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Papers by Fay Menacker

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 18, 2002

This report presents 2001 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Dat... more This report presents 2001 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco, and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. De...

Obstetric Anesthesia Digest, 2010

National Vital Statistics Reports from the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention National Center For Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System, Oct 28, 2009

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 2006 data on new checkbox items exclusive to the 2003 U.S. Stand... more OBJECTIVES: This report presents 2006 data on new checkbox items exclusive to the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth. Information is shown for checkboxes in the following categories: "risk factors in this pregnancy," "obstetric procedures," "characteristics of labor and delivery," "method of delivery," "abnormal conditions of the newborn," and "congenital anomalies of the newborn." These categories are included on both the 1989 and the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificates of Live Birth; however, many of the specific checkboxes were modified, or are new to the 2003 certificate. Data on selected new (not modified) checkboxes are presented in this report.METHODS: Descriptive statistics are presented on births occurring in 2006 to residents of the 19 states that had implemented the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth as of January 1, 2006.RESULTS: There were 2,073,368 births to residents of the 19-state reporting area, representing 49 percent of 2006 U.S. births. The rate of prepregnancy diabetes was 6.8 per 1,000 births and gestational diabetes was 38.7; risk of both types of diabetes rose rapidly with advancing maternal age. Cervical cerclage was reported at a rate of 2.9 per 1,000. External cephalic version was used in 3.2 of every 1,000 births; its success rate decreased with increasing maternal age. Almost all attempts at forceps or vacuum delivery were successful. About 25 percent of women who had a cesarean delivery attempted a trial of labor. Fifteen percent of women received antibiotics during labor. Rates for antenatal steroids (8.4) and surfactant replacement therapy (3.2) decreased with increasing gestational age. Large differences by race and Hispanic origin were generally seen for the receipt of steroids and surfactant replacement therapy regardless of gestational age. Six percent of all infants were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

National Vital Statistics Reports from the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention National Center For Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System, Dec 27, 2001

OBJECTIVES: This report presents trends in rates of cesarean delivery and rates of vaginal birth ... more OBJECTIVES: This report presents trends in rates of cesarean delivery and rates of vaginal birth after previous cesarean (VBAC) delivery for 1991-99. Data for the United States showing trends by maternal age, race/ethnicity, and State are presented. Also trends in cesarean rates by selected maternal characteristics, medical risk factors, and complications of labor and/or delivery are shown. A brief explanation of the Healthy People 2010 objective regarding cesarean and VBAC rates for low-risk women is also included. Summary statistics for 2000 based on preliminary data are also included, but most tabular and text information is based on detailed final statistics for 1999.METHODS: Cesarean and VBAC rates were computed based on the information reported on birth certificates.RESULTS: The U.S. cesarean rate dropped 8 percent between 1991 and 1996 (from 22.6 to 20.7 per 100 births) but then increased 6 percent between 1996 and 1999 (to 22.0); preliminary data show that the rate increased again by 4 percent between 1999 and 2000 (to 22.9). The decline between 1991 and 1996 was present for women of all ages but was most pronounced for those under 30 years of age. The decline was greatest for non-Hispanic white women, 10 percent, compared with a 7-percent decline for Hispanic women and only a 1-percent decline for non-Hispanic black women. All groups experienced increases in cesarean rates of about 6 to 7 percent between 1996 and 1999. The increase in cesarean rates between 1996 and 1999 was greatest for women 30 years of age and over. The VBAC rate increased 33 percent between 1991 and 1996 (from 21.3 to 28.3 per 100 births to women with a previous cesarean) but then fell 17 percent between 1996 and 1999 (to 23.4). The dramatic increase in VBAC rates between 1991 and 1996, followed by the subsequent decline, was experienced by women of all ages and for each major race/ethnicity group. Similar trends in cesarean rates were present for nearly all States and for most medical risk factors and complications of labor and/or delivery.

