Fatime Geyikoglu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fatime Geyikoglu
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2016
Titanium nanoparticles (NPs) have very wide application areas such as paint, cosmetics, pharmaceu... more Titanium nanoparticles (NPs) have very wide application areas such as paint, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications. And, to translate these nanomaterials to the clinic and industrial domains, their safety needs to be verified, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate of cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression profiles influenced by commonly titanium (as titanium carbide, titanium carbo-nitride, titanium (II) oxide, titanium (III) oxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titanium nitride, titanium silicon oxide) NPs in human alveolar epithelial (HPAEpiC) and pharynx (HPPC) cell lines in vitro since inhalation is an important pathway for exposure to these nanoparticles. HPAEpiC and HPPC cells were treated with titanium (0-100 µg/mL), nanoparticles for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by, [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT), uptake of neutral red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, while genotoxicity was also analyzed by cDNA array - RT-PCR assay. According to the results of MTT, NR and LDH assays, all tested NPs induced cytotoxicity on both HPAEpiC and HPPC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Determining and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HPAEpiC and HPPC cells, titanium NPs showed more changes in genes related to DNA damage or repair, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants Jeop, Sep 1, 2014
ABSTRACT The carvacrol is thought to promote optimal health via its antioxidant and free radical ... more ABSTRACT The carvacrol is thought to promote optimal health via its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. The aim of our present study was to investigate the efficacy of carvacrol on the development of kidney injury in acute pancreatitis model (AP) induced by cerulein and to explore the underlying mechanism. The rats were randomised into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II.) 50 mu g/kg cerulein at 1-h intervals by four intraperitonally injection (i.p.); (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg carvacrol by one i.p.; and (IV) cerulein+carvacrol after 2 h of cerulein injection. 12 h later, serum was provided to assess the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and uric acid (UA) values. Also, renal tissues were obtained for histological and biochemical measurements. Kidney oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in tissue antioxidant enzyme levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. We found that the increasing doses of carvacrol decreased pancreatitis-induced MDA levels. Moreover, the renal SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the AP+carvacrol group were higher than that of the rats in the AP group. In the treatment groups, the BUN, CRE and UA were reduced. Besides, necrosis, coagulation and inflammation in the kidney were alleviated (p < 0.05). Finally, the magnitude of the protective effect on kidney is certain, and 200 mg/kg carvacrol is an effective theraphy for oxidative stress caused by AP.
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C, 2007
Iufs Journal of Biology, 2010
... T0.t&amp;amp;#x27;it.&amp;amp;#x27;0lrJ_gi= Lei&amp;amp;#x27;tei&... more ... T0.t&amp;amp;#x27;it.&amp;amp;#x27;0lrJ_gi= Lei&amp;amp;#x27;tei&amp;amp;#x27;.~.&amp;amp;#x27;_ 161(1): 27-36. Li KK, Ma WS and Paudel HK. (1998) Phosphor).-&amp;amp;#x27;lation sensitizes nticrotttbule-associated protein tau to Al(3+)-induced aggregation. Nettroc&amp;amp;#x27;Fteiiii(.&amp;amp;#x27;ttt&amp;amp;#x27; Re.i&amp;amp;#x27;ettrclt, 23: l467?(i. Lima PD. ... BMB Reports. 41(9): 657-63. Sushma NJ. ...
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2008
Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2011
Journal of Applied Animal Research, Nov 14, 2011
Temelli, A. and Geyikoğlu, F. 2006. A comparative study on the structural features of muscle fibe... more Temelli, A. and Geyikoğlu, F. 2006. A comparative study on the structural features of muscle fibers in intrinsic lingual muscles of 21 day old and 9 month old mice using light and electron microscopy. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 47–51.To compare structural features of muscle fibers in intrinsic lingual muscles of 21 day old and 9 month old mice, the semi-thin sections stained with toluidine blue were examined under light microscope and the thin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were examined under JEOL 100SX electron microscope. Two types of fibers in both groups of mice were distinguished (Type 2A, Type 2B). When intrinsic lingual muscles of 21 day old and 9 month old mice were compared, differentiations were observed in distribution of muscle fibers, their compositions and the size and shape of sarcosomes. In addition, the sarcoplasmic reticulum tubules were different between two groups. These differences may be the results of the adaptations of intrinsic lingual muscles of mice in different age groups to feeding behaviours.
Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2010
Heavy metals can accumulate in the environment and cause serious damages to ecosystems and human ... more Heavy metals can accumulate in the environment and cause serious damages to ecosystems and human health. Boron is considered to be essential micronutrient with its well established biological functions and the antioxidant effects of boric acid (BA) are controversial. However, the potential of important boron compounds in cellular activities remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacies of some boron compounds (BA, borax, colemanite and ulexite) on the genotoxicity induced by heavy metals (arsenic trioxide, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, cadmium chloride, mercury chloride and lead chloride) in human blood cultures. For this aim, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) assays were performed to establish DNA damages in lymphocytes. Besides, oxidative stress was monitored by estimating the changes of main antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of total glutathione (TGSH) in erythrocytes. The present study showed that heavy metal treatments increased the frequencies of SCE and MN and the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level; decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities and the level of TGSH compared to controls. Whereas, the tested boron compounds (5–20 ppm) significantly reduced the genotoxic effects induced by low doses of heavy metals. Our results revealed that the protective roles of boron compounds occurred with the effectiveness on their anti-oxidant capacity. In conclusion, these compounds could be useful in the development of functional food and raw materials of medicine.
Cytotechnology, 2015
Acute pancreatitis (AP) may cause significant persistent multi-organ dysfunction. Carvacrol (CAR)... more Acute pancreatitis (AP) may cause significant persistent multi-organ dysfunction. Carvacrol (CAR) possesses a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze the hepatic protection of CAR on AP induced by cerulein and to explore the underlying mechanism using in vivo studies. The rats were randomized into groups to receive (1) no therapy; (2) 50 µg/kg cerulein at 1-h intervals by four intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); (3) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p.; and (4) cerulein + CAR after 2 h of cerulein injection. 12 h later, serum was provided to assess the blood AST, ALT and LDH values. Also, liver tissues were obtained for histological and biochemical measurements. Liver oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as MDA and changes in tissue antioxidant enzyme levels, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. Oxidative damage to DNA was quantitated in studied tissues of experimental animals by measuring the increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formations. We found that the increasing doses of CAR decreased pancreatitis-induced MDA and 8-OH-dG levels. Moreover, the liver SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the AP + CAR group were higher than that of the rats in the AP group. In the treatment groups, AST, ALT and LDH were reduced. Besides, necrosis, coagulation and inflammation in the liver were alleviated (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). We suggest that CAR could be a safe and potent new drug candidate for treating AP through its antioxidative mechanism of action for the treatment of a wide range of disorders related to hepatic dysfunction.
Cytotechnology, 2015
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered as major problem around the world and the incidence of AP i... more Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered as major problem around the world and the incidence of AP is increasing. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, has good antioxidant activity. This in vivo study was designed to evaluate whether CAR provide protection against AP that developed by pancreas injury. The rats were randomised into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II) 50 µg/kg cerulein at 1 h intervals by four intraperitonally (i.p.) injections; (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p. injection; and (IV) cerulein plus CAR after 2 h of cerulein administration. 12 h later, serum samples were obtained to assess pancreatic function, the lipase and amylase values. The oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in main tissue antioxidant enzyme levels including SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. Additionally, oxidative DNA damage was determined by measuring the increases of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formations. We found that the increasing doses of CAR decreased AP-induced MDA and 8-OH-dG levels. Moreover, the pancreas antioxidant enzyme activities were higher than that of the rats in the AP group when compared to the AP plus CAR group. In the treatment groups, the lipase and amylase were reduced. Besides, histopathological findings in the pancreatic tissue were alleviated (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). We suggest that CAR could be a safe and potent new drug candidate for treating AP through its antioxidative mechanism of action for the treatment of a wide range of disorders related to pancreas.
