Farqad Hamdan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Farqad Hamdan

Neurological Sciences and Neurophysiology, 2020

Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by progress... more Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by progressive or relapsing motor or sensory symptoms, with variants differing in the relative distribution of these symptoms and electrophysiologic findings. We aimed to correlate the electrodiagnostic patterns of demyelination using Hughes Functional Grading Scale in patients with CIDP. Methods: A case–control study was conducted at the neurophysiology department of Al-Imamian Al-Kadhymian Medical city and Nursing Home Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad from December 2017 to June 2018. Fifteen patients with CIDP aged 30–60 years with disease duration between 6 months and 2 years and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. The participants were submitted to medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrophysiologic tests. Results: Patients with CIDP demonstrated prolonged distal sensory and motor latencies, decreased sensory nerve action potential amplitude, slowing of sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity, and prolonged mean F-wave latency. The majority showed absent sural sensory responses. Significant relationships were demonstrated between the Hughes Functional Grading Scale and different neurophysiologic parameters, and no correlation was found with the terminal latency index. Conclusions: Patients with high Hughes functional scoring also have severe abnormalities in motor parameters, usually in the range of demyelination. The involvement of nerve segments was multifocal affecting mostly the proximal and intermediate nerve segments; the terminal segments were involved to a lesser extent.

Iraqi Journal of Hematology, 2020

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombos... more BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in polycythemia vera (PV) as it triggers in vivo activation of platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, which are all of major importance during thrombus formation. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the pathophysiology behind increased thrombosis in PV in terms of the effect of JAK2V617F gene mutation copies in relation to the intensity of the heat.shock proteins 70 (HSPs70) and long pentraxins.3 (PTX.3). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with PV, 23 with secondary polycythemia, and thirty healthy volunteers were studied. Hemoglobin level, packed-cell volume, white and red blood cells count, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet counts were estimated. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the HSP70 and PTX-3 levels, whereas the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique for the assessment of the JAK2 mutation rate was done for only thirty PV patients. RESULTS: Significantly higher HSP70 and PTX-3 levels were detected in PV patients. A positive relationship was demonstrated between the JAK2 mutation rate and each of HSP70 and PTX-3 and between the latter two biomarkers. CONCLUSION: The elevated HSP70 and PTX-3 concentrations and the clear relationship between them and JAK2 mutation rate can drive the procoagulant activity in blood cells in patients with PV. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the pathophysiology behind increased thrombosis in PV in terms of the effect of JAK2V617F gene mutation copies in relation to the intensity of the heat-shock proteins 70 (HSPs70) and long pentraxins-3 (PTX-3).

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of uncertain ... more Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of uncertain etiology with strong genetic background. Insulin resistance is present in the majority of PCOS cases with linkage and association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of insulin receptor (INSR) gene and PCOS. Objective: To examine whether the exon 17 of INSR gene contributes to genetic susceptibility to PCOS in Iraqi women and its effects on glucose tolerance test and lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five healthy Iraqi women and eighty-four infertile women with PCOS, divided into two subgroups depending on the BMI were studied. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) analysis was performed to determine the genotypes for the His 1058 C/T polymorphism at the tyrosine kinase domain in the INSR gene. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were also estimated. Results: The C/T polymorphism at His 1058 in exon 17 of INSR was associated with PCOS (obese and non-obese). CC genotype frequency was higher in PCOS patients whereas TT genotype was higher in control women. Those with CC genotype had higher BMI, GTT and lipid profile than those with TT genotype. Conclusion: An association of C/T polymorphism at His1058 of INSR with PCOS in Iraqi women was observed. Its association with indices of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were also noticed.

