Fahad Naeem - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fahad Naeem
In 2001, roughly 15 lac American ladies were utilizing estradiol treatment, either in the presenc... more In 2001, roughly 15 lac American ladies were utilizing estradiol treatment, either in the presence or absence of progestins. Women's Health Initiative (WHI) description(2002) of more noteworthy mischief than advantage of consolidated CEE in addition to a progesterone brought about an abrupt diminishing in estradiol and progesterone exploit and a genuine reexamination of stoppage of periodic cycle chemical treatment, just as expanded enthusiasm for elective ways to deal with overseeing menopausal side effects, counting utilization of "bio-identical" hormones. FDA rules with respect to treatment signs for vasomotor side effects, vaginal decay, and osteoporosis avoidance have brought about endorsement of a few estrogen (and progestin) plans, portions, and courses of organization, subsequently giving numerous alternatives to ladies who look for customary treatment. In 1941 promotion of The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was made and conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) in 1942 for management of indications of menopause. Estradiol deals multiplied what's more significantly increased in the middle of 1960 to the end of 1970s, until 1975, while information of expanded internal malignancy in estradiol clients brought about a sensational decay. Estradiol utilize expanded once more, with proof of defensive impacts of progestin on estradiol-prompted internal alterations, joined by means of a 1982 description to facilitate Premarin (associated estradiol pills; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) held fillet accumulation and a 1984 National Institutes of Health (NIH) agreement meeting on bone weakness explanation that estradiol were the best methods for forestalling fillet misfortune. In spite of clashing reports in 1985 with respect to the connection among estradiol and coronary illness (CHD), numerous distributed perceptions of decreased CHD hazard in estradiol clients-fortified by medical preliminary discoveries in 1995 of positive lipoprotein alterations in ladies doled out to CEE through a progesteroneadvanced expanded exploit throughout the 1990s.
Designed Monomers and Polymers, 2016
Ranjha (2017) The structural, morphological and thermal properties of grafted pH-sensitive interp... more Ranjha (2017) The structural, morphological and thermal properties of grafted pH-sensitive interpenetrating highly porous polymeric composites of sodium alginate/acrylic acid copolymers for controlled delivery of diclofenac potassium, Designed
BioImpacts : BI, 2017
Introduction: The current work was aimed to design and synthesize novel crosslinked pH-sensitive ... more Introduction: The current work was aimed to design and synthesize novel crosslinked pH-sensitive gelatin/pectin (Ge/Pec) hydrogels using different polymeric ratios and to explore the effect of polymers and degree of crosslinking on dynamic, equilibrium swelling and in vitro release behavior of the model drug (Mannitol). Methods: The Ge/Pec based hydrogels were prepared using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker. Various structural parameters that affect their release behavior were determined, including swelling study, porosity, sol-gel analysis, average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), volume fraction of polymer (V2,s), solvent interaction parameter (χ) and diffusion coefficient. The synthesized hydrogels were subjected to various characterization tools like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DSC differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The hydrogels show highest water uptake and release a...
Journal of Surgical Oncology
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predicti... more Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predictive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Europe and Asia. We aimed to evaluate whether NLR at presentation in a Western center provides any prognostic value compared to other common prognostic scores. NLR was calculated for 75 consecutive patients at presentation with HCC and regression models were used to analyze its value for predicting treatment strategy and short-term survival with Child-Pugh and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD). NLR was not predictive of future treatment regimens with hepatectomy, liver transplant, or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-1.02, P = 0.079) as compared the predictive value of MELD (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.72-0.93, P = 0.002) or Child-Pugh (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.34-0.69, P < 0.001). Adding additional adjustment for treatment, NLR did not correlate with short-term overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]...
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
Conventional dosage forms provide a sharp increase in plasma drug levels that falls below the the... more Conventional dosage forms provide a sharp increase in plasma drug levels that falls below the therapeutic range after short interval of time until the re-administration of drug. There is a need of such dosage forms which provide not only sustained drug delivery but also reduce the plasma drug levels fluctuations. Microspheres used in drug delivery systems due to their ability to sustain the drug release, their biodegradability and compatibility and targeted drug delivery. In this review different types of microspheres their methods for the preparation with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, drug loading capacities will be discussed. Different characterizations like SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, rheological properties and invitro drug release are successfully described.
