Fariba Behrooz Sarand - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fariba Behrooz Sarand
Geoenvironmental Disasters, Jun 26, 2023
Background Consolidation of clays could be a very time-consuming procedure. However, preloading c... more Background Consolidation of clays could be a very time-consuming procedure. However, preloading can increase the speed of consolidation; applying an electric field can accelerate this procedure significantly. The efficiency of the electroosmosis approach has been studied for different types of clays previously. At the same time, there is no information about the performance of the EO method for Tabriz gray clay. Methods This paper investigates the effects of the EO technology on Tabriz gray clay using a modified oedometer consolidation apparatus. The achieved results of the EO consolidation of the Gray clay of Tabriz are compared with the standard Kaolin clay (KC-which produced industrially). Three different electrodes (Iron, Copper, and Aluminum) are employed to study about effects of the electrode type, and two different voltages (12 V and 24 V) are applied to assess the impact of the input electric field on the settlement of samples. Results It is shown that the copper electrode leads to maximum volumetric strains while the iron electrode results in minimum volumetric strains. In addition, it is shown that the larger input voltage leads to larger settlements. The results indicate that the EO approach is more efficient for the Gray clay of Tabriz in comparison to the KC, where gray clay shows larger settlements while subjected to an electric field. Unconfined compression tests are also applied to some samples, and the EO method's influence on the samples' strength is discussed. Conclusions The achieved results demonstrated that the EO method can be efficiently used to improve the consolidation and strength properties of the gray clay of Tabriz. Highlights • Effects of the electro-osmosis (EO) method on the consolidation properties of the grey clay of Tabriz were investigated. • A modified oedometer apparatus was developed to assess efficiency of the EO method for gray clay of Tabriz. • EO induced settlements of the grey clay of Tabriz were compared with the settlements of Kaolin clay. • Effects of the different electrodes on the EO induced settlements were evaluated. • Effects of the EO on the unconfined strength of clays were investigated.
CRC Press eBooks, Dec 18, 2013
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
Journal of Nanostructures, 2015
Classical xerogels are robust, inexpensive and nontoxic materials with low-ordered nanoporous str... more Classical xerogels are robust, inexpensive and nontoxic materials with low-ordered nanoporous structures. In water streams where the pH is higher than the Point of Zero Charge, the surface of classical xerogels such as tetraethoxy orthosilan (TEOS) xerogel is negatively charged. It was assumed that a xerogel can work as a strong adsorbent for metal ions without further modification. Therefore, the capability of TEOS xerogel for adsorption of two heavy metal ions, Pb2+ and Cd2+, from aqueous solution was studied. The batch experiments revealed that the adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity for Pb2+ (58.82 mg/g) and Cd2+ (35.71 mg/g) as compared with the reported low-cost adsorbents. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies were employed to explain the adsorption mechanism. It was concluded that the adsorption of both ions on TEOS xerogel obey chemisorption mechanism. However, the reaction of Pb2+ with the adsorbent is thermodynamic controlled and the one of Cd2+ is kinetic controlled. A...
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2014 (ICPMG2014), Perth, Australia, 14-17 January 2014, 2013
Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Jul 18, 2022
Computers and Geotechnics, 2010
... 2. Current practice in prediction of liquefaction occurrence. ... In this paper a new approac... more ... 2. Current practice in prediction of liquefaction occurrence. ... In this paper a new approach is proposed for the assessment of liquefaction potential of sands ... A database of 180 CPT basedliquefaction and non-liquefaction case histories, gathered from nine independent studies [7 ...