Toxicology and industrial health, 2013
This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of borax (BX) on genotoxicity induced ... more This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of borax (BX) on genotoxicity induced by aluminum (Al) in rat liver, using liver micronucleus assay as an indicator of genotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into six groups and each group had four animals. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃; 5 mg/kg b.w.) and BX (3.25 and 13 mg/kg b.w.) were injected intraperitoneally to rats. Besides, animals were also treated with Al for 4 consecutive days followed by BX for 10 days. Rats were anesthetized after Al and BX injections and the hepatocytes were isolated for counting the number of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs). AlCl₃ was found to significantly (p < 0.05) increase the number of MNHEPs. Rats treated with BX, however, showed no increase in MNHEPs. Moreover, simultaneous treatments with BX significantly modulated the genotoxic effects of AlCl₃ in rats. It can be concluded that BX has beneficial influences and has the ability to antagonize Al toxicity.
Toxicology and industrial health, 2013
Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) represents a potential health risk and hep... more Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) represents a potential health risk and hepatotoxicity. Astaxanthin (ASTA) exhibits antioxidant properties and can influence hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was carried out for using ASTA against hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD in the liver of rats. Animals were treated intraperitoneally daily with TCDD (8 µg/kg body weight (b.w.)), ASTA (12.5 mg/kg b.w. and 25 mg/kg b.w.) and TCDD plus ASTA (12.5 and 25 mg/kg b.w.) for 21 days. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and resulted in serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of micronucleus (MN) in hepatocytes increased after treating with TCDD. The activities of enzymes, frequencies of MNs and liver histology in lower dosage group of ASTA remained unchanged compared with the control group. In rats treated with ASTA, at higher dosage alone, the MNs remained unchanged and the activities of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased. ...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2012
The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of L-glutamine (Gln) in alleviating the to... more The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of L-glutamine (Gln) in alleviating the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in liver of rats. Rats were intraperitoneally administered Gln and TCDD doses daily for 21 days. In the liver of rats, the biochemical tests, pathological examination and micronucleus (MN) test were performed. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of MNs in hepatocytes increased after treatment with dioxin. In rats treated with Gln alone, the MNs remained unchanged, but the ratio of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased. Gln also prevented the suppression of GSH-Px (except for superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. Thus, our findings for Gln might provide new insight into the development of therap...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2012
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that leads to the deve... more 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that leads to the development of hepatotoxicity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been proposed to counteract oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, and several studies suggest that supplementations with antioxidants can influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of DHA in modulating the toxicity of TCDD in the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to four groups (n = 5): control (only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), 8 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) TCDD in DMSO solution; 250 mg/kg b.w. DHA and TCDD plus DHA; respectively. Rats were intraperitoneally administered their respective doses daily for 21 days. On day 21, the animals were killed, and then biochemical tests, pathological examination, and micronucleus (MN) assay were performed in the liver. Our results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased and serious pathological...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2011
Aluminum (Al) is commonly used in industrial processes and drugs and is thought to induce erythro... more Aluminum (Al) is commonly used in industrial processes and drugs and is thought to induce erythrocytes damage via activation of oxidative stress. Recently, bismuth (Bi)-containing drugs are used in the treatment of various diseases. However, uncertain effects of Bi in blood tissue may participate in the therapeutic efficacy of Bi compounds as related to metals. Hence, this study aimed to determine the roles on human blood cells of the various concentrations of aluminum sulphate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)) and bismuth subnitrate (BSN), separate and together. With this aim, oxidative status was assessed on erythrocytes by measuring following oxidative stress markers: reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and catalase (CAT). Two chemicals were tested for their ability to induce cytogenetic change in human lymphocytes using assays for chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Our results showed that high dose o...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2007
Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychl... more Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were examined for embryo and early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). A set of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 126, mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 28 and di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 153) were tested. The typical lesions observed were yolk sac edema, vertebra defect, craniofacial malformations (double head, triple retina), anaxial body and inhibition of swim bladder inflation. Moreover, embryo and larval mortality increased and hatching success decreased. The severity of abnormalities and mortalities were concentration- and congener-dependent. Of the compounds tested, polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 was found to be highly toxic to the fish embryos following exposure. The Lethal Concentration 50 values for polychlorinated biphenyl 28, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, polychlorinated biphenyl...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2007