Journal of Surgical Oncology
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predicti... more Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predictive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Europe and Asia. We aimed to evaluate whether NLR at presentation in a Western center provides any prognostic value compared to other common prognostic scores. NLR was calculated for 75 consecutive patients at presentation with HCC and regression models were used to analyze its value for predicting treatment strategy and short-term survival with Child-Pugh and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD). NLR was not predictive of future treatment regimens with hepatectomy, liver transplant, or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-1.02, P = 0.079) as compared the predictive value of MELD (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.72-0.93, P = 0.002) or Child-Pugh (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.34-0.69, P < 0.001). Adding additional adjustment for treatment, NLR did not correlate with short-term overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]...
Renal …, 2012
Previous studies have demonstrated the role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Neutrop... more Previous studies have demonstrated the role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) rather than other white cell parameters was found to be a useful inflammatory marker to predict adverse outcomes in medical and surgical conditions. Nevertheless, the value of NLR in predicting DN has not been elucidated. An observational study included 338 diabetic patients, who were followed at our clinic between 2007 and 2009. We arranged our patients into tertiles according to their 2007 NLR. The primary outcome was continuous decrease of GFR >12 mL/min between 2007 and 2009 with the last GFR <60 mL/min. The lowest NLR tertile had fewer patients (2.7%) with primary outcome (i.e., worsening renal function) compared with middle and highest NLR tertiles, which had more patients with primary outcomes (8.7% and 11.5%, respectively) with a significant p-value 0.0164. When other potential confounders were individually analyzed with NLR tertile, the NLR te...
The Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Bu çalışmada, her bir polimerin farklı oranları kullanılarak pH duyarlı çapraz bağlı jelatin/sody... more Bu çalışmada, her bir polimerin farklı oranları kullanılarak pH duyarlı çapraz bağlı jelatin/sodyum aljinat hidrojellerinin tasarlanması ve sentezlemesi ve her bir polimerin dinamik, kararlı şişme ve model etken madde olarak seçilen setirizin hidroklorürün in vitro salım profiline etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu jelatin ve sodyum aljinat hidrojelleri, oda sıcaklığında, çapraz bağlayıcı olarak glutaraldehitin kullanımıyla serbest radikal polimerizasyonu ile hazırlandı. Bu polimerik kompozitler, çeşitli önemli karakterizasyonları öngörmek için model sistemler olarak kullanıldı. Etken maddelerin in vitro salım modeli üç farklı ortamda (pH 1.2, 5.5, 7.5 iyonik kuvveti sabit tutulan fosfat tampon çözeltisi) araştırıldı. Solunum analizi, gözeneklilik, sol-jel analizi, çapraz bağlar arasındaki ortalama molekül ağırlığı (Mc), çözücü etkileşim parametresi (χ), polimerin hacim fraksiyonu (V 2,s) ve difüzyon gibi salım davranışını etkileyen çeşitli yapı özellik ilişkileri belirlendi. FTIR, XRD ve DSC analizi kullanılarak yapı, kristalinite ve termal stabilite doğrulandı. Objectives: The present work aimed to design and synthesize pH-sensitive cross-linked Ge/SA hydrogels using different ratios of each polymer, and to investigate the effect of each polymer on dynamic, equilibrium swelling, and in vitro release pattern of cetirizine hydrochloride, which was selected as a model drug. Materials and Methods: These gelatin and sodium alginate hydrogels were prepared at room temperature through free radical polymerization using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. These polymeric composites were used as model systems to envisage various important characterizations. The in vitro release pattern of drug was investigated in three different mediums (phosphate buffer solution of pH 1.2, 5.5, 7.5 whose ionic strength was kept constant). Various structure property relationships that affect its release behavior were determined such as swelling analysis, porosity, solgel analysis, average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), solvent interaction parameter (χ), volume fraction of polymer (V 2,s) and diffusion coefficient. The structural, crystallinity, and thermal stability were confirmed using FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis. Results: These hydrogels showed maximum swelling at pH 1.2. Zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Peppas models were applied to demonstrate the release pattern of drug. The release of drug occurred through non-Fickian diffusion or anomalous mechanism. Porosity was found increased with an increase in concentration of both polymers, and porosity decreased when the concentration of the crosslinker was increased. Gel fraction increased with an increase in concentration of SA, Ge, and glutaraldehyde. Conclusion: The prepared pH sensitive hydrogels can be used as a potential carrier for the sustained delivery of cetirizine hydrochloride.
