Fausto Galetto - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Fausto Galetto
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 22, 2018
The consequence of failures (unreliability, unavailability, costs, and customers' dissatisfaction... more The consequence of failures (unreliability, unavailability, costs, and customers' dissatisfaction) should be evaluated as early as possible during the product development phase, in order to improve the reliability, so that the product has the lowest total Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for customers. LCC depends both on the cost of reliability achievement and on the costs of restoration in service, after the failures: there are two ways, either reducing the failure rate of the parts or replacing the parts before they fail (preventive maintenance actions at suitable times to avoid failures). Preventive maintenance costs due to the down-time (for replacement) and to the expedinture for the replaced parts, but a failure could cost more because down-time is, in general, much more costly than that of replacement.We Learn from Failures (during reliability tests and use) in order to do better in future, short term, middle term, and long term. We show how to get benefit from that. We show the use of preventive replacement and find optimum value of the time interval t p as function of the cost parameters c0 and c1, the mission time interval 0-t and the reliability R(t); we show how optimise both the costs and the availability, using various cases found in the literature and in university lessons. So doing we improve the knowledge needed in practical applications. Everything is based on the Reliability Integral Theory.
Journal of Management Science & Engineering Research
Good decisions (Quality Decisions) depend on scientific analysis of data. Data are collected, gen... more Good decisions (Quality Decisions) depend on scientific analysis of data. Data are collected, generally, in two ways: 1) one sample of suitable size, 2) subsequent samples, at regular intervals of time. Often the data are considered normally distributed. This is wrong because the data must be analysed according to their distribution: Decisions are different. In several cases the data are exponentially distributed: we see how to scientifically deal with Control Charts (CC) to decide; this is opposite to what gives the T Charts that are claimed to be a good method for dealing with “rare events”: The Minitab Software (19 & 20 & 21) for “T Charts” is considered. The author will compare some methods, found in the literature with the author’s Theory RIT (Reliability Integral Theory): We will see various cases found in the literature. Classical Shewhart Control Charts and the TBE (Time Between Events) Control Charts have been considered: it appears that with RIT the future decisions will b...
Il Management ha bisogno di, e deve, accrescere la propria cultura, dato che l'esperienza da sola... more Il Management ha bisogno di, e deve, accrescere la propria cultura, dato che l'esperienza da sola, senza la teoria, non insegna nulla su ciò che si deve fare e come si deve fare per migliorare e soprattutto prevenire i problemi [idee già espresse da due grandi italiani, Leonardo e Galileo, in campi diversi dal Management]. Nella relazione saranno presentati per i manager i concetti relativi a Tetraedro del Manager Razionale, Tetraedro della Gestione, Matrice della Conoscenza, le 10 Aree Chiave, i 2 Fondamenti della Qualità, i 3 Principi della Qualità, MBITE, TQM2, Circolo Vizioso della disqualità, TQM3, la FAUSTA VIA, Approccio Integrale alla Qualità, la-Q. Essere manager non è una categoria sindacale. Tutte le Aziende, piccole, medie, grandi e la Società civile hanno bisogno di persone dotate di capacità razionali che sappiano affrontare in modo manageriale i problemi e le decisioni che si presentano. Hanno bisogno di Manager, i quali sappiano che, per decidere in modo manageriale, si devono usare le tecniche adeguate ai problemi da affrontare.
It is shown how to compute the mean cost of failures and preventive maintenance for any model and... more It is shown how to compute the mean cost of failures and preventive maintenance for any model and for any period of time and any maintenance interval. This allows to find the optimum maintenance interval. Integral Theory of Reliability, devised by F. Galetto is used. When time t is infinite, one gets the solution found in many books and papers, that do not say that their solution is valid only after an infinite number of failures.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 18, 2019
We show a new proof (probabilistic) by merging the infinite number of states into three SuperStat... more We show a new proof (probabilistic) by merging the infinite number of states into three SuperStates: the merged process is still a Markov process easily solvable. In previous papers we provided firstly a probabilistic proof of the Conjecture and secondly we analysed two probabilistic methods for the proof comparing them by the Reliability Integral Theory and the SPQR Principle; Finally we showed a proof (non-probabilistic) using Flow Graphs.