Soils and Rocks, 2021
Tabriz, as one of the most earthquake-prone cities in the Iran plateau, has experienced enormous ... more Tabriz, as one of the most earthquake-prone cities in the Iran plateau, has experienced enormous earthquakes that have even destroyed the city altogether. Considering this seismological background and the vicinity of Tabriz's northwestern fault, reducing the possible earthquake losses can be highly useful by scrutinizing the strong ground motion resulting from the fault activation. To this end, a stochastic finite-fault ground motion simulation (EXSIM) method was applied as an important means for predicting the ground motion near the epicenter of the earthquake. EXSIM is an open-source stochastic finite-fault simulation algorithm that generates the time-series of the earthquake's ground motion. Based on the findings, the peak horizontal acceleration reached 0.83 g in the northern parts by creating artificial accelerograms and Tabriz's seismic zonation. In comparison, it reduced by 0.48 g by departing from the fault in the city's southern parts. Additionally, providing a seismic zonation map in Tabriz revealed that stopping the construction in the north parts while extending the settlement construction to the south part of the city are considered vital and unavoidable. Also, by applying the magnification and effects of the soil layers above the bedrock, it was further found that the existence of the loose layer with low strength and compaction intensify the application of seismic acceleration on the near-surface structures in the central, west, and southwest parts of the target area.
Water
Using low permeability soils in landfill liners is a guaranteed leachate control and prevents lea... more Using low permeability soils in landfill liners is a guaranteed leachate control and prevents leakage which causes environmental pollution. In this matter, the application of new technologies such as nano provides more capable filters that are used for reducing leachate pollutants and modifying the geotechnical properties of liners. The presented study attempted to conduct experimental research on nanoclay–nanofiber composite usage to control landfill liner permeability and observe its impact on the geotechnical characteristics of liners which provide a strong barrel for leachate leakage prevention and increase the liner durability for crack generations. In this regard, a total of 120 different geotechnical experiments were performed on mixed improved fine-grained soil samples which were categorized into four groups including nanoclay additives, nanofiber additives, nanocomposite additives, and control samples (without additives). According to the experimental results, permeability ...
Applied Sciences
Earth-dam failure starts with cracking in the clay core, and this cracking is not easy to detect ... more Earth-dam failure starts with cracking in the clay core, and this cracking is not easy to detect and prevent. Therefore, swellable clay is a feasible solution, which helps to close the cracks automatically based on the self-healing process. The presented study utilizes experimental procedures to analyze the swelling behavior of fine-grained clayey soils to prevent structural failure regarding crack generations. In this regard, the clayey materials were modified using Kaolin and Bentonite mixed with various weight percentages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5%) and extracted the geotechnical characteristics of the studied soils, which included 90 specimens and 85 tests, such as physical properties, consolidation, particle-size analysis, hydrometry, Atterberg limits, compaction, odometer, and pinhole. The experimental results revealed that the swelling of the Bentonite is more than Kaolin satisfied for self-healing features in clayey soils. Regarding the numerous swelling tests, Bentonit...
Occurred damages on the bridge piers during earthquakes lead to significant financial losses worl... more Occurred damages on the bridge piers during earthquakes lead to significant financial losses worldwide every year and can cause social problems by disrupting traffic flow and transportation services. Rocking isolation of foundations is one of the damage reduction approaches to avoid structural damage on piers by transferring plastic hinges from piers to underlaying soil media. However, the behavior of rocking foundations on sands and clays has been studied comprehensively in past years; the behavior of these foundations on non-plastic silts has not been investigated well in the literature. In this research, the characteristic seismic behavior of a bridge pier considering rocking isolation is evaluated using small-scale physical modeling tests. To this aim, eight shaking table tests are conducted where both sandy and silty material are employed as the soil media. In addition to the effects of the underlying soil, the effects of the critical contact area ratio of the foundation and fr...
Applied Sciences
The presented article provides a comprehensive study on the stability analysis of earth-fill dams... more The presented article provides a comprehensive study on the stability analysis of earth-fill dams under rapid drawdown and transient flow conditions used to prepare stability analysis charts by conducting coupled finite-element numerical and analytical limit equilibrium procedures. In this regard, the impacts of different rapid drawdown conditions on the safety factor of the Alavian earth-fill dam are determined. The slope stability charts present for both shallow and deep slip surfaces with various permeabilities are verified by ground information obtained with extensive instrumentation on the dam’s site. The results showed that by decreasing the permeability of the core’s material, despite preventing seepage, the instability risk of the upstream slope as a result of rapid drawdown intensifies. Also, as stability charts can be stated, with increasing the slip surface’s depth and decreasing the hydraulic hydration, the reliability decreases, and the sliding surfaces’ sensitivity inc...