Medicinal plants are increasingly being projected as suitable alternative source for the treatmen... more Medicinal plants are increasingly being projected as suitable alternative source for the treatment of various diseases. However, toxic effects resulting from therapeutic bismuth compounds are still documented in animals and humans. This study described the genetic effects of five common lichen species and compared their activities on the genotoxicity induced by the colloidal bismuth subcitrate. After the application of colloidal bismuth subcitrate and lichen extracts, separate and together, human whole blood cultures were assessed by sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus tests. According to our results, the frequencies of SCE and micronucleus rate in peripheral lymphocytes were significantly increased by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (at dose 5 microg/mL) compared with controls. However, lichen extracts had no genotoxic effect. The order of antigenotoxicity efficacy against colloidal bismuth subcitrate was Pseudevernia furfuracea, Dermotocarpon intestiniforme, Ramalina cap...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2007
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is extensively used in many industrial areas, including cosmetics, pharma... more Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is extensively used in many industrial areas, including cosmetics, pharmaceutical, paint and paper production. Although the uses of TiO2 have become so widespread, there is limited information concerning its toxicity on humans. However, the genotoxicity of TiO2 remains to be controversial. The possible genotoxic effects of TiO2 have been evaluated in human whole blood cultures (WBCs) related to oxidative status. The blood was processed to examine the following oxidative stress markers: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, the frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints. Different concentrations of TiO2 (1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 microM) were tested. From the results, it appeared that TiO2 was able to induce genotoxic effects, as observed by the increases found in SCE and MN frequencies in TiO2-treated cultures. Present results also show that treat...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2013
Aluminium (Al) is used in water purification and is also present in several manufactured foods an... more Aluminium (Al) is used in water purification and is also present in several manufactured foods and medicines. Al is known to induce a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioural dysfunctions in laboratory animals and humans. This investigation was carried out to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to Al (as AlCl₃) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into two groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with Al (as AlCl₃, 5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitonally for 10 weeks. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities and creatinine, urea (U) and uric acid (UA) levels for evaluating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Blood parameters including red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, haematocrit (Ht), platelets (...
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2015
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 2016
Titanium nanoparticles (NPs) have very wide application areas such as paint, cosmetics, pharmaceu... more Titanium nanoparticles (NPs) have very wide application areas such as paint, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications. And, to translate these nanomaterials to the clinic and industrial domains, their safety needs to be verified, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate of cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression profiles influenced by commonly titanium (as titanium carbide, titanium carbo-nitride, titanium (II) oxide, titanium (III) oxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titanium nitride, titanium silicon oxide) NPs in human alveolar epithelial (HPAEpiC) and pharynx (HPPC) cell lines in vitro since inhalation is an important pathway for exposure to these nanoparticles. HPAEpiC and HPPC cells were treated with titanium (0-100 µg/mL), nanoparticles for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by, [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT), uptake of neutral red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, while genotoxicity was also analyzed by cDNA array - RT-PCR assay. According to the results of MTT, NR and LDH assays, all tested NPs induced cytotoxicity on both HPAEpiC and HPPC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Determining and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HPAEpiC and HPPC cells, titanium NPs showed more changes in genes related to DNA damage or repair, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants Jeop, Sep 1, 2014
ABSTRACT The carvacrol is thought to promote optimal health via its antioxidant and free radical ... more ABSTRACT The carvacrol is thought to promote optimal health via its antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects. The aim of our present study was to investigate the efficacy of carvacrol on the development of kidney injury in acute pancreatitis model (AP) induced by cerulein and to explore the underlying mechanism. The rats were randomised into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II.) 50 mu g/kg cerulein at 1-h intervals by four intraperitonally injection (i.p.); (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg carvacrol by one i.p.; and (IV) cerulein+carvacrol after 2 h of cerulein injection. 12 h later, serum was provided to assess the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and uric acid (UA) values. Also, renal tissues were obtained for histological and biochemical measurements. Kidney oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in tissue antioxidant enzyme levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. We found that the increasing doses of carvacrol decreased pancreatitis-induced MDA levels. Moreover, the renal SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the AP+carvacrol group were higher than that of the rats in the AP group. In the treatment groups, the BUN, CRE and UA were reduced. Besides, necrosis, coagulation and inflammation in the kidney were alleviated (p < 0.05). Finally, the magnitude of the protective effect on kidney is certain, and 200 mg/kg carvacrol is an effective theraphy for oxidative stress caused by AP.
Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C, 2007
Iufs Journal of Biology, 2010
... T0.t&amp;amp;#x27;it.&amp;amp;#x27;0lrJ_gi= Lei&amp;amp;#x27;tei&... more ... T0.t&amp;amp;#x27;it.&amp;amp;#x27;0lrJ_gi= Lei&amp;amp;#x27;tei&amp;amp;#x27;.~.&amp;amp;#x27;_ 161(1): 27-36. Li KK, Ma WS and Paudel HK. (1998) Phosphor).-&amp;amp;#x27;lation sensitizes nticrotttbule-associated protein tau to Al(3+)-induced aggregation. Nettroc&amp;amp;#x27;Fteiiii(.&amp;amp;#x27;ttt&amp;amp;#x27; Re.i&amp;amp;#x27;ettrclt, 23: l467?(i. Lima PD. ... BMB Reports. 41(9): 657-63. Sushma NJ. ...
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2008
Toxicology and Industrial Health, 2011
Journal of Applied Animal Research, Nov 14, 2011
Temelli, A. and Geyikoğlu, F. 2006. A comparative study on the structural features of muscle fibe... more Temelli, A. and Geyikoğlu, F. 2006. A comparative study on the structural features of muscle fibers in intrinsic lingual muscles of 21 day old and 9 month old mice using light and electron microscopy. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 30: 47–51.To compare structural features of muscle fibers in intrinsic lingual muscles of 21 day old and 9 month old mice, the semi-thin sections stained with toluidine blue were examined under light microscope and the thin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were examined under JEOL 100SX electron microscope. Two types of fibers in both groups of mice were distinguished (Type 2A, Type 2B). When intrinsic lingual muscles of 21 day old and 9 month old mice were compared, differentiations were observed in distribution of muscle fibers, their compositions and the size and shape of sarcosomes. In addition, the sarcoplasmic reticulum tubules were different between two groups. These differences may be the results of the adaptations of intrinsic lingual muscles of mice in different age groups to feeding behaviours.
Exp Toxicol Pathol, 2010
Heavy metals can accumulate in the environment and cause serious damages to ecosystems and human ... more Heavy metals can accumulate in the environment and cause serious damages to ecosystems and human health. Boron is considered to be essential micronutrient with its well established biological functions and the antioxidant effects of boric acid (BA) are controversial. However, the potential of important boron compounds in cellular activities remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacies of some boron compounds (BA, borax, colemanite and ulexite) on the genotoxicity induced by heavy metals (arsenic trioxide, colloidal bismuth subcitrate, cadmium chloride, mercury chloride and lead chloride) in human blood cultures. For this aim, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) assays were performed to establish DNA damages in lymphocytes. Besides, oxidative stress was monitored by estimating the changes of main antioxidant enzyme activities and the levels of total glutathione (TGSH) in erythrocytes. The present study showed that heavy metal treatments increased the frequencies of SCE and MN and the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level; decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities and the level of TGSH compared to controls. Whereas, the tested boron compounds (5–20 ppm) significantly reduced the genotoxic effects induced by low doses of heavy metals. Our results revealed that the protective roles of boron compounds occurred with the effectiveness on their anti-oxidant capacity. In conclusion, these compounds could be useful in the development of functional food and raw materials of medicine.
Cytotechnology, 2015
Acute pancreatitis (AP) may cause significant persistent multi-organ dysfunction. Carvacrol (CAR)... more Acute pancreatitis (AP) may cause significant persistent multi-organ dysfunction. Carvacrol (CAR) possesses a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze the hepatic protection of CAR on AP induced by cerulein and to explore the underlying mechanism using in vivo studies. The rats were randomized into groups to receive (1) no therapy; (2) 50 µg/kg cerulein at 1-h intervals by four intraperitoneal injection (i.p.); (3) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p.; and (4) cerulein + CAR after 2 h of cerulein injection. 12 h later, serum was provided to assess the blood AST, ALT and LDH values. Also, liver tissues were obtained for histological and biochemical measurements. Liver oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as MDA and changes in tissue antioxidant enzyme levels, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. Oxidative damage to DNA was quantitated in studied tissues of experimental animals by measuring the increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formations. We found that the increasing doses of CAR decreased pancreatitis-induced MDA and 8-OH-dG levels. Moreover, the liver SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the AP + CAR group were higher than that of the rats in the AP group. In the treatment groups, AST, ALT and LDH were reduced. Besides, necrosis, coagulation and inflammation in the liver were alleviated (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). We suggest that CAR could be a safe and potent new drug candidate for treating AP through its antioxidative mechanism of action for the treatment of a wide range of disorders related to hepatic dysfunction.
