Ghulam Fatima - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ghulam Fatima

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern of Smoking in Medical Students

Background: To assess the frequency and pattern of smoking in medical students. Methods: The stud... more Background: To assess the frequency and pattern of smoking in medical students. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 975 medical students , in whom 299(30.7%) were males and rest 676(69.3%) were females. Data was collected on self administered questionnaire ensuring anonymity. The Proforma recorded age, gender, smoking or otherwise, parental and peer smoking. Results: Twenty four percent subjects smoked at least once, of which 57.7% were males and 42.3% were females. There was a higher incidence of initiation of smoking in the age groups between 16 to 20 years. Factors which influence smoking include peer smokers (41.16%) and parental(9.24%) smoking. Conclusion: Different factors which influence smoking habits need further evaluation so as to effectively control smoking.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Severity of Anxiety and Depression in Covid-19 Patients Admitted to Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals Rawalpindi Pakistan

clinical psychology, COVID 19

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the COVID-19 infected pati... more Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the COVID-19 infected patients. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals Covid designated wards from 1 st April 2019 and 30 th June 2020 Methodology: Hundred patients of either gender presented with Covid-19 infection were enrolled. Detailed demographics and complete medical examination was done after taking informed written consent. Those patients who fulfil the clinical criteria Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAMA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD) were applied to assess the severity of anxiety and/or depression. Results: There were 69 (69%) males and 31 (31%) females. Eighty two (82%) patients fall in the age range of 21 to 50 years with the mean of 38 years. There is high level of anxiety as well as depression among admitted patients suffering from COVID-19. Seventy five (75%) patients suffered from depression and 72 (72%) of patients suffered from anxiety ranging from mild to severe. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients suffering from Covid-19 disease had high prevalence of depression and anxiety.

Research paper thumbnail of A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help for depression in Pakistan

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014

Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for ... more Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for treating depression and anxiety. There is some evidence to suggest that CBT needs to be culturally adapted for it to be effective in non-Western cultures. CBT is not widely used in low and middle income countries and there is a need to test its effectiveness in different settings and formats, including self-help. Methods: We describe a RCT of a Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help manual in Pakistan. The trial was conducted in psychiatry departments in three cities. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks, using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Bradford somatic Inventory and brief disability Questionnaire. Results: At the end of the trial CaCBT based self-help was found to be effective against care as usual in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as somatic symptoms and disability. Limitations: This study was conducted only in secondary care and required either patient or a carer to be able to read and write. Conclusions: This is the first study outside West of a CBT based self-help intervention for depression. This study highlights the importance of using cost effective interventions in developing world in low intensity formats. Future studies should focus on trying these resources in different settings, like primary care, and with the use of audio/video or multimedia resources to improve compliance in patients with lower literacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of patient satisfaction with mental health services in a tertiary care setting

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Patients' opinion regarding services has acquired great importance. Patient satisfaction is p... more Patients' opinion regarding services has acquired great importance. Patient satisfaction is playing an increasingly important role in quality of care reforms and health-care delivery. The study aimed to measure patient satisfaction in a tertiary care hospital in order to know the patients' perspectives and expectations of the services and make appropriate improvements accordingly. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Out-patient and Inpatient Departments of the Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, for a period of 8 months from October 2008 till June 2009. Sample size was 246 patients; which included 123 participants from Out-patient and In-patient departments each. Patients aged 18 and above, of both genders, who gave informed written consent, were consecutively recruited for the study. Learning disabled patients, frankly psychotic and those with severe cognitive impairment and severe co-morbid physical illnesses were excluded. Performa ...

Research paper thumbnail of A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help for depression in Pakistan

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for treating dep... more Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for treating depression and anxiety. There is some evidence to suggest that CBT needs to be culturally adapted for it to be effective in non-Western cultures. CBT is not widely used in low and middle income countries and there is a need to test its effectiveness in different settings and formats, including self-help. We describe a RCT of a Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help manual in Pakistan. The trial was conducted in psychiatry departments in three cities. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks, using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Bradford somatic Inventory and brief disability Questionnaire. At the end of the trial CaCBT based self-help was found to be effective against care as usual in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as somatic symptoms and disability. This study was conducted only in secondary care and required either patient or a carer to be able to read and write. This is the first study outside West of a CBT based self-help intervention for depression. This study highlights the importance of using cost effective interventions in developing world in low intensity formats. Future studies should focus on trying these resources in different settings, like primary care, and with the use of audio/video or multimedia resources to improve compliance in patients with lower literacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Pattern of Smoking in Medical Students