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
The presented article provides a comprehensive review of rocking foundations and related works. T... more The presented article provides a comprehensive review of rocking foundations and related works. The purpose of review studies is to carefully recognize the related literature to evaluate a particular research question, substantive domain, theoretical approach, or methodology and, in this way, to provide readers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the research topic. In this paper, the viewpoint of significant geotechnical undertaking, methods, techniques and their disadvantages and restrictions are discussed. This assignment focuses on rocking foundation procedure as an important task with performing the high-rise loading platforms on buildings and bridges under seismic conditions with shallow foundations. Giving an introduction to the methodology, the theoretical foundations and background of studies in this field are expressed in this respect. The perspective of this approach is then explored based on the geotechnical aspects of rocking foundations.
Based on the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological formatio... more Based on the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological formations and are usually in contact with water. Because of these reasons, most of the constructed irrigation and drainage networks are subject to deformation and displacement due to problematic soils. One of these problematic beds is unsaturated expansive soil. The unreinforced trapezoidal canals are damaged when constructed on this type of soils. In the current paper, this phenomenon has been studied using field observations, experimental tests, and numerical modeling. In practice, a filter layer is used to reduce the soil swelling effects on canal lining in Tabriz plain project. For performance investigation of this layer, the amount of soil swelling and relative displacement of canal section panels are measured by recording of surveying points. This phenomenon is also modeled numerically. Using the obtained results, the swelling of the bed soil is calculated at different parts of the canal ...
Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 2012
Cracking of unreinforced concrete lining in irrigation and drainage trapezoidal canals is one of ... more Cracking of unreinforced concrete lining in irrigation and drainage trapezoidal canals is one of the main problems that geotechnical engineers confront in different projects. This phenomenon occurs when the canals are constructed on unsaturated expansive soils and the moisture of bed soil changes in several conditions such as impounding and discharge of canal in different sessions, climate changes and transpiration. In the current paper, this phenomenon has been studied numerically and a real canal cross-section is modeled in the software. In order to predict the interaction behaviour between unsaturated expansive soil and concrete lining of canals at different moisture conditions, the special unsaturated soil behaviour model was selected. The required input mechanical parameters used in the soil behaviour model have been obtained from various laboratory experiments. The results of analysis show the location of maximum deformation and the amount of internal stress concentration on the canal lining. Using these results, the locations of joints on the surface of concrete lining can be optimized to reduce the effects of destructive interaction forces.
Irrigation and Drainage, 2017
Because of the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological format... more Because of the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological formations and are usually in contact with water. For these reasons, most constructed irrigation and drainage networks are subject to deformation and displacement due to problematic soils. One of these problematic beds is unsaturated expansive soil. Unreinforced trapezoidal canals are damaged when constructed on these types of soils. In the present study, this phenomenon has been studied using field observations and numerical modelling. In practice, a filter layer is used to reduce soil swelling effects on the canal lining in the Tabriz plain project. To investigate the performance of this layer, the amount of soil swelling and relative displacement of the canal section panels are measured by recording of surveying points. This phenomenon is also modelled numerically. Using the results obtained, the swelling of the bed soil is calculated at different parts of the canal section with the filter and without it and the locations of maximum movements are determined. In order to predict the interaction behaviour between unsaturated expansive soil and concrete lining under different moisture conditions, a special constitutive unsaturated soil behaviour model has been selected in the software. The results of analysis show the location of maximum deformation and stress concentration on the canal section. Using these results, the effect of joint locations to reduce the destructive interaction force can be obtained. In addition, comparison between the results of numerical modelling and field data illustrates acceptable accuracy of the numerical modelling.
