solved using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). In a first step the forward problems is validated by comparison with experimental and simulated data. In a second step the proposed reconstruction method is applied on different configurations and the results are discussed.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Aug 1, 2010
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1998
The electromagnetic properties of composite materials composed of dipole or loop antennas (also c... more The electromagnetic properties of composite materials composed of dipole or loop antennas (also called molecules) loaded with different linear passive electronic circuits are summarized. These molecules are extended to those molecules whose loads contain some basic nonlinear elements. Several examples are discussed. The simplest nonlinear load is the clamping circuit: a diode and a resistor are connected in series to
Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 1998
The electromagnetic properties of artificial molecules composed of small linearly loaded antennas... more The electromagnetic properties of artificial molecules composed of small linearly loaded antennas embedded in a host medium are derived and discussed. It is demonstrated that the electromagnetic characteristics of these artificial materials can be designed by carefully selecting their loads. Various previously known material models (Debye, Lorentz) are recovered and their properties are generalized to more complex behaviors (Time Derivative
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2021
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Les câbles electriques sont vecteurs de l'alimentation et de l'information pour les syste... more Les câbles electriques sont vecteurs de l'alimentation et de l'information pour les systemes communicants. Ils sont soumis aux memes contraintes et peuvent aussi etre affectes par des defauts (court-circuit, rupture, corrosion, usure, etc.). En cas de panne du systeme, il peut etre interessant de verifier l'etat physique du reseau d'interconnexion filaire avant de changer de couteux appareils. C'est certain, des systemes de diagnostic filaire permettraient d'enormes gains de temps et d'argent dans de nombreux domaines tels que les transports, l'energie, le bâtiment, les infrastructures et les telecommunications.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 22, 2009
Cable diagnosis is a crucial research topic for the reliability of embedded systems in automotive... more Cable diagnosis is a crucial research topic for the reliability of embedded systems in automotive applications. This paper presents a methodology dedicated to the reflectometry analysis of branched networks in order to localize and characterize the faults which may affect it. The direct model (propagation along the cables) is modelled by a RLCG circuit model and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. This model provides a simple and accurate method to simulate Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) response. Genetic algorithms are combined with this wire propagation model to solve the inverse problem and to deduce physical information's about defects from the reflectometry response.
Wire fault detection has been identified as a crucial need for aircraft safety. Several accidents... more Wire fault detection has been identified as a crucial need for aircraft safety. Several accidents were reportedly caused by intermittent faults such as arcs, encouraging studies on their detection. Detecting intermittent defects is only possible if the detection device is embedded within or close to the harness and it requires a very fast and efficient method, robust to noise. The recently presented Chaos Time Domain Reflectometry (CTDR) method has shown high robustness to noise and the capacity of monitoring power as well as communication wires without interfering with existing signals. This paper shows that CTDR can detect short intermittent faults in wires, shorter than one microsecond, paving the way to the early detection of incipient defects long before they impact the quality of service of the system, for wire and connector defect prognostics.
Annales Des Télécommunications, Sep 1, 1992
On consid~re un objet axisym~trique illumin~ par une onde plane en incidence axiale. Les champs d... more On consid~re un objet axisym~trique illumin~ par une onde plane en incidence axiale. Les champs de surface dans la zone d'ombre sont dus aux ondes rampantes et sont donn~s, loin de l' axe de sym~trie, par tes formules de la th~orie g~om~trique de la diffraction. Le point sur l' axe de sym~trie est un foyer pour les ondes rampantes et les formules pr~c~dentes y pr#disent un r~sultat infini. On d~termine, ~ l'aide d' une m~thode de d~veloppement asymptotique, une solution pour les champs au voisinage du foyer. Cette solution tend vers les r#sultats de la TGD loin du foyer et reste born~e au foyer. La comparaison des r#sultats obtenus par ~quation int~grale sur des sph~roi'des allong~s ou aplatis est satisfaisante.
Today, the most efficient methods for wired networks diagnosis are based on reflectometry: they c... more Today, the most efficient methods for wired networks diagnosis are based on reflectometry: they can detect hard (i.e. open / short circuits) and soft defects (i.e. insulation damage, hot spots or rust), either permanent or intermittent, and provide their location. This is an important information for maintenance operators who can focus repair in a shorter time. The possibility of monitoring the wires health using specifically designed reflectometry methods offers interesting opportunities for preventive maintenance. Electronic implementations of such methods are mostly based on the use of programmable logic digital systems, such as FPGA or microcontrollers, both for probe signals generation and measured signals analysis. But the cables have a pure analog behavior, therefore these systems are connected to additional costly devices such as digital to analog and analog to digital converters. These components have a direct impact on the systems performances: a higher sampling rate means a better defects location accuracy, but implies a higher cost. A higher resolution enables to detect lower signature defects but requires more memory and computing power for data processing. This paper presents a new purely binary reflectometry method using a simpler electronic architecture and quicker signal analysis, and showing better performances than standard methods (in terms of defect location accuracy, processing speed and memory requirement) at a lower cost. Equivalent detection performances are shown, and the new simplified electronic architecture enables to take advantage of all the digital resources, such as a higher clock frequency than that of most available converters, thus naturally improving the location accuracy. As the conversion components are not required anymore, the consumption and cost of the system is drastically reduced. Performance comparison is presented and an innovative process for the reflectogram computation is introduced, which enables a drastic reduction of the computing power needs and a quicker reflectogram update.
Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 2016
Electrical cables of all types are subject to aggressive operational environments that can be sou... more Electrical cables of all types are subject to aggressive operational environments that can be source of defects or accelerated aging. Reflectometry-based methods are among the best ones for the detection and location of hard defects, but cannot easily provide efficient unambiguous diagnosis for complex topology networks, such as bus or star-shaped wired networks. This paper introduces the use of a new method, called transferometry, as an additional tool for the diagnosis of complex topology networks and shows that it presents many advantages compared to reflectometry, both in terms of implementation and data processing. Based on the fusion of the analysis results of several transmitted signals, it can provide a better diagnosis with fewer sensors than distributed reflectometry, with a simpler electronic architecture.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1999
Several new artificial nonlinear composite materials are introduced in this paper. They consist o... more Several new artificial nonlinear composite materials are introduced in this paper. They consist of electric molecules constructed with nonlinearly loaded electrically small dipole antennas. Their behaviors are studied with an augmented finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) simulator. The loads are based upon the use of multiple diodes and ideal operational amplifiers. The resulting composite materials are shown to have nonlinear electromagnetic properties including the ability to create any desired set of harmonics and subharmonics from an input wave having a single fixed frequency. Curve shaping circuits are introduced, simulated, and used to design materials that produce output signals of specified forms. Because the operating points of these curve shapers are adjustable, they could be modified in real time. The resulting smart materials could be designed in the microwave region to produce any specified response to a recognized input signal. Index Terms-Electromagnetic propagation in nonlinear media, electromagnetic scattering by nonlinear media, nonhomogeneous media.
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Sep 1, 2018
Intermittent faults (IFs), i.e., temporary malfunctions appearing at the random or periodic momen... more Intermittent faults (IFs), i.e., temporary malfunctions appearing at the random or periodic moments with normal behavior in between, are the measurable symptoms of the degradation of a system. Their frequency and severity increase over time, eventually leading to permanent faults. In order to optimally plan preventive maintenance, it is essential to catch IFs soon enough to repair them before they turn permanent. This paper introduces a new method, called continuous chaos time-domain reflectometry, which enables real-time monitoring of an electrical network and provides the detection and location information of microsecond IFs together with an estimation of their time of appearance and duration.
Journal of Applied Physics, Oct 1, 1997
The design of magnetic materials can be achieved with artificial magnetic molecules formed by ele... more The design of magnetic materials can be achieved with artificial magnetic molecules formed by electrically small loop antennas loaded with passive electrical circuit elements. A time derivative Lorentz material response is achieved with a series resistor and capacitor load. It is shown that the parameters of this magnetic molecule can be selected to yield a time derivative Lorentz material that acts as a highly conducting magnetic wall.
Journal of Applied Physics, Oct 1, 1997
The design of dielectric materials with artificial molecules formed by electrically small dipole ... more The design of dielectric materials with artificial molecules formed by electrically small dipole antennas loaded with passive electrical circuit elements is considered. Variations in the antenna loads lead to known and generalizations of known dielectric material models. These artificial dielectrics are characterized in terms of their equivalent susceptibilities and polarization vectors both in the frequency and time domains. With suitable choices in the antenna loads one can design the loss and dispersion properties of the resultant materials.
Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 1999
Compel-the International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Jul 12, 2011
Abstract:< B> Purpose</B>-Aging wiring in cars, aircraft, trains and other transporta... more Abstract:< B> Purpose</B>-Aging wiring in cars, aircraft, trains and other transportation means is identified as a critical security area. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new methodology for wire diagnosis allowing the detection, localization and characterization of ...
Transmission lines are the backbone structures of electrical systems. They play a primary role in... more Transmission lines are the backbone structures of electrical systems. They play a primary role in energy and signal distribution where their reliable functioning is of critical importance. The fault location problem has been thoroughly studied due to the importance of safety and reliability aspects. Among various methods, time reversal (TR), which is an adaptive focusing technique employed to focus waves in space and time, has been lately applied with success to transmission line fault diagnosis. Its unprecedented performance has been demonstrated for precisely locating soft and hard faults in simple and complex topologies in both power and communication networks. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art TR techniques and their applications in communication and power networks. Index Terms-Wiring networks, transmission lines, fault detection and location, time reversal, power grids.
Electronics Letters, Feb 1, 2016
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Jan 17, 2011
This paper presents an effective technique to reconstruct faulty wiring networks and/or to locali... more This paper presents an effective technique to reconstruct faulty wiring networks and/or to localize the defects affecting the branches of a wiring network from the reflectometry response. The direct problem (propagation in the cables) is modelled by RLCG circuit parameters and the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method whereas the inverse problem is solved using Genetic Algorithms (GAs). In a first step the forward problems is validated by comparison with experimental and simulated data. In a second step the proposed reconstruction method is applied on different configurations and the results are discussed.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Aug 1, 2010
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1998
The electromagnetic properties of composite materials composed of dipole or loop antennas (also c... more The electromagnetic properties of composite materials composed of dipole or loop antennas (also called molecules) loaded with different linear passive electronic circuits are summarized. These molecules are extended to those molecules whose loads contain some basic nonlinear elements. Several examples are discussed. The simplest nonlinear load is the clamping circuit: a diode and a resistor are connected in series to
Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 1998
The electromagnetic properties of artificial molecules composed of small linearly loaded antennas... more The electromagnetic properties of artificial molecules composed of small linearly loaded antennas embedded in a host medium are derived and discussed. It is demonstrated that the electromagnetic characteristics of these artificial materials can be designed by carefully selecting their loads. Various previously known material models (Debye, Lorentz) are recovered and their properties are generalized to more complex behaviors (Time Derivative