Suggested WRONG paper by an IGNORANT Peer Reviewer. How can he decide about a Quality paper?
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 13, 2016
Attending seminars, Conferences, looking at "television lessons" the author saw many times many p... more Attending seminars, Conferences, looking at "television lessons" the author saw many times many people (often Professors) that did not know the matter they were talking about; nevertheless, they author papers, suggest books to students, provide lessons, make consultancy. Visiting Companies, the author saw many times many Companies lacking Quality of Management, a huge problem against Quality achievement. Many people (often Professors) think that Quality in written documents is assured by the "Peer Review Process" carried out by members of "international scientific community", and that "Quality of teaching" is assured by their "academic standing…". To be real Managers, Present students and Company Management need to grow-up their knowledge because experience alone, without theory, teaches nothing what to do to make Quality. For Higher Education Institutions that "generate" future Managers, this means that professors MUST learn Quality ideas on Quality Management, in a correct and scientific way. All the methods, devised by F. Galetto, have been used for preventing and solving real problems in the Companies he was working for. In the paper, as already done several times, we present some cases (out of the hundreds known to the author) taken form some of the ten "Good and Reputed Journals", where professors (editors and referees, as well) were acting with disquality.
After the presentation of my paper “The Mathematics of Thermodynamics”, based on ideas of B. Finz... more After the presentation of my paper “The Mathematics of Thermodynamics”, based on ideas of B. Finzi [one of the professors at Milan Politecnico] to be found in a paper published in the “Periodico di Matematiche, serie IV, vol. XIV, 1935”, related to a Caratheodory publication in Mat. Ann., 67, 355, 1909, Berl. Ber. 39, 1935, I got an e-mail from J. Starikow who informed me that Gyula Farkas and Nikolaj Schiller were in better position than Caratheodory about the second principle of thermodynamics. Here I compare the ideas of the three authors: we hope that the truth is settled. We give also the “true” meaning of Entropy.
One month ago the author, in a document entitled Entropy of Linhart_a nonsense_PREAMBLE, raised s... more One month ago the author, in a document entitled Entropy of Linhart_a nonsense_PREAMBLE, raised some doubts about the ideas of G. A. Linhart. The Entropy concept is fundamental for Thermodynamics”. There are physical and mathematical interpretations. According to J. Starikov, G. Farkas and N. Schiller had better ideas than Caratheodory about the second principle of thermodynamics and ENTROPY. Moreover, again according to J. Starikov, the ACTUAL PHYSICAL SENSE (of the W. Boltzmann formula in) S = k ln (W) under the logarithm sign... finally have been clarified by Dr. Georg(e) Augustus Linhart. Here Fausto Galetto proves the nonsense related to the entropy formula of G. A. Linhart.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 22, 2018
The consequence of failures (unreliability, unavailability, costs, and customers' dissatisfaction... more The consequence of failures (unreliability, unavailability, costs, and customers' dissatisfaction) should be evaluated as early as possible during the product development phase, in order to improve the reliability, so that the product has the lowest total Life Cycle Cost (LCC) for customers. LCC depends both on the cost of reliability achievement and on the costs of restoration in service, after the failures: there are two ways, either reducing the failure rate of the parts or replacing the parts before they fail (preventive maintenance actions at suitable times to avoid failures). Preventive maintenance costs due to the down-time (for replacement) and to the expedinture for the replaced parts, but a failure could cost more because down-time is, in general, much more costly than that of replacement.We Learn from Failures (during reliability tests and use) in order to do better in future, short term, middle term, and long term. We show how to get benefit from that. We show the use of preventive replacement and find optimum value of the time interval t p as function of the cost parameters c0 and c1, the mission time interval 0-t and the reliability R(t); we show how optimise both the costs and the availability, using various cases found in the literature and in university lessons. So doing we improve the knowledge needed in practical applications. Everything is based on the Reliability Integral Theory.