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 2021

Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are frequently present in people with epilepsy... more Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are frequently present in people with epilepsy (PwE). They are generally more prominent when they originate from the temporal lobe. We aim to investigate the alterations of autonomic functions during the interictal period in patient with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) using heart-based tests, blood pressure (BP)-based tests and sympathetic skin response (SSR). Forty-eight PwE with disease duration ranging from 2 to 15 years and 51 healthy individuals were studied. Long-term electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, the heart rate variability (HRV) during normal breathing, deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and standing, BP responses during standing, to isometric hand grip and to mental arithmetic, and the SSR was recorded for all participants. Results 31 patients with TLE and 17 with IGE showed lower RR-IV values during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and standing, but not during rest, impaire...

Iraqi journal of medical sciences, 2014

Background Studying some of fertility-related hormones is of major benefit to identify the causat... more Background Studying some of fertility-related hormones is of major benefit to identify the causative factors and to search for an appropriate treatment. Anti-müllerian hormone regarded as quantitative markers for ovarian reserve. Basal follicular stimulating hormone provides a picture of how well the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis is functioning and is the most commonly used tests for predicting success in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. Objective To evaluate the level of serum and follicular fluid antimüllerian hormone, serum follicular stimulating hormone and antral follicle count and its relation to ICSI outcome in infertile patients. Methods Seventy four infertile women were selected randomly from those attending the Fertility Centre, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Al-Najaf /Iraq. Ultrasound was performed for antral follicle count and their measurement at cycle day 2. Hormonal analysis is done for serum follicular stimulating hormone at cycle day 2 and for se...

Background Urodynamics provide objective pathophysiological explanations for symptoms and/or dysf... more Background Urodynamics provide objective pathophysiological explanations for symptoms and/or dysfunction of the lower urinary tracts. It reproduce patient symptoms during the performance of the study and assist clinicians in determining the precise cause, aid in diagnostic process and follow up of patients with urinary incontinence. Objective To evaluate the role of urodynamic study in confirming the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in Iraqi women. Differentiate the types of urinary incontinence and assess the importance of risk factors in its development. Methods This study was performed in the Urology Department, Al-Sader Medical City, Holly Najaf between March 2013 and March 2014. One hundred and twenty female subjects aged 20 to 60 years were studied. They comprised 60 patients and 60 control subjects. Medical history, clinical examination and urodynamic tests were performed for them. Result Thirty four patients presented with stress urinary incontinence, nineteen with urge typ...

Introduction Motor neuron loss is the primary pathologic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis... more Introduction Motor neuron loss is the primary pathologic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An estimate of the number of surviving motor units (MUs) represents a direct measure of the disease state in ALS. The objective of the study is to compare MU number estimation (MUNE) using the multipoint stimulation method (MPS) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) amplitude in patients with ALS. Methods Twenty-eight patients with ALS with a disease duration of 3–48 months were studied. Nerve conduction study of the median, ulnar, tibial, common peroneal, and sural nerves were done. Besides, electromyography (EMG) of cranio-bulbar, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral muscles, and MPS-MUNE. Results MUNE is decreased in patients with ALS. MUNE was positively correlated with CMAP amplitude, medical research council (MRC) scale, and ALS functional rating scale (ALS-FRS). On the contrary, MUNE was negatively correlated with MUAP duration. Case detection by the MUNE methods was ...

Indian Journal of Rheumatology, 2021

Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain, depression, fatigue, and sl... more Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Different hypotheses have emerged about its pathogenesis, but central sensitization, which plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain, is considered to be the main mechanism. We aim to compare patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls with different electrodiagnostic testing, and if present, to corroborate whether there is any relationship between electrodiagnostic measures. Also, we sought to test the diagnostic value of some of these measures. Methods: A case-control study of thirty-one patients with fibromyalgia with a duration of illness ranging from 5 months to 10 years were recruited for the study. Full medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrodiagnostic tests of the upper and lower extremity including nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, sympathetic skin response, cutaneous silent period and muscle fiber conduction velocity. Results: Sympathetic skin response latency and cutaneous silent period latency were not different between the patients and the control group. Cutaneous silent period duration was prolonged and the muscle fiber conduction velocity is faster in the subjects with fibromyalgia. The latter measures have similar diagnostic value. Sex has no significant impact on electrodiagnostic measures and the latter not correlated with patients' age. Conclusion: A central sensitization and concomitant deregulation of the efferent higher motor centers might be implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of fibromyalgia.

Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020

Background: The underlying pathology of the vast majority of diabetic polyneuropathies is axonal ... more Background: The underlying pathology of the vast majority of diabetic polyneuropathies is axonal degeneration. F wave study is one of the most sensitive indices of the severity of neuropathy. Objective: To test the validity of different F wave parameters including F minimum latency, F wave index and F Jitter in the diagnosis of diabetic axonal peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Eighty type 2 diabetics aged 52.57±5.62 years with disease duration of 1 to 18 years and 90 aged-matched healthy volunteers serve as the control group. Both groups were submitted to medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrophysiological tests of both upper and lower limbs. Results: Tibial and ulnar F wave latencies were significantly prolonged in diabetic patients (p < 0.001). Tibial F index for male patients shows significantly lower value as compared to the control group. Ulnar F wave latency was 76.7% sensitive and 89.3% specific in female patients while tibial F wave latency was 80% ...

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2020

Studies have shown a direct association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and diabetic ... more Studies have shown a direct association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and diabetic neuropathies. As such, ACE gene polymorphisms could be a risk factor for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with diabetes. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the development of CAN in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a cross-sectional study that included 142 patients with T2DM comprising 62 males and 80 females, and 100 volunteers served as a healthy control group. Cardiac autonomic functions were tested using four standard Ewing’s noninvasive tests. Blood samples were taken for genetic evaluation of an ACE gene I/D polymorphism. Analyzing ACE gene polymorphism revealed that the D allele was far more frequent among patients with diabetes than healthy control subjects (76.07% vs. 62.67%). The frequency of I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes in patients with diabetes was 8.55%, 30.77%, and 60.6...

Iraqi Journal of Hematology

BACKGROUND: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative stem cell disease usually comb... more BACKGROUND: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative stem cell disease usually combined with JAK2 mutation. Active JAK2 mutation directly promote platelets and granulocytes activation and indirectly initiate endothelial activation. Such interactions can provoke endothelial injury with subsequent release of procoagulant factors. The aim of this study was to understand of this study is to understand the pathophysiology of increased thrombosis in PV in terms of the effect of JAK2V617F gene mutation in relation to the intensity of the neutrophil CD11b and platelet CD62P. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 53 patients was examined comprised 30 PV patients and 23 with secondary polycythemia. In parallel, 30 aged- and sex-matched, nonsmokers healthy volunteers served as a control group. Hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, white and red blood cells count, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet count were estimated for all the 83 participants. Flow cytometry for the detection of neutrophil CD11b and platelet CD62P were done for all the participants; whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for the assessment of JAK2 mutation rate was done for the 30 PV patients only. RESULTS: We were able to detect significantly higher neutrophil CD11b and platelet CD62P expressions in PV patients. Within PV, JAK2 mutation rate was significantly higher in those with a history of thrombosis. A positive relationship was demonstrated between the JAK2 mutation rate and each of CD11b and CD62P. CONCLUSION: There is an overexpression of neutrophil CD11b and platelets CD62P in patients with PV which can be considered as a marker of procoagulant activity in blood cells. Active JAK2 mutation directly promote platelets and granulocytes activation and indirectly initiate endothelial activation and in turn endothelium into a proadhesive and procoagulant surface.

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background About 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI... more Background About 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI) throughout their life. We aim to study the influence of MS on cognitive changes. This is a case–control study of fifty patients with MS who met the revised 2017 Mc Donald Criteria and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess the degree of disability, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scoring system was used to assess cognitive function. Results MS patients show low total MoCA score than the controls. Total MoCA scores were lower in patients with CI versus those with intact cognition. CI was higher in those with a longer duration of illness and a high EDSS. MoCA was positively correlated with education level but negatively with EDSS and disease duration. Conclusion MoCA scale has optimal psychometric properties for routine clinical use in patients with MS, even in those with mild functional disability. The lon...