In 2001, roughly 15 lac American ladies were utilizing estradiol treatment, either in the presenc... more In 2001, roughly 15 lac American ladies were utilizing estradiol treatment, either in the presence or absence of progestins. Women's Health Initiative (WHI) description(2002) of more noteworthy mischief than advantage of consolidated CEE in addition to a progesterone brought about an abrupt diminishing in estradiol and progesterone exploit and a genuine reexamination of stoppage of periodic cycle chemical treatment, just as expanded enthusiasm for elective ways to deal with overseeing menopausal side effects, counting utilization of "bio-identical" hormones. FDA rules with respect to treatment signs for vasomotor side effects, vaginal decay, and osteoporosis avoidance have brought about endorsement of a few estrogen (and progestin) plans, portions, and courses of organization, subsequently giving numerous alternatives to ladies who look for customary treatment. In 1941 promotion of The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was made and conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) in 1942 for management of indications of menopause. Estradiol deals multiplied what's more significantly increased in the middle of 1960 to the end of 1970s, until 1975, while information of expanded internal malignancy in estradiol clients brought about a sensational decay. Estradiol utilize expanded once more, with proof of defensive impacts of progestin on estradiol-prompted internal alterations, joined by means of a 1982 description to facilitate Premarin (associated estradiol pills; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA) held fillet accumulation and a 1984 National Institutes of Health (NIH) agreement meeting on bone weakness explanation that estradiol were the best methods for forestalling fillet misfortune. In spite of clashing reports in 1985 with respect to the connection among estradiol and coronary illness (CHD), numerous distributed perceptions of decreased CHD hazard in estradiol clients-fortified by medical preliminary discoveries in 1995 of positive lipoprotein alterations in ladies doled out to CEE through a progesteroneadvanced expanded exploit throughout the 1990s.
Designed Monomers and Polymers, 2016
Ranjha (2017) The structural, morphological and thermal properties of grafted pH-sensitive interp... more Ranjha (2017) The structural, morphological and thermal properties of grafted pH-sensitive interpenetrating highly porous polymeric composites of sodium alginate/acrylic acid copolymers for controlled delivery of diclofenac potassium, Designed
BioImpacts : BI, 2017
Introduction: The current work was aimed to design and synthesize novel crosslinked pH-sensitive ... more Introduction: The current work was aimed to design and synthesize novel crosslinked pH-sensitive gelatin/pectin (Ge/Pec) hydrogels using different polymeric ratios and to explore the effect of polymers and degree of crosslinking on dynamic, equilibrium swelling and in vitro release behavior of the model drug (Mannitol). Methods: The Ge/Pec based hydrogels were prepared using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker. Various structural parameters that affect their release behavior were determined, including swelling study, porosity, sol-gel analysis, average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), volume fraction of polymer (V2,s), solvent interaction parameter (χ) and diffusion coefficient. The synthesized hydrogels were subjected to various characterization tools like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DSC differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The hydrogels show highest water uptake and release a...
Journal of Surgical Oncology
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predicti... more Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predictive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Europe and Asia. We aimed to evaluate whether NLR at presentation in a Western center provides any prognostic value compared to other common prognostic scores. NLR was calculated for 75 consecutive patients at presentation with HCC and regression models were used to analyze its value for predicting treatment strategy and short-term survival with Child-Pugh and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD). NLR was not predictive of future treatment regimens with hepatectomy, liver transplant, or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-1.02, P = 0.079) as compared the predictive value of MELD (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.72-0.93, P = 0.002) or Child-Pugh (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.34-0.69, P < 0.001). Adding additional adjustment for treatment, NLR did not correlate with short-term overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]...
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
Conventional dosage forms provide a sharp increase in plasma drug levels that falls below the the... more Conventional dosage forms provide a sharp increase in plasma drug levels that falls below the therapeutic range after short interval of time until the re-administration of drug. There is a need of such dosage forms which provide not only sustained drug delivery but also reduce the plasma drug levels fluctuations. Microspheres used in drug delivery systems due to their ability to sustain the drug release, their biodegradability and compatibility and targeted drug delivery. In this review different types of microspheres their methods for the preparation with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, drug loading capacities will be discussed. Different characterizations like SEM, FTIR, XRD, DSC, rheological properties and invitro drug release are successfully described.