Journal of Management Science & Engineering Research
Good decisions (Quality Decisions) depend on scientific analysis of data. Data are collected, gen... more Good decisions (Quality Decisions) depend on scientific analysis of data. Data are collected, generally, in two ways: 1) one sample of suitable size, 2) subsequent samples, at regular intervals of time. Often the data are considered normally distributed. This is wrong because the data must be analysed according to their distribution: Decisions are different. In several cases the data are exponentially distributed: we see how to scientifically deal with Control Charts (CC) to decide; this is opposite to what gives the T Charts that are claimed to be a good method for dealing with “rare events”: The Minitab Software (19 & 20 & 21) for “T Charts” is considered. The author will compare some methods, found in the literature with the author’s Theory RIT (Reliability Integral Theory): We will see various cases found in the literature. Classical Shewhart Control Charts and the TBE (Time Between Events) Control Charts have been considered: it appears that with RIT the future decisions will b...
Il Management ha bisogno di, e deve, accrescere la propria cultura, dato che l'esperienza da sola... more Il Management ha bisogno di, e deve, accrescere la propria cultura, dato che l'esperienza da sola, senza la teoria, non insegna nulla su ciò che si deve fare e come si deve fare per migliorare e soprattutto prevenire i problemi [idee già espresse da due grandi italiani, Leonardo e Galileo, in campi diversi dal Management]. Nella relazione saranno presentati per i manager i concetti relativi a Tetraedro del Manager Razionale, Tetraedro della Gestione, Matrice della Conoscenza, le 10 Aree Chiave, i 2 Fondamenti della Qualità, i 3 Principi della Qualità, MBITE, TQM2, Circolo Vizioso della disqualità, TQM3, la FAUSTA VIA, Approccio Integrale alla Qualità, la-Q. Essere manager non è una categoria sindacale. Tutte le Aziende, piccole, medie, grandi e la Società civile hanno bisogno di persone dotate di capacità razionali che sappiano affrontare in modo manageriale i problemi e le decisioni che si presentano. Hanno bisogno di Manager, i quali sappiano che, per decidere in modo manageriale, si devono usare le tecniche adeguate ai problemi da affrontare.
It is shown how to compute the mean cost of failures and preventive maintenance for any model and... more It is shown how to compute the mean cost of failures and preventive maintenance for any model and for any period of time and any maintenance interval. This allows to find the optimum maintenance interval. Integral Theory of Reliability, devised by F. Galetto is used. When time t is infinite, one gets the solution found in many books and papers, that do not say that their solution is valid only after an infinite number of failures.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 18, 2019
We show a new proof (probabilistic) by merging the infinite number of states into three SuperStat... more We show a new proof (probabilistic) by merging the infinite number of states into three SuperStates: the merged process is still a Markov process easily solvable. In previous papers we provided firstly a probabilistic proof of the Conjecture and secondly we analysed two probabilistic methods for the proof comparing them by the Reliability Integral Theory and the SPQR Principle; Finally we showed a proof (non-probabilistic) using Flow Graphs.
Suggested WRONG paper by an IGNORANT Peer Reviewer. How can he decide about a Quality paper?
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 13, 2016
Attending seminars, Conferences, looking at "television lessons" the author saw many times many p... more Attending seminars, Conferences, looking at "television lessons" the author saw many times many people (often Professors) that did not know the matter they were talking about; nevertheless, they author papers, suggest books to students, provide lessons, make consultancy. Visiting Companies, the author saw many times many Companies lacking Quality of Management, a huge problem against Quality achievement. Many people (often Professors) think that Quality in written documents is assured by the "Peer Review Process" carried out by members of "international scientific community", and that "Quality of teaching" is assured by their "academic standing…". To be real Managers, Present students and Company Management need to grow-up their knowledge because experience alone, without theory, teaches nothing what to do to make Quality. For Higher Education Institutions that "generate" future Managers, this means that professors MUST learn Quality ideas on Quality Management, in a correct and scientific way. All the methods, devised by F. Galetto, have been used for preventing and solving real problems in the Companies he was working for. In the paper, as already done several times, we present some cases (out of the hundreds known to the author) taken form some of the ten "Good and Reputed Journals", where professors (editors and referees, as well) were acting with disquality.