National Vital Statistics Reports from the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention National Center For Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System, May 1, 2007

This is the first report to present maternal and infant health information exclusive to the 2003 ... more This is the first report to present maternal and infant health information exclusive to the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth. Information is shown for the items: Risk factors in this pregnancy, Obstetric procedures, Characteristics of labor and delivery, Method of delivery, Abnormal conditions of the newborn, and Congenital anomalies of the newborn. These items are included on both the 1989 and the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth; however, many of the specific checkboxes were modified, or are new to the 2003 certificate. The new checkboxes are the focus of this report. Descriptive tabulations are presented on births occurring in 2004 to residents of the seven states (Idaho, Kentucky, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington), which implemented the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth as of January 1, 2004. There were 571,858 births to residents of the seven-state area in 2004 (14 percent of all U.S. births). Gestational and prepregnancy diabetes were reported at rates of 44.0 and 7.2 per 1,000; levels for both types of diabetes increased steadily with maternal age. One percent (1.4) of births were reported to have resulted from infertility therapies; nearly all (90 percent) of the infertility therapy-related births were to non-Hispanic white mothers. More than one-half of all attempts at external cephalic version successfully converted the infant to vertex position. Steroids for fetal lung maturation were administered prior to delivery to 13 of every 1,000 newborns and were inversely associated with gestational age. More than two-thirds of all women received epidurals to help control the pain of labor. A trial of labor was reportedly attempted for 36 percent of all women who then had a cesarean delivery. Six percent of singletons, one-third of all twins, and more than three-fourths of triplets were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at delivery (Figure 1). The most frequently reported congenital anomalies were cyanotic heart disease (81 per 100,000 infants) and hypospadias (174 per 100,000 male births).

National Vital Statistics Reports from the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention National Center For Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System, Feb 29, 2008

OBJECTIVES: This report presents data for 2005 on checkbox items exclusive to the 2003 U.S. Stand... more OBJECTIVES: This report presents data for 2005 on checkbox items exclusive to the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth. Information is shown for checkboxes in the following categories: Risk factors in this pregnancy, Obstetric procedures, Characteristics of labor and delivery, Method of delivery, Abnormal conditions of the newborn, and Congenital anomalies of the newborn. These categories are included on both the 1989 and the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth; however, many of the specific checkbox items were modified, or are new to the 2003 certificate. Data on selected new checkbox items are presented in this report.METHODS: Descriptive tabulations are presented on births occurring in 2005 to residents of the 12 states (Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York (excluding New York City), Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington), which implemented the 2003 U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth as of January 1, 2005.RESULTS: There were 1,268,502 births to residents of the 12-state area in 2005 (31 percent of all U.S. births). Gestational and prepregnancy diabetes were reported at rates of 39.3 and 6.9 per 1,000. Infants of women with diabetes, especially prepregnancy diabetes, were more likely to be high birthweight and to be admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) than infants of women without diabetes. The rate of cervical cerclage was 3.7 per 1,000; this procedure was used more frequently in twin and higher order births than in singleton births. Almost all attempts at forceps or vacuum delivery (almost 99 percent) were successful. Almost one-third of all women who had a cesarean delivery had attempted a trial of labor. Antibiotics were given to 17 percent of women during labor. Steroids (glucocorticoids) for fetal lung maturation were received prior to delivery by 1 percent of all mothers. Surfactant replacement therapy was received by newborns at a rate of 3.7 per 1,000; rates were higher for infants delivered very preterm (less than 32 weeks of gestation). Large differences by race and Hispanic origin were seen for the receipt of steroids and for surfactant replacement therapy. More than 6 percent of all infants were admitted to a NICU. Nearly one-half of all singleton infants admitted to a NICU were delivered at term. Cyanotic congenital heart disease (56.9 per 100,000 infants) and hypospadias (126.2 per 100,000 male births only) were among the most frequently reported congenital anomalies.

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 15, 2015

This report presents 2013 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Dat... more This report presents 2013 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, marital status, attendant at birth, method of delivery, period of gestation, birthweight, and plurality. Birth and fertility rates are presented by age, live-birth order, race and Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's state of residence and birth rates by age and race of father also are shown. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 3.93 million U.S. births that occurred in 2013 are presented. A total of 3,932,181 births were registered in the United States in 2013, down less than 1% from 2012. The general fertility rate declined to 62.5 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. The teen birth rate fell 10%, to 26.5 per 1,000 women aged 15-19. Birth rates declined ...