Cytotechnology, 2015
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered as major problem around the world and the incidence of AP i... more Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered as major problem around the world and the incidence of AP is increasing. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, has good antioxidant activity. This in vivo study was designed to evaluate whether CAR provide protection against AP that developed by pancreas injury. The rats were randomised into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II) 50 µg/kg cerulein at 1 h intervals by four intraperitonally (i.p.) injections; (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p. injection; and (IV) cerulein plus CAR after 2 h of cerulein administration. 12 h later, serum samples were obtained to assess pancreatic function, the lipase and amylase values. The oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in main tissue antioxidant enzyme levels including SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. Additionally, oxidative DNA damage was determined by measuring the increases of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formations. We found that the increasing doses of CAR decreased AP-induced MDA and 8-OH-dG levels. Moreover, the pancreas antioxidant enzyme activities were higher than that of the rats in the AP group when compared to the AP plus CAR group. In the treatment groups, the lipase and amylase were reduced. Besides, histopathological findings in the pancreatic tissue were alleviated (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). We suggest that CAR could be a safe and potent new drug candidate for treating AP through its antioxidative mechanism of action for the treatment of a wide range of disorders related to pancreas.
Toxicology and industrial health, 2013
This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of borax (BX) on genotoxicity induced ... more This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of borax (BX) on genotoxicity induced by aluminum (Al) in rat liver, using liver micronucleus assay as an indicator of genotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into six groups and each group had four animals. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃; 5 mg/kg b.w.) and BX (3.25 and 13 mg/kg b.w.) were injected intraperitoneally to rats. Besides, animals were also treated with Al for 4 consecutive days followed by BX for 10 days. Rats were anesthetized after Al and BX injections and the hepatocytes were isolated for counting the number of micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEPs). AlCl₃ was found to significantly (p < 0.05) increase the number of MNHEPs. Rats treated with BX, however, showed no increase in MNHEPs. Moreover, simultaneous treatments with BX significantly modulated the genotoxic effects of AlCl₃ in rats. It can be concluded that BX has beneficial influences and has the ability to antagonize Al toxicity.
Toxicology and industrial health, 2013
Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) represents a potential health risk and hep... more Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) represents a potential health risk and hepatotoxicity. Astaxanthin (ASTA) exhibits antioxidant properties and can influence hepatotoxicity. Therefore, the present study was carried out for using ASTA against hepatotoxicity induced by TCDD in the liver of rats. Animals were treated intraperitoneally daily with TCDD (8 µg/kg body weight (b.w.)), ASTA (12.5 mg/kg b.w. and 25 mg/kg b.w.) and TCDD plus ASTA (12.5 and 25 mg/kg b.w.) for 21 days. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and resulted in serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of micronucleus (MN) in hepatocytes increased after treating with TCDD. The activities of enzymes, frequencies of MNs and liver histology in lower dosage group of ASTA remained unchanged compared with the control group. In rats treated with ASTA, at higher dosage alone, the MNs remained unchanged and the activities of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased. ...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2012
The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of L-glutamine (Gln) in alleviating the to... more The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of L-glutamine (Gln) in alleviating the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in liver of rats. Rats were intraperitoneally administered Gln and TCDD doses daily for 21 days. In the liver of rats, the biochemical tests, pathological examination and micronucleus (MN) test were performed. TCDD significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and serious pathological findings. Moreover, the rate of MNs in hepatocytes increased after treatment with dioxin. In rats treated with Gln alone, the MNs remained unchanged, but the ratio of glutathione (GSH) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly increased. Gln also prevented the suppression of GSH-Px (except for superoxide dismutase and catalase) and GSH in the livers of animals exposed to TCDD and displayed a strong protective effect against MNs. Thus, our findings for Gln might provide new insight into the development of therap...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2012
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that leads to the deve... more 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is an environmental contaminant that leads to the development of hepatotoxicity. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been proposed to counteract oxidative stress and improve antioxidant status, and several studies suggest that supplementations with antioxidants can influence hepatotoxicity. The aim of the current study was to explore the role of DHA in modulating the toxicity of TCDD in the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were assigned to four groups (n = 5): control (only dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)), 8 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) TCDD in DMSO solution; 250 mg/kg b.w. DHA and TCDD plus DHA; respectively. Rats were intraperitoneally administered their respective doses daily for 21 days. On day 21, the animals were killed, and then biochemical tests, pathological examination, and micronucleus (MN) assay were performed in the liver. Our results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased and serious pathological...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2011