After the presentation of my paper “The Mathematics of Thermodynamics”, based on ideas of B. Finz... more After the presentation of my paper “The Mathematics of Thermodynamics”, based on ideas of B. Finzi [one of the professors at Milan Politecnico] to be found in a paper published in the “Periodico di Matematiche, serie IV, vol. XIV, 1935”, related to a Caratheodory publication in Mat. Ann., 67, 355, 1909, Berl. Ber. 39, 1935, I got an e-mail from J. Starikow who informed me that Gyula Farkas and Nikolaj Schiller were in better position than Caratheodory about the second principle of thermodynamics. Here I compare the ideas of the three authors: we hope that the truth is settled. We give also the “true” meaning of Entropy.
One month ago the author, in a document entitled Entropy of Linhart_a nonsense_PREAMBLE, raised s... more One month ago the author, in a document entitled Entropy of Linhart_a nonsense_PREAMBLE, raised some doubts about the ideas of G. A. Linhart. The Entropy concept is fundamental for Thermodynamics”. There are physical and mathematical interpretations. According to J. Starikov, G. Farkas and N. Schiller had better ideas than Caratheodory about the second principle of thermodynamics and ENTROPY. Moreover, again according to J. Starikov, the ACTUAL PHYSICAL SENSE (of the W. Boltzmann formula in) S = k ln (W) under the logarithm sign... finally have been clarified by Dr. Georg(e) Augustus Linhart. Here Fausto Galetto proves the nonsense related to the entropy formula of G. A. Linhart.
Dear professor Enoch, in my opinion you are clever and cunning. That's why I do not understand th... more Dear professor Enoch, in my opinion you are clever and cunning. That's why I do not understand the way you insist on writing nonsense on the so called Riemann Hypothesis (RH for short). I do not want to tell the readers the long story... They can find it in several of my documents about you and RH. I only provide some statements based on one of your documents/papers, that is
On 2022 May 01, I found the following e-mail (notice the next 3 rows) [they prove that opeyemi O ... more On 2022 May 01, I found the following e-mail (notice the next 3 rows) [they prove that opeyemi O Enoch is shameless!!!]: I knew about that paper since 2017. See the documents I will upload after this one… On 2022 May 04, I got a similar message!!! Hi Fausto, opeyemi O Enoch just uploaded "Obtaining the Riemann Zeta Function From its zeros : An Elementary Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis Obtaining the Riemann Zeta Function From its zeros : An Elementary Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis opeyemi O Enoch 2017
The problem Magazines and Journals do not consider for publication articles showing that some pap... more The problem Magazines and Journals do not consider for publication articles showing that some papers, "peer reviewed", they published are wrong, by a Scientific Analysis, performed according to the Scientific Method. The consequence of such an attitude: WRONG papers are spread around AND the documents showing the the ERRORS and the possible SOLUTION are thrown away!
We analyse two probabilistic methods for the proof of the conjecture and we provide a comparison ... more We analyse two probabilistic methods for the proof of the conjecture and we provide a comparison of the proofs, using the Reliability Integral Theory and the SPQR Principle.
We provide a very short and simple proof of the RC (short for "Riemann Conjecture"), using the se... more We provide a very short and simple proof of the RC (short for "Riemann Conjecture"), using the series expansion about z=1/2 of the Xi function (z) and the Hilbert spaces Theory. The proof is so simple that the author wonders why a great mathematician like Riemann did not see it; therefore F. Galetto thinks that somewhere in the purported proof there should be an error.
a more detailed proof for the Riemann Hypothesis (hoping it is right …)
Analysis2 of an Academia_edu paper on Maintenance. The paper diffuses wrong ideas.... NOTICE some... more Analysis2 of an Academia_edu paper on Maintenance.
The paper diffuses wrong ideas....
NOTICE some words from the Abstract: • one maintenance team • the process of maintenance and repair is presented as a queuing system • theory of Markov processes
AGAIN a new WRONG document of ENOCH Opeyemi.... on Zeta Functions ....
a case on DOE to show that p-values hide the information... in the "parameter ESTIMATES" and does... more a case on DOE to show that p-values hide the information... in the "parameter ESTIMATES" and does not allow to make "pooled estimations"
p-values hide the information... in the "parameter ESTIMATES"
the "Zero" issue about wrong ideas published ....
see WRONG concepts from "the American Statistician" ...
some ideas I used with my students...
Another WRONG method of very cited authors .... BMWists!!!