Journal of Surgical Oncology
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predicti... more Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple, inexpensive, and has been proposed to be predictive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Europe and Asia. We aimed to evaluate whether NLR at presentation in a Western center provides any prognostic value compared to other common prognostic scores. NLR was calculated for 75 consecutive patients at presentation with HCC and regression models were used to analyze its value for predicting treatment strategy and short-term survival with Child-Pugh and Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD). NLR was not predictive of future treatment regimens with hepatectomy, liver transplant, or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; odds ratio [OR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-1.02, P = 0.079) as compared the predictive value of MELD (OR: 0.81, CI: 0.72-0.93, P = 0.002) or Child-Pugh (OR: 0.48, CI: 0.34-0.69, P < 0.001). Adding additional adjustment for treatment, NLR did not correlate with short-term overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]...
Renal …, 2012
Previous studies have demonstrated the role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Neutrop... more Previous studies have demonstrated the role of inflammation in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) rather than other white cell parameters was found to be a useful inflammatory marker to predict adverse outcomes in medical and surgical conditions. Nevertheless, the value of NLR in predicting DN has not been elucidated. An observational study included 338 diabetic patients, who were followed at our clinic between 2007 and 2009. We arranged our patients into tertiles according to their 2007 NLR. The primary outcome was continuous decrease of GFR >12 mL/min between 2007 and 2009 with the last GFR <60 mL/min. The lowest NLR tertile had fewer patients (2.7%) with primary outcome (i.e., worsening renal function) compared with middle and highest NLR tertiles, which had more patients with primary outcomes (8.7% and 11.5%, respectively) with a significant p-value 0.0164. When other potential confounders were individually analyzed with NLR tertile, the NLR te...
The Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Bu çalışmada, her bir polimerin farklı oranları kullanılarak pH duyarlı çapraz bağlı jelatin/sody... more Bu çalışmada, her bir polimerin farklı oranları kullanılarak pH duyarlı çapraz bağlı jelatin/sodyum aljinat hidrojellerinin tasarlanması ve sentezlemesi ve her bir polimerin dinamik, kararlı şişme ve model etken madde olarak seçilen setirizin hidroklorürün in vitro salım profiline etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu jelatin ve sodyum aljinat hidrojelleri, oda sıcaklığında, çapraz bağlayıcı olarak glutaraldehitin kullanımıyla serbest radikal polimerizasyonu ile hazırlandı. Bu polimerik kompozitler, çeşitli önemli karakterizasyonları öngörmek için model sistemler olarak kullanıldı. Etken maddelerin in vitro salım modeli üç farklı ortamda (pH 1.2, 5.5, 7.5 iyonik kuvveti sabit tutulan fosfat tampon çözeltisi) araştırıldı. Solunum analizi, gözeneklilik, sol-jel analizi, çapraz bağlar arasındaki ortalama molekül ağırlığı (Mc), çözücü etkileşim parametresi (χ), polimerin hacim fraksiyonu (V 2,s) ve difüzyon gibi salım davranışını etkileyen çeşitli yapı özellik ilişkileri belirlendi. FTIR, XRD ve DSC analizi kullanılarak yapı, kristalinite ve termal stabilite doğrulandı. Objectives: The present work aimed to design and synthesize pH-sensitive cross-linked Ge/SA hydrogels using different ratios of each polymer, and to investigate the effect of each polymer on dynamic, equilibrium swelling, and in vitro release pattern of cetirizine hydrochloride, which was selected as a model drug. Materials and Methods: These gelatin and sodium alginate hydrogels were prepared at room temperature through free radical polymerization using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. These polymeric composites were used as model systems to envisage various important characterizations. The in vitro release pattern of drug was investigated in three different mediums (phosphate buffer solution of pH 1.2, 5.5, 7.5 whose ionic strength was kept constant). Various structure property relationships that affect its release behavior were determined such as swelling analysis, porosity, solgel analysis, average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), solvent interaction parameter (χ), volume fraction of polymer (V 2,s) and diffusion coefficient. The structural, crystallinity, and thermal stability were confirmed using FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis. Results: These hydrogels showed maximum swelling at pH 1.2. Zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Peppas models were applied to demonstrate the release pattern of drug. The release of drug occurred through non-Fickian diffusion or anomalous mechanism. Porosity was found increased with an increase in concentration of both polymers, and porosity decreased when the concentration of the crosslinker was increased. Gel fraction increased with an increase in concentration of SA, Ge, and glutaraldehyde. Conclusion: The prepared pH sensitive hydrogels can be used as a potential carrier for the sustained delivery of cetirizine hydrochloride.