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small ta... more Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small targeted region of the brain via electromagnetic induction and used diagnostically to measure the connection between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscle to evaluate the damage that occurs in MS. Objectives The study aims to investigate whether single-pulse TMS measures differ between patients with MS and healthy controls and to consider if these measures are associated with clinical disability. Patients and methods Single-pulse TMS was performed in 26 patients with MS who hand an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0 and 9.5 and in 26 normal subjects. Different TMS parameters from upper and lower limbs were investigated. Results TMS disclosed no difference in all MEP parameters between the right and left side of the upper and lower limbs in patients with MS and controls. In all patients, TMS parameters were different from the control group. Upper limb cen...

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Introduction There are large numbers of inflammatory molecules and humoral mediators that can be ... more Introduction There are large numbers of inflammatory molecules and humoral mediators that can be involved in the epileptogenesis such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We aimed to evaluate serum levels and the diagnostic value of MMP-2 and HMGB1 in Iraqi patients with epilepsy. Methods One hundred epileptic patients comprised 60 controlled epileptics and 40 refractory patients to treatment with multi antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Other 50 family-unrelated age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were selected to represent the control group. Serum levels of MMP-2 and HMGB1 were estimated using ELISA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers when required. Results MMP-2 level was significantly higher in controls than epileptic patients in general (controlled and refractory patients). ROC curve, showed poor diagnostic value of MMP-2 in discriminating epileptics into respon...

Molecular Biology Reports

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research

Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, wh... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Neurological Sciences and Neurophysiology, 2020

Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by progress... more Background: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is characterized by progressive or relapsing motor or sensory symptoms, with variants differing in the relative distribution of these symptoms and electrophysiologic findings. We aimed to correlate the electrodiagnostic patterns of demyelination using Hughes Functional Grading Scale in patients with CIDP. Methods: A case–control study was conducted at the neurophysiology department of Al-Imamian Al-Kadhymian Medical city and Nursing Home Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad from December 2017 to June 2018. Fifteen patients with CIDP aged 30–60 years with disease duration between 6 months and 2 years and 20 age-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in the study. The participants were submitted to medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrophysiologic tests. Results: Patients with CIDP demonstrated prolonged distal sensory and motor latencies, decreased sensory nerve action potential amplitude, slowing of sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity, and prolonged mean F-wave latency. The majority showed absent sural sensory responses. Significant relationships were demonstrated between the Hughes Functional Grading Scale and different neurophysiologic parameters, and no correlation was found with the terminal latency index. Conclusions: Patients with high Hughes functional scoring also have severe abnormalities in motor parameters, usually in the range of demyelination. The involvement of nerve segments was multifocal affecting mostly the proximal and intermediate nerve segments; the terminal segments were involved to a lesser extent.

Iraqi Journal of Hematology, 2020

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombos... more BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in polycythemia vera (PV) as it triggers in vivo activation of platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, which are all of major importance during thrombus formation. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the pathophysiology behind increased thrombosis in PV in terms of the effect of JAK2V617F gene mutation copies in relation to the intensity of the heat.shock proteins 70 (HSPs70) and long pentraxins.3 (PTX.3). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with PV, 23 with secondary polycythemia, and thirty healthy volunteers were studied. Hemoglobin level, packed-cell volume, white and red blood cells count, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet counts were estimated. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the HSP70 and PTX-3 levels, whereas the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique for the assessment of the JAK2 mutation rate was done for only thirty PV patients. RESULTS: Significantly higher HSP70 and PTX-3 levels were detected in PV patients. A positive relationship was demonstrated between the JAK2 mutation rate and each of HSP70 and PTX-3 and between the latter two biomarkers. CONCLUSION: The elevated HSP70 and PTX-3 concentrations and the clear relationship between them and JAK2 mutation rate can drive the procoagulant activity in blood cells in patients with PV. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the pathophysiology behind increased thrombosis in PV in terms of the effect of JAK2V617F gene mutation copies in relation to the intensity of the heat-shock proteins 70 (HSPs70) and long pentraxins-3 (PTX-3).