Aluminum (Al) is commonly used in industrial processes and drugs and is thought to induce erythro... more Aluminum (Al) is commonly used in industrial processes and drugs and is thought to induce erythrocytes damage via activation of oxidative stress. Recently, bismuth (Bi)-containing drugs are used in the treatment of various diseases. However, uncertain effects of Bi in blood tissue may participate in the therapeutic efficacy of Bi compounds as related to metals. Hence, this study aimed to determine the roles on human blood cells of the various concentrations of aluminum sulphate (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)) and bismuth subnitrate (BSN), separate and together. With this aim, oxidative status was assessed on erythrocytes by measuring following oxidative stress markers: reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and catalase (CAT). Two chemicals were tested for their ability to induce cytogenetic change in human lymphocytes using assays for chromosome aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Our results showed that high dose o...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2007
Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychl... more Polychlorinated biphenyls are a widespread aquatic contaminant. In this article, specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners were examined for embryo and early life-stage toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). A set of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 126, mono-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 28 and di-ortho polychlorinated biphenyl 153) were tested. The typical lesions observed were yolk sac edema, vertebra defect, craniofacial malformations (double head, triple retina), anaxial body and inhibition of swim bladder inflation. Moreover, embryo and larval mortality increased and hatching success decreased. The severity of abnormalities and mortalities were concentration- and congener-dependent. Of the compounds tested, polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 was found to be highly toxic to the fish embryos following exposure. The Lethal Concentration 50 values for polychlorinated biphenyl 28, polychlorinated biphenyl 126, polychlorinated biphenyl...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2007
Medicinal plants are increasingly being projected as suitable alternative source for the treatmen... more Medicinal plants are increasingly being projected as suitable alternative source for the treatment of various diseases. However, toxic effects resulting from therapeutic bismuth compounds are still documented in animals and humans. This study described the genetic effects of five common lichen species and compared their activities on the genotoxicity induced by the colloidal bismuth subcitrate. After the application of colloidal bismuth subcitrate and lichen extracts, separate and together, human whole blood cultures were assessed by sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus tests. According to our results, the frequencies of SCE and micronucleus rate in peripheral lymphocytes were significantly increased by colloidal bismuth subcitrate (at dose 5 microg/mL) compared with controls. However, lichen extracts had no genotoxic effect. The order of antigenotoxicity efficacy against colloidal bismuth subcitrate was Pseudevernia furfuracea, Dermotocarpon intestiniforme, Ramalina cap...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2007
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is extensively used in many industrial areas, including cosmetics, pharma... more Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is extensively used in many industrial areas, including cosmetics, pharmaceutical, paint and paper production. Although the uses of TiO2 have become so widespread, there is limited information concerning its toxicity on humans. However, the genotoxicity of TiO2 remains to be controversial. The possible genotoxic effects of TiO2 have been evaluated in human whole blood cultures (WBCs) related to oxidative status. The blood was processed to examine the following oxidative stress markers: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, the frequencies of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MN) were scored as genetic endpoints. Different concentrations of TiO2 (1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 microM) were tested. From the results, it appeared that TiO2 was able to induce genotoxic effects, as observed by the increases found in SCE and MN frequencies in TiO2-treated cultures. Present results also show that treat...
Toxicology and industrial health, 2013
Aluminium (Al) is used in water purification and is also present in several manufactured foods an... more Aluminium (Al) is used in water purification and is also present in several manufactured foods and medicines. Al is known to induce a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioural dysfunctions in laboratory animals and humans. This investigation was carried out to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure to Al (as AlCl₃) in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into two groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with Al (as AlCl₃, 5 mg/kg body weight) intraperitonally for 10 weeks. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities and creatinine, urea (U) and uric acid (UA) levels for evaluating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Blood parameters including red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, haematocrit (Ht), platelets (...
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2015