Statistical Process Management, 2021
the book compares the basic ideas of GIQA (Golden Integral Quality Approach) with those of QF... more the book compares the basic ideas of GIQA (Golden Integral Quality Approach) with those of QFD (Quality Function Deployment). Then it shows the completely different results achieved by the two. Also the Fuzzy QFD is considered and analysed versus Scientificness.
The last chapter compares the QFD related to a Quality Course versus the GIQA of the same Quality Course.
Six Sigma is a HOAX. It is comapred to the Golden Integra Quality Approach
Important for leaning how to avoid being cheated by incompetents
Important for leaning how to avoid being cheated by incompetents
Important for leaning how to avoid being cheated by incompetents
We show JMP that the JMP Software wrongly computes the Individuals Control Charts for Rare Events... more We show JMP that the JMP Software wrongly computes the Individuals Control Charts for Rare Events.
JMP Management MUST take Corrective Actions to Satiafy the Customers' Needs
1999, the author (FG) tried to inform the Scientific Community about the flaws in the use of Indi... more 1999, the author (FG) tried to inform the Scientific Community about the flaws in the use of Individual Control Charts (I-CC) for Process Control. I sent several papers to QREI, for several times, about the wrong papers published about Control Charts by QREI and other Journals.
We show that RIT allows to show the nonsense in the paper published by IJCOT...
We show several cases (in the literature, see the appendix) where the authors did not extract the... more We show several cases (in the literature, see the appendix) where the authors did not extract the complete information from the statistical data: the cause was the lack of knowledge of sound statistical concepts. In particular we deal with Control Charts (CC) to make full use of the information contained in the samples of CCs for TBE (Time Between Events) data exponentially distributed or, in general, not normally distributed. The formulae for Control Limits in the Shewhart CCs are based on the Normal Distribution and are not valid for non-normal distributed data: the computed Control Limits (Confidence Intervals) are wrong; consequently, the decisions about the "In Control (IC) and Out Of Control (OOC) states of the process are wrong. The Control Limits of the CCs are wrongly computed, due to unsound knowledge of the fundamental concept of Confidence Interval. Minitab and other software use the "T Charts", claimed to be a good method for dealing with "rare events", but their computed Control Limits of the CCs are wrong (Minitab, SixPack, JMP or SAS). We will show that the Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) is able to solve various problems in the estimation (and Confidence Interval evaluation) of the parameters of distributions for Control Charts. The basics of RIT fill the gap existing in the concepts and methods about RAMS and other Statistical Applications. Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) of Reliability Tests provides the correct solution for CCs. Deficiencies in products and methods generate huge cost of DIS-quality (poor quality). Any book and paper are a product (providing methods): their wrong ideas and methods generate huge cost of wrong analyses and decisions for the Companies using them.
Amazing and ridiculous Decision by Loon Ching Tang QREI, 2024
a new rejection of a paper of Fausto Galetto by Quality and Reliability Engineering International... more a new rejection of a paper of Fausto Galetto by Quality and Reliability Engineering International a Journal that publishes WRONG papers
the second document about the paper "How to extract the Maximum Information in Process Control (Q... more the second document about the paper "How to extract the Maximum Information in Process Control (QRE-24-00283)" Document for the IGNORANT Peer Reviewers (PR) and for the … Editors (Brombacher, Montgomery and Tang) of Quality and Reliability Engineering International
Peer REviewers should know the THEORY to be able to analyse SCIENTIFIC papers
Here you find many documents that need meditation about their "Quality"
We show may articles written by "well-known authors" who compute wrongly the Control Limits in In... more We show may articles written by "well-known authors" who compute wrongly the Control Limits in Individual Control Charts with NON_Normal data (in particular Exponential, Weibull, Gamma). The incompetent authors do not make full use of the information contained in the samples of CCs for TBE (Time Between Events).
Better Qualifications Better Papers_Woodall_vs_Galetto, 2024
We show that Qualifications sometimes do not assure Quality of papers...
suggested paper by an INCOMPETENT and Ignorant Peer Reviewer... How can he analyse correctly a Qu... more suggested paper by an INCOMPETENT and Ignorant Peer Reviewer...
How can he analyse correctly a Quality Paper?