Geoenvironmental Disasters, Jun 26, 2023
Background Consolidation of clays could be a very time-consuming procedure. However, preloading c... more Background Consolidation of clays could be a very time-consuming procedure. However, preloading can increase the speed of consolidation; applying an electric field can accelerate this procedure significantly. The efficiency of the electroosmosis approach has been studied for different types of clays previously. At the same time, there is no information about the performance of the EO method for Tabriz gray clay. Methods This paper investigates the effects of the EO technology on Tabriz gray clay using a modified oedometer consolidation apparatus. The achieved results of the EO consolidation of the Gray clay of Tabriz are compared with the standard Kaolin clay (KC-which produced industrially). Three different electrodes (Iron, Copper, and Aluminum) are employed to study about effects of the electrode type, and two different voltages (12 V and 24 V) are applied to assess the impact of the input electric field on the settlement of samples. Results It is shown that the copper electrode leads to maximum volumetric strains while the iron electrode results in minimum volumetric strains. In addition, it is shown that the larger input voltage leads to larger settlements. The results indicate that the EO approach is more efficient for the Gray clay of Tabriz in comparison to the KC, where gray clay shows larger settlements while subjected to an electric field. Unconfined compression tests are also applied to some samples, and the EO method's influence on the samples' strength is discussed. Conclusions The achieved results demonstrated that the EO method can be efficiently used to improve the consolidation and strength properties of the gray clay of Tabriz. Highlights • Effects of the electro-osmosis (EO) method on the consolidation properties of the grey clay of Tabriz were investigated. • A modified oedometer apparatus was developed to assess efficiency of the EO method for gray clay of Tabriz. • EO induced settlements of the grey clay of Tabriz were compared with the settlements of Kaolin clay. • Effects of the different electrodes on the EO induced settlements were evaluated. • Effects of the EO on the unconfined strength of clays were investigated.
CRC Press eBooks, Dec 18, 2013
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering
Journal of Nanostructures, 2015
Classical xerogels are robust, inexpensive and nontoxic materials with low-ordered nanoporous str... more Classical xerogels are robust, inexpensive and nontoxic materials with low-ordered nanoporous structures. In water streams where the pH is higher than the Point of Zero Charge, the surface of classical xerogels such as tetraethoxy orthosilan (TEOS) xerogel is negatively charged. It was assumed that a xerogel can work as a strong adsorbent for metal ions without further modification. Therefore, the capability of TEOS xerogel for adsorption of two heavy metal ions, Pb2+ and Cd2+, from aqueous solution was studied. The batch experiments revealed that the adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity for Pb2+ (58.82 mg/g) and Cd2+ (35.71 mg/g) as compared with the reported low-cost adsorbents. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies were employed to explain the adsorption mechanism. It was concluded that the adsorption of both ions on TEOS xerogel obey chemisorption mechanism. However, the reaction of Pb2+ with the adsorbent is thermodynamic controlled and the one of Cd2+ is kinetic controlled. A...
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2014 (ICPMG2014), Perth, Australia, 14-17 January 2014, 2013
Geomechanics and Geoengineering, Jul 18, 2022
Computers and Geotechnics, 2010
... 2. Current practice in prediction of liquefaction occurrence. ... In this paper a new approac... more ... 2. Current practice in prediction of liquefaction occurrence. ... In this paper a new approach is proposed for the assessment of liquefaction potential of sands ... A database of 180 CPT basedliquefaction and non-liquefaction case histories, gathered from nine independent studies [7 ...