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of uncertain ... more Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder of uncertain etiology with strong genetic background. Insulin resistance is present in the majority of PCOS cases with linkage and association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of insulin receptor (INSR) gene and PCOS. Objective: To examine whether the exon 17 of INSR gene contributes to genetic susceptibility to PCOS in Iraqi women and its effects on glucose tolerance test and lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five healthy Iraqi women and eighty-four infertile women with PCOS, divided into two subgroups depending on the BMI were studied. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) analysis was performed to determine the genotypes for the His 1058 C/T polymorphism at the tyrosine kinase domain in the INSR gene. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were also estimated. Results: The C/T polymorphism at His 1058 in exon 17 of INSR was associated with PCOS (obese and non-obese). CC genotype frequency was higher in PCOS patients whereas TT genotype was higher in control women. Those with CC genotype had higher BMI, GTT and lipid profile than those with TT genotype. Conclusion: An association of C/T polymorphism at His1058 of INSR with PCOS in Iraqi women was observed. Its association with indices of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia were also noticed.

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 2021

Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are frequently present in people with epilepsy... more Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms are frequently present in people with epilepsy (PwE). They are generally more prominent when they originate from the temporal lobe. We aim to investigate the alterations of autonomic functions during the interictal period in patient with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) using heart-based tests, blood pressure (BP)-based tests and sympathetic skin response (SSR). Forty-eight PwE with disease duration ranging from 2 to 15 years and 51 healthy individuals were studied. Long-term electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, the heart rate variability (HRV) during normal breathing, deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and standing, BP responses during standing, to isometric hand grip and to mental arithmetic, and the SSR was recorded for all participants. Results 31 patients with TLE and 17 with IGE showed lower RR-IV values during deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver and standing, but not during rest, impaire...

Iraqi journal of medical sciences, 2014

Background Studying some of fertility-related hormones is of major benefit to identify the causat... more Background Studying some of fertility-related hormones is of major benefit to identify the causative factors and to search for an appropriate treatment. Anti-müllerian hormone regarded as quantitative markers for ovarian reserve. Basal follicular stimulating hormone provides a picture of how well the hypothalamicpituitary-gonadal axis is functioning and is the most commonly used tests for predicting success in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment. Objective To evaluate the level of serum and follicular fluid antimüllerian hormone, serum follicular stimulating hormone and antral follicle count and its relation to ICSI outcome in infertile patients. Methods Seventy four infertile women were selected randomly from those attending the Fertility Centre, Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Al-Najaf /Iraq. Ultrasound was performed for antral follicle count and their measurement at cycle day 2. Hormonal analysis is done for serum follicular stimulating hormone at cycle day 2 and for se...

Background Urodynamics provide objective pathophysiological explanations for symptoms and/or dysf... more Background Urodynamics provide objective pathophysiological explanations for symptoms and/or dysfunction of the lower urinary tracts. It reproduce patient symptoms during the performance of the study and assist clinicians in determining the precise cause, aid in diagnostic process and follow up of patients with urinary incontinence. Objective To evaluate the role of urodynamic study in confirming the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in Iraqi women. Differentiate the types of urinary incontinence and assess the importance of risk factors in its development. Methods This study was performed in the Urology Department, Al-Sader Medical City, Holly Najaf between March 2013 and March 2014. One hundred and twenty female subjects aged 20 to 60 years were studied. They comprised 60 patients and 60 control subjects. Medical history, clinical examination and urodynamic tests were performed for them. Result Thirty four patients presented with stress urinary incontinence, nineteen with urge typ...