Aren't you ashamed to deprive your readers of the TRUTH? The ADDENDUM provides new information ab... more Aren't you ashamed to deprive your readers of the TRUTH? The ADDENDUM provides new information about the papers suggested (references) by the Peer Reviewer (INCOMPETENT!!!) who suggested me to read, while REJECTING my paper…
We show that in this case (but also in other cases) PEER REVIEWERS are INCOMPETENT and need to st... more We show that in this case (but also in other cases) PEER REVIEWERS are INCOMPETENT and need to study GOOD THEORY.
Papers are rejected due to their IGNORANCE and lack of Knowledge of the Editros
Dear editors, I expected that you should be better than the INCOMPETENT Reviewer who made the Rev... more Dear editors, I expected that you should be better than the INCOMPETENT Reviewer who made the Review of MS# QRE-24-114, "The Problem of Information in Decision Making by Statistical Methods." of my proposed paper to QREI. He suggested the following How many wrong papers are published in QREI? See the "Ocean full of Errors by INCOMPETENTS"…
Letter to the editor of Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management
The "Ocean full of errors by Incompetents", 2023
All the papers in the following "ocean full of errors by Incompetents" have the same problem: wro... more All the papers in the following "ocean full of errors by Incompetents" have the same problem: wrong Control Limits; the authors confound the concepts, by stating that 1. LCL and UCL (that actually are the Confidence Limit!) are the limits 2. L and U of the Probability Interval. The Peer Reviewers of the Journals that published those papers are "doubly Incompetents" The Editors of the Journals that published those papers are "triply Incompetents"
The Power of Reliability Integral Theory RIT, 2022
We present the basics of RIT (Reliability Integral Theory) to fill the gap existing in the concep... more We present the basics of RIT (Reliability Integral Theory) to fill the gap existing in the concepts and methods about Reliability and Availability showing its power: cases (from books and papers) whit errors are presented due to lack of knowledge of RIT; moreover, with RIT anybody can prove that the T Charts and the reliability computations for repairable systems, used in Minitab 21 are wrong. Many definitions in books lack scientificity: all those do consider "the period of time intended" but do not consider that "the interval 0-t MUST be the period of time intended". You hardly find the definition of Interval Reliability R(t|s), where s is the age of the system/ component/unit. We introduce the Stochastic G-Processes which rule the relationships between the reliabilities Ri(t|s) related to the system states, via Integral Equations. The stochastic processes [HMP (Homogeneous Markov), NHMP (Non-Homogeneous Markov), SMP (Semi-Markov), RP (Renewal), A&RP (Age and Repair)] used for reliability analyses (to the author knowledge) are particular cases of the G-Process. We show the advantages of using RIT for economics and business: see the cases from the books.
They say that good papers are published only in "Peer Reviewed Trusted Journals (PRTJ)", while lo... more They say that good papers are published only in "Peer Reviewed Trusted Journals (PRTJ)", while low quality papers are published in the "Predatory Publishing Journals". Here we use some cases to show that this is not true, because the quality of papers depends on the quality of the authors in the same manner that quality of teaching depends on the quality of professors. It seems that Peer Reviewers and Editors did not take care of the quality of published papers, because they missed Quality of Methods (Deming, Juran, Gell-Mann, Shewhart, Einstein, Galilei). This is very diffused in documents about Confidence Intervals and Control Charts [especially for Rare Events, where the data are assumed to follow the Weibull (or exponential) distribution]. Since generally the authors are professors it is important to see the two sides of the "publishing medal": authors and professors. Software (JMP, Minitab, SAS, …) get wrong Control Limits and do not find that processes are Out Of Control: this causes costs of disquality. The cases analysed here are from PRT Journals and teaching documents.
We show several errors in the paper Improving the Reliability...."
we show again that Peer Reviewers and editors are incompetent
The way some people act ...