Soils and Rocks, 2021
Tabriz, as one of the most earthquake-prone cities in the Iran plateau, has experienced enormous ... more Tabriz, as one of the most earthquake-prone cities in the Iran plateau, has experienced enormous earthquakes that have even destroyed the city altogether. Considering this seismological background and the vicinity of Tabriz's northwestern fault, reducing the possible earthquake losses can be highly useful by scrutinizing the strong ground motion resulting from the fault activation. To this end, a stochastic finite-fault ground motion simulation (EXSIM) method was applied as an important means for predicting the ground motion near the epicenter of the earthquake. EXSIM is an open-source stochastic finite-fault simulation algorithm that generates the time-series of the earthquake's ground motion. Based on the findings, the peak horizontal acceleration reached 0.83 g in the northern parts by creating artificial accelerograms and Tabriz's seismic zonation. In comparison, it reduced by 0.48 g by departing from the fault in the city's southern parts. Additionally, providing a seismic zonation map in Tabriz revealed that stopping the construction in the north parts while extending the settlement construction to the south part of the city are considered vital and unavoidable. Also, by applying the magnification and effects of the soil layers above the bedrock, it was further found that the existence of the loose layer with low strength and compaction intensify the application of seismic acceleration on the near-surface structures in the central, west, and southwest parts of the target area.
Water
Using low permeability soils in landfill liners is a guaranteed leachate control and prevents lea... more Using low permeability soils in landfill liners is a guaranteed leachate control and prevents leakage which causes environmental pollution. In this matter, the application of new technologies such as nano provides more capable filters that are used for reducing leachate pollutants and modifying the geotechnical properties of liners. The presented study attempted to conduct experimental research on nanoclay–nanofiber composite usage to control landfill liner permeability and observe its impact on the geotechnical characteristics of liners which provide a strong barrel for leachate leakage prevention and increase the liner durability for crack generations. In this regard, a total of 120 different geotechnical experiments were performed on mixed improved fine-grained soil samples which were categorized into four groups including nanoclay additives, nanofiber additives, nanocomposite additives, and control samples (without additives). According to the experimental results, permeability ...
Applied Sciences
Earth-dam failure starts with cracking in the clay core, and this cracking is not easy to detect ... more Earth-dam failure starts with cracking in the clay core, and this cracking is not easy to detect and prevent. Therefore, swellable clay is a feasible solution, which helps to close the cracks automatically based on the self-healing process. The presented study utilizes experimental procedures to analyze the swelling behavior of fine-grained clayey soils to prevent structural failure regarding crack generations. In this regard, the clayey materials were modified using Kaolin and Bentonite mixed with various weight percentages (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5%) and extracted the geotechnical characteristics of the studied soils, which included 90 specimens and 85 tests, such as physical properties, consolidation, particle-size analysis, hydrometry, Atterberg limits, compaction, odometer, and pinhole. The experimental results revealed that the swelling of the Bentonite is more than Kaolin satisfied for self-healing features in clayey soils. Regarding the numerous swelling tests, Bentonit...
Occurred damages on the bridge piers during earthquakes lead to significant financial losses worl... more Occurred damages on the bridge piers during earthquakes lead to significant financial losses worldwide every year and can cause social problems by disrupting traffic flow and transportation services. Rocking isolation of foundations is one of the damage reduction approaches to avoid structural damage on piers by transferring plastic hinges from piers to underlaying soil media. However, the behavior of rocking foundations on sands and clays has been studied comprehensively in past years; the behavior of these foundations on non-plastic silts has not been investigated well in the literature. In this research, the characteristic seismic behavior of a bridge pier considering rocking isolation is evaluated using small-scale physical modeling tests. To this aim, eight shaking table tests are conducted where both sandy and silty material are employed as the soil media. In addition to the effects of the underlying soil, the effects of the critical contact area ratio of the foundation and fr...
Applied Sciences
The presented article provides a comprehensive study on the stability analysis of earth-fill dams... more The presented article provides a comprehensive study on the stability analysis of earth-fill dams under rapid drawdown and transient flow conditions used to prepare stability analysis charts by conducting coupled finite-element numerical and analytical limit equilibrium procedures. In this regard, the impacts of different rapid drawdown conditions on the safety factor of the Alavian earth-fill dam are determined. The slope stability charts present for both shallow and deep slip surfaces with various permeabilities are verified by ground information obtained with extensive instrumentation on the dam’s site. The results showed that by decreasing the permeability of the core’s material, despite preventing seepage, the instability risk of the upstream slope as a result of rapid drawdown intensifies. Also, as stability charts can be stated, with increasing the slip surface’s depth and decreasing the hydraulic hydration, the reliability decreases, and the sliding surfaces’ sensitivity inc...