Introduction Motor neuron loss is the primary pathologic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis... more Introduction Motor neuron loss is the primary pathologic feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An estimate of the number of surviving motor units (MUs) represents a direct measure of the disease state in ALS. The objective of the study is to compare MU number estimation (MUNE) using the multipoint stimulation method (MPS) and compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) amplitude in patients with ALS. Methods Twenty-eight patients with ALS with a disease duration of 3–48 months were studied. Nerve conduction study of the median, ulnar, tibial, common peroneal, and sural nerves were done. Besides, electromyography (EMG) of cranio-bulbar, cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral muscles, and MPS-MUNE. Results MUNE is decreased in patients with ALS. MUNE was positively correlated with CMAP amplitude, medical research council (MRC) scale, and ALS functional rating scale (ALS-FRS). On the contrary, MUNE was negatively correlated with MUAP duration. Case detection by the MUNE methods was ...

Indian Journal of Rheumatology, 2021

Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain, depression, fatigue, and sl... more Background: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic pain, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. Different hypotheses have emerged about its pathogenesis, but central sensitization, which plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain, is considered to be the main mechanism. We aim to compare patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls with different electrodiagnostic testing, and if present, to corroborate whether there is any relationship between electrodiagnostic measures. Also, we sought to test the diagnostic value of some of these measures. Methods: A case-control study of thirty-one patients with fibromyalgia with a duration of illness ranging from 5 months to 10 years were recruited for the study. Full medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrodiagnostic tests of the upper and lower extremity including nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, sympathetic skin response, cutaneous silent period and muscle fiber conduction velocity. Results: Sympathetic skin response latency and cutaneous silent period latency were not different between the patients and the control group. Cutaneous silent period duration was prolonged and the muscle fiber conduction velocity is faster in the subjects with fibromyalgia. The latter measures have similar diagnostic value. Sex has no significant impact on electrodiagnostic measures and the latter not correlated with patients' age. Conclusion: A central sensitization and concomitant deregulation of the efferent higher motor centers might be implicated in the pathogenic mechanism of fibromyalgia.

Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020

Background: The underlying pathology of the vast majority of diabetic polyneuropathies is axonal ... more Background: The underlying pathology of the vast majority of diabetic polyneuropathies is axonal degeneration. F wave study is one of the most sensitive indices of the severity of neuropathy. Objective: To test the validity of different F wave parameters including F minimum latency, F wave index and F Jitter in the diagnosis of diabetic axonal peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Eighty type 2 diabetics aged 52.57±5.62 years with disease duration of 1 to 18 years and 90 aged-matched healthy volunteers serve as the control group. Both groups were submitted to medical history, clinical neurological examination, and electrophysiological tests of both upper and lower limbs. Results: Tibial and ulnar F wave latencies were significantly prolonged in diabetic patients (p < 0.001). Tibial F index for male patients shows significantly lower value as compared to the control group. Ulnar F wave latency was 76.7% sensitive and 89.3% specific in female patients while tibial F wave latency was 80% ...

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics, 2020

Studies have shown a direct association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and diabetic ... more Studies have shown a direct association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and diabetic neuropathies. As such, ACE gene polymorphisms could be a risk factor for cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with diabetes. The objective of our study was to investigate the association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with the development of CAN in Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a cross-sectional study that included 142 patients with T2DM comprising 62 males and 80 females, and 100 volunteers served as a healthy control group. Cardiac autonomic functions were tested using four standard Ewing’s noninvasive tests. Blood samples were taken for genetic evaluation of an ACE gene I/D polymorphism. Analyzing ACE gene polymorphism revealed that the D allele was far more frequent among patients with diabetes than healthy control subjects (76.07% vs. 62.67%). The frequency of I/I, I/D, and D/D genotypes in patients with diabetes was 8.55%, 30.77%, and 60.6...