Appreciation of PHILCO IT President of Fausto Galetto work about QUALITY
Letter to Gianni Agnelli about FERRARI drawbaks
............... where is Quality?
open letter to ENOCH Opeyemi in order to understand his Mathematics... Dec-17-2018
We show several cases (in the literature, see the appendix) where the authors did not extract the... more We show several cases (in the literature, see the appendix) where the authors did not extract the complete information from the statistical data: the cause was the lack of knowledge of sound statistical concepts. In particular we deal with Control Charts (CC) to make full use of the information contained in the samples of CCs for TBE (Time Between Events) data exponentially distributed or, in general, not normally distributed. The formulae for Control Limits in the Shewhart CCs are based on the Normal Distribution and are not valid for non-normal distributed data: the computed Control Limits (Confidence Intervals) are wrong; consequently, the decisions about the "In Control (IC) and Out Of Control (OOC) states of the process are wrong. The Control Limits of the CCs are wrongly computed, due to unsound knowledge of the fundamental concept of Confidence Interval. Minitab and other software use the "T Charts", claimed to be a good method for dealing with "rare events", but their computed Control Limits of the CCs are wrong (Minitab, SixPack, JMP or SAS). We will show that the Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) is able to solve various problems in the estimation (and Confidence Interval evaluation) of the parameters of distributions for Control Charts. The basics of RIT fill the gap existing in the concepts and methods about RAMS and other Statistical Applications. Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) of Reliability Tests provides the correct solution for CCs. Deficiencies in products and methods generate huge cost of DIS-quality (poor quality). Any book and paper are a product (providing methods): their wrong ideas and methods generate huge costs of wrong analyses and decisions for the Companies using them.
Quality Decisions about Times Between Events data, using Control Charts
Effective and scientific methods for measurement of performance and results, is the absolute cond... more Effective and scientific methods for measurement of performance and results, is the absolute condition to achieve Quality and Excellence. To get that, Culture is fundamental: Quality Management entails that “quality characteristics” have to be measured and good methods for “correct” data analysis are needed. Here we deal with Control Charts (CC) when the data are exponentially distributed. We will use the data taken from published documents (books and papers) dealing with CC based several times on the same data of Time Between Events (TBE). Since T Charts are claimed to be a good method for dealing with “rare events”, we consider, as well, the Minitab Software for “T Charts”. We will compare the various proposed methods with the Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) of Reliability Tests, for various cases found in the literature. In order to reduce the paper length we cannot provide the author’s ideas related to those of W. Shewhart about the Control Charts; the reader can appreciate the big difference between the Shewhart Control Charts and the TBE Control Charts by reading the author’s books. Doing that the future decisions of the Decision Makers will be sounder when the data are not normally distributed.
We deal with Control Charts (CC) when the data are exponentially distributed. We will use the dat... more We deal with Control Charts (CC) when the data are exponentially distributed. We will use the data taken from the book of D. C. Montgomery Introduction to Statistical Quality Control which is also an example of two papers dealing with CC based on a method “Box-plot” for Time Between Events (TBE). Since T Charts are claimed to be a good method for dealing with “rare events”, we consider, as well, the Minitab Software for “T Charts”. We will compare the two methods, “Box-plot” and “T Charts” with the Reliability Integral Theory (RIT) of Reliability Tests, for various cases found in the literature. In order to reduce the paper length we cannot provide the author’s ideas related to those of W. Shewhart about the Control Charts; the reader can appreciate the big difference between the Shewhart Control Charts and the TBE Control Charts by reading the author’s books. Doing that the future decisions of the Decision Makers will be sounder when the data are not normally distributed.
This paper is originated by the “wrong results related to T Charts” when the data are exponential... more This paper is originated by the “wrong results related to T Charts” when the data are exponentially distributed. We will use the data taken from the book of D. C. Montgomery Introduction to Statistical Quality Control and the Minitab Software “T Charts”, assuming that T Charts are the good method to deal with “rare events”. We will analyse the theory for the T Charts and compare it with the Theory of Reliability Tests. We use as well data from two papers. In order to reduce the paper length, we cannot provide the author’s ideas related to those of W. Shewhart about the Control Charts; the reader can appreciate the big difference between the Shewhart Control Charts and the T Charts by reading the author’s books. Doing that the future decisions of the Decision Makers be sounder when the data are not normally distributed.