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering
The presented article provides a comprehensive review of rocking foundations and related works. T... more The presented article provides a comprehensive review of rocking foundations and related works. The purpose of review studies is to carefully recognize the related literature to evaluate a particular research question, substantive domain, theoretical approach, or methodology and, in this way, to provide readers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the research topic. In this paper, the viewpoint of significant geotechnical undertaking, methods, techniques and their disadvantages and restrictions are discussed. This assignment focuses on rocking foundation procedure as an important task with performing the high-rise loading platforms on buildings and bridges under seismic conditions with shallow foundations. Giving an introduction to the methodology, the theoretical foundations and background of studies in this field are expressed in this respect. The perspective of this approach is then explored based on the geotechnical aspects of rocking foundations.
Based on the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological formatio... more Based on the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological formations and are usually in contact with water. Because of these reasons, most of the constructed irrigation and drainage networks are subject to deformation and displacement due to problematic soils. One of these problematic beds is unsaturated expansive soil. The unreinforced trapezoidal canals are damaged when constructed on this type of soils. In the current paper, this phenomenon has been studied using field observations, experimental tests, and numerical modeling. In practice, a filter layer is used to reduce the soil swelling effects on canal lining in Tabriz plain project. For performance investigation of this layer, the amount of soil swelling and relative displacement of canal section panels are measured by recording of surveying points. This phenomenon is also modeled numerically. Using the obtained results, the swelling of the bed soil is calculated at different parts of the canal ...
Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 2012
Cracking of unreinforced concrete lining in irrigation and drainage trapezoidal canals is one of ... more Cracking of unreinforced concrete lining in irrigation and drainage trapezoidal canals is one of the main problems that geotechnical engineers confront in different projects. This phenomenon occurs when the canals are constructed on unsaturated expansive soils and the moisture of bed soil changes in several conditions such as impounding and discharge of canal in different sessions, climate changes and transpiration. In the current paper, this phenomenon has been studied numerically and a real canal cross-section is modeled in the software. In order to predict the interaction behaviour between unsaturated expansive soil and concrete lining of canals at different moisture conditions, the special unsaturated soil behaviour model was selected. The required input mechanical parameters used in the soil behaviour model have been obtained from various laboratory experiments. The results of analysis show the location of maximum deformation and the amount of internal stress concentration on the canal lining. Using these results, the locations of joints on the surface of concrete lining can be optimized to reduce the effects of destructive interaction forces.
Irrigation and Drainage, 2017
Because of the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological format... more Because of the linear nature of water conveyance projects, they include various geological formations and are usually in contact with water. For these reasons, most constructed irrigation and drainage networks are subject to deformation and displacement due to problematic soils. One of these problematic beds is unsaturated expansive soil. Unreinforced trapezoidal canals are damaged when constructed on these types of soils. In the present study, this phenomenon has been studied using field observations and numerical modelling. In practice, a filter layer is used to reduce soil swelling effects on the canal lining in the Tabriz plain project. To investigate the performance of this layer, the amount of soil swelling and relative displacement of the canal section panels are measured by recording of surveying points. This phenomenon is also modelled numerically. Using the results obtained, the swelling of the bed soil is calculated at different parts of the canal section with the filter and without it and the locations of maximum movements are determined. In order to predict the interaction behaviour between unsaturated expansive soil and concrete lining under different moisture conditions, a special constitutive unsaturated soil behaviour model has been selected in the software. The results of analysis show the location of maximum deformation and stress concentration on the canal section. Using these results, the effect of joint locations to reduce the destructive interaction force can be obtained. In addition, comparison between the results of numerical modelling and field data illustrates acceptable accuracy of the numerical modelling.