Iraqi Journal of Hematology

BACKGROUND: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative stem cell disease usually comb... more BACKGROUND: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative stem cell disease usually combined with JAK2 mutation. Active JAK2 mutation directly promote platelets and granulocytes activation and indirectly initiate endothelial activation. Such interactions can provoke endothelial injury with subsequent release of procoagulant factors. The aim of this study was to understand of this study is to understand the pathophysiology of increased thrombosis in PV in terms of the effect of JAK2V617F gene mutation in relation to the intensity of the neutrophil CD11b and platelet CD62P. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 53 patients was examined comprised 30 PV patients and 23 with secondary polycythemia. In parallel, 30 aged- and sex-matched, nonsmokers healthy volunteers served as a control group. Hemoglobin level, packed cell volume, white and red blood cells count, mean corpuscular volume, and platelet count were estimated for all the 83 participants. Flow cytometry for the detection of neutrophil CD11b and platelet CD62P were done for all the participants; whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique for the assessment of JAK2 mutation rate was done for the 30 PV patients only. RESULTS: We were able to detect significantly higher neutrophil CD11b and platelet CD62P expressions in PV patients. Within PV, JAK2 mutation rate was significantly higher in those with a history of thrombosis. A positive relationship was demonstrated between the JAK2 mutation rate and each of CD11b and CD62P. CONCLUSION: There is an overexpression of neutrophil CD11b and platelets CD62P in patients with PV which can be considered as a marker of procoagulant activity in blood cells. Active JAK2 mutation directly promote platelets and granulocytes activation and indirectly initiate endothelial activation and in turn endothelium into a proadhesive and procoagulant surface.

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background About 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI... more Background About 40–70% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) develop cognitive impairment (CI) throughout their life. We aim to study the influence of MS on cognitive changes. This is a case–control study of fifty patients with MS who met the revised 2017 Mc Donald Criteria and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess the degree of disability, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scoring system was used to assess cognitive function. Results MS patients show low total MoCA score than the controls. Total MoCA scores were lower in patients with CI versus those with intact cognition. CI was higher in those with a longer duration of illness and a high EDSS. MoCA was positively correlated with education level but negatively with EDSS and disease duration. Conclusion MoCA scale has optimal psychometric properties for routine clinical use in patients with MS, even in those with mild functional disability. The lon...

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small ta... more Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small targeted region of the brain via electromagnetic induction and used diagnostically to measure the connection between the central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal muscle to evaluate the damage that occurs in MS. Objectives The study aims to investigate whether single-pulse TMS measures differ between patients with MS and healthy controls and to consider if these measures are associated with clinical disability. Patients and methods Single-pulse TMS was performed in 26 patients with MS who hand an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score between 0 and 9.5 and in 26 normal subjects. Different TMS parameters from upper and lower limbs were investigated. Results TMS disclosed no difference in all MEP parameters between the right and left side of the upper and lower limbs in patients with MS and controls. In all patients, TMS parameters were different from the control group. Upper limb cen...

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Introduction There are large numbers of inflammatory molecules and humoral mediators that can be ... more Introduction There are large numbers of inflammatory molecules and humoral mediators that can be involved in the epileptogenesis such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We aimed to evaluate serum levels and the diagnostic value of MMP-2 and HMGB1 in Iraqi patients with epilepsy. Methods One hundred epileptic patients comprised 60 controlled epileptics and 40 refractory patients to treatment with multi antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Other 50 family-unrelated age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were selected to represent the control group. Serum levels of MMP-2 and HMGB1 were estimated using ELISA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these markers when required. Results MMP-2 level was significantly higher in controls than epileptic patients in general (controlled and refractory patients). ROC curve, showed poor diagnostic value of MMP-2 in discriminating epileptics into respon...

Molecular Biology Reports

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research

Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, wh... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.