Dear Professor Marcus B. Perry PhD 1. University of Alabama 2. Department of Information Systems,... more Dear Professor Marcus B. Perry PhD
1. University of Alabama
2. Department of Information Systems, Statistics and Management Science
3. Prof. Marcus Perry
4. Editor in Chief, Quality Engineering
5. mperry@cba.ua.edu, mbperry@ua.edu
Being you a Teacher of Statistics (with many courses) and Editor in Chief of Quality Engineering you are expected to be better than many (Ignorant) Certified Master Black Belts and Students (studying Probability and Statistics in Engineering Curricula) who use blindly Minitab Software.
The same is expected from any of YOUR editorial review board (ERB) members…
Moreover, YOU are expected to be better than many of YOUR (Ignorant) ERB ….
Unfortunately …
I know some of your followers and some of your citers: I rate them "Low quality"…..
Statistics is used in Physics: Six Sigma can be useful if properly applied; therefore scientists ... more Statistics is used in Physics: Six Sigma can be useful if properly applied; therefore scientists have to take into account the “correct” ideas. The document shows the ideas of the author to overcome the deep ignorance on Quality as it is found in many books dealing with Statistical Quality Control and Six Sigma. It is evident that there are many types of falseness provided by the “6 SigMONA practitioners”: they rob money from their clients that are not aware of that. When the 6 BMWists say “A company’s performance is measured by the sigma level of their business processes” they lie: they do not know that, IF they compute s from the company’s data, they know the estimate s (NOT ) AND s is never equal to ! The 1st falseness is the statement “variation is the enemy of Quality”. The 2nd falseness is the statement “variability reduction is Quality”. The 3rd falseness is the wide-spread use of the “Normal Distribution”. The 4th falseness is the statement “the number of defectives is 3.4 ppm”. The “6 SigMONA movement” does not deal properly with problem prevention, as on the contrary is done by GIQA. Scientificness is absent in the “6 SigMONA applications” as shown in the authors books.
Master Black Belts INCOMPETENCE, 2 cases for MBB, 2018
The following two cases, related to Control Charts, are taken from two books • MONTGOMERY D.C. (1... more The following two cases, related to Control Charts, are taken from two books
• MONTGOMERY D.C. (1996), Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Wiley & Sons (many drawbacks)
• CASCINI E. (2009), Sei Sigma per docenti in 14 capitoli, RCE Multimedia
Both these authors consider SIX SIGMA a great advance in Quality Management.
Many other people think the same!!!
Six Sigma is very popular and hyped: it is considered the panacea of all the Disquality problems (Disquality=contrary of Quality). It became popular due to mainly the “advertising” of two important CEOs, Bob Galvin (Motorola’s CEO nearly the mid-1980s) and Jack Welch (General Electric): they did not know how far they were from Quality!
To date (October 2018), I met more than 60 Six Sigma “so called” experts (are they?) who were and are completely ignorant about Quality and Reliability matters: in any case they have been Certified Black Belts (or Master Black Belts) and members of Six Sigma Academies (SSA).
Scientificness Matters in papers about TBE Control Charts, 2022
Several authors write about “Rare Events” data, with data are exponentially distributed. They sen... more Several authors write about “Rare Events” data, with data are exponentially distributed. They send their papers, on Control Charts for TBE (Time Between Events), to “Good and Reputed Journals or Magazines”, such as Quality and Reliability Engineering International, Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, Quality Technology & Quantitative Management, Journal of Quality Technology, Reliability Engineering & System Safety, Quality Engineering, Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, and other, whose Editors “Good and Reputed”. The papers are “Peer Reviewed by Good and Reputed Referees”. Therefore any reader should expect that those papers are “Scientific and based on Scientific Theory”. On the contrary, the papers are WRONG. The letters sent to the Editors are not yet been published: the papers are wrong and obviously the Editors cannot acknowledge that. Good decisions (Quality Decisions) depend on Scientific analysis of data: data must be analysed according their distribution: decisions are different, because they depend on the data distribution. This document is the first of a collection of the author’s papers raising the problem of WRONG TBE Control Charts. The reader will appreciate the big difference between the Shewhart Control Charts and the TBE Control Charts: doing that, the future decisions of the Decision Makers will be both sounder and cheaper, when the data are not normally distributed. The novelty of all the papers is due to the Scientific Way of Computing the Control Limits of the Control Charts, both with Normal distributed data and with Exponential distributed data. In this way a lot of wrong published papers “on Time Between Events” are to be discarded.