Background: To assess the frequency and pattern of smoking in medical students. Methods: The stud... more Background: To assess the frequency and pattern of smoking in medical students. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 975 medical students , in whom 299(30.7%) were males and rest 676(69.3%) were females. Data was collected on self administered questionnaire ensuring anonymity. The Proforma recorded age, gender, smoking or otherwise, parental and peer smoking. Results: Twenty four percent subjects smoked at least once, of which 57.7% were males and 42.3% were females. There was a higher incidence of initiation of smoking in the age groups between 16 to 20 years. Factors which influence smoking include peer smokers (41.16%) and parental(9.24%) smoking. Conclusion: Different factors which influence smoking habits need further evaluation so as to effectively control smoking.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Severity of Anxiety and Depression in Covid-19 Patients Admitted to Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals Rawalpindi Pakistan

clinical psychology, COVID 19

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the COVID-19 infected pati... more Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the COVID-19 infected patients. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals Covid designated wards from 1 st April 2019 and 30 th June 2020 Methodology: Hundred patients of either gender presented with Covid-19 infection were enrolled. Detailed demographics and complete medical examination was done after taking informed written consent. Those patients who fulfil the clinical criteria Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAMA) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD) were applied to assess the severity of anxiety and/or depression. Results: There were 69 (69%) males and 31 (31%) females. Eighty two (82%) patients fall in the age range of 21 to 50 years with the mean of 38 years. There is high level of anxiety as well as depression among admitted patients suffering from COVID-19. Seventy five (75%) patients suffered from depression and 72 (72%) of patients suffered from anxiety ranging from mild to severe. Conclusion: It is concluded that patients suffering from Covid-19 disease had high prevalence of depression and anxiety.

Research paper thumbnail of A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help for depression in Pakistan

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014

Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for ... more Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for treating depression and anxiety. There is some evidence to suggest that CBT needs to be culturally adapted for it to be effective in non-Western cultures. CBT is not widely used in low and middle income countries and there is a need to test its effectiveness in different settings and formats, including self-help. Methods: We describe a RCT of a Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help manual in Pakistan. The trial was conducted in psychiatry departments in three cities. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks, using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Bradford somatic Inventory and brief disability Questionnaire. Results: At the end of the trial CaCBT based self-help was found to be effective against care as usual in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as somatic symptoms and disability. Limitations: This study was conducted only in secondary care and required either patient or a carer to be able to read and write. Conclusions: This is the first study outside West of a CBT based self-help intervention for depression. This study highlights the importance of using cost effective interventions in developing world in low intensity formats. Future studies should focus on trying these resources in different settings, like primary care, and with the use of audio/video or multimedia resources to improve compliance in patients with lower literacy.

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of patient satisfaction with mental health services in a tertiary care setting

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC

Patients' opinion regarding services has acquired great importance. Patient satisfaction is p... more Patients' opinion regarding services has acquired great importance. Patient satisfaction is playing an increasingly important role in quality of care reforms and health-care delivery. The study aimed to measure patient satisfaction in a tertiary care hospital in order to know the patients' perspectives and expectations of the services and make appropriate improvements accordingly. This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Out-patient and Inpatient Departments of the Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, for a period of 8 months from October 2008 till June 2009. Sample size was 246 patients; which included 123 participants from Out-patient and In-patient departments each. Patients aged 18 and above, of both genders, who gave informed written consent, were consecutively recruited for the study. Learning disabled patients, frankly psychotic and those with severe cognitive impairment and severe co-morbid physical illnesses were excluded. Performa ...

Research paper thumbnail of A multicentre randomised controlled trial of a carer supervised Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help for depression in Pakistan

Journal of Affective Disorders, 2014

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for treating dep... more Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) based self-help has been found to be effective for treating depression and anxiety. There is some evidence to suggest that CBT needs to be culturally adapted for it to be effective in non-Western cultures. CBT is not widely used in low and middle income countries and there is a need to test its effectiveness in different settings and formats, including self-help. We describe a RCT of a Culturally adapted CBT (CaCBT) based self-help manual in Pakistan. The trial was conducted in psychiatry departments in three cities. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 12 weeks, using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Bradford somatic Inventory and brief disability Questionnaire. At the end of the trial CaCBT based self-help was found to be effective against care as usual in reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety, as well as somatic symptoms and disability. This study was conducted only in secondary care and required either patient or a carer to be able to read and write. This is the first study outside West of a CBT based self-help intervention for depression. This study highlights the importance of using cost effective interventions in developing world in low intensity formats. Future studies should focus on trying these resources in different settings, like primary care, and with the use of audio/video or multimedia resources to improve compliance in patients with lower literacy.