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 3, 2010

This report examines trends and characteristics of out-of-hospital and home births in the United ... more This report examines trends and characteristics of out-of-hospital and home births in the United States. Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. In 2006, there were 38,568 out-of-hospital births in the United States, including 24,970 home births and 10,781 births occurring in a freestanding birthing center. After a gradual decline from 1990 to 2004, the percentage of out-of-hospital births increased by 3% from 0.87% in 2004 to 0.90% in 2005 and 2006. A similar pattern was found for home births. After a gradual decline from 1990 to 2004, the percentage of home births increased by 5% to 0.59% in 2005 and remained steady in 2006. Compared with the U.S. average, home birth rates were higher for non-Hispanic white women, married women, women aged 25 and over, and women with several previous children. Home births were less likely than hospital births to be preterm, low birthweight, or multiple deliveries. The percentage of home births was 74% higher in rural countie...

NCHS data brief

Data from the Natality Data File, National Vital Statistics System. The cesarean rate rose by 53%... more Data from the Natality Data File, National Vital Statistics System. The cesarean rate rose by 53% from 1996 to 2007, reaching 32%, the highest rate ever reported in the United States. From 1996 to 2007, the cesarean rate increased for mothers in all age and racial and Hispanic origin groups. The pace of the increase accelerated from 2000 to 2007. Cesarean rates also increased for infants at all gestational ages; from 1996 to 2006 preterm infants had the highest rates. Cesarean rates increased for births to mothers in all U.S. states, and by more than 70% in six states from 1996 to 2007.

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 19, 2007

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 24, 2004

This report presents 2002 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death d... more This report presents 2002 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data file by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. The linked file differs from the mortality file, which is based entirely on death certificate data. Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. The U.S. infant mortality rate increased from 6.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2001 to 7.0 in 2002. The rate for infants of non-Hispanic white mothers was 5.7 in 2001 compared with 5.8 in 2002. The rate for infants of non-Hispanic black mothers was 13.5 in 2001 compared with 13.9 in 2002. Neither of the changes for non-Hispanic white nor non-Hispanic black was significant. Between 2001 and 2002, overall cause-specific rates increased 5 percent for low birthweight and 14 percent for maternal complications. The rate rose significantly for infants of mothers who smoked, 10.5 to 11.1. It also increased significantly from 10.7 to 11.5 for infants of mothers aged ...

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 15, 2004

This report presents the number and rate of U.S. births for 10-14 year olds, for 1990-2002 by rac... more This report presents the number and rate of U.S. births for 10-14 year olds, for 1990-2002 by race and Hispanic origin and by State. Pregnancy risk factors and outcomes by selected maternal and infant characteristics are shown. Tabular and graphical descriptions of births and infant deaths to 10-14 year olds are presented based on information reported on birth and death certificates for the United States and each State. 7,315 females aged 10-14 years delivered a live birth in 2002. The rate of births to 10-14 year olds was 0.7 per 1,000 in 2002, half of the rate during 1989-94. This rate peaked in 1989 (1.4 per 1,000). For 1990-94 the rate remained at 1.4, and then began a steady decline to 0.7 per 1,000 in 2002. Large declines in young teenage childbearing were seen among all racial and ethnic subgroups, as well as almost all States. These young mothers were least likely to receive timely prenatal care compared with mothers of older age groups. Compared with infants of mothers aged...

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 15, 2003

This report presents 2001 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death d... more This report presents 2001 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set (linked file) by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. Infant mortality rates ranged from 3.2 per 1,000 live births for Chinese mothers to 13.3 for black mothers. Among Hispanics, rates ranged from 4.2 for Cuban mothers to 8.5 for Puerto Rican mothers. Infant mortality rates were higher for those infants whose mothers were born in the 50 States and the District of Columbia, were unmarried, or smoked during pregnancy. Infant mortality was also higher for male infants, multiple births, and infants born preterm or at low birthweight. The three leading causes of infant death--Congenital malformations, low birthweight, and Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--taken together accounted for 44 percent of all infant deaths. Cause-specific mortality rates varied considerably by race and Hispanic origin. For infants ...

National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System

Objectives-This report presents 2000 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of character... more Objectives-This report presents 2000 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted.

National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System

National Vital Statistics Reports from the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention National Center For Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System, 2004

This report presents 2002 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Dat... more This report presents 2002 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, tobacco, and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 4.022 million births that occurred in 2002 are presented. Denominators for population-based rates are derived from the 2000 U.S. census. Rates for 1991-2001 may differ from those published previously based on the 1990 U.S. census. There were 4,021,726 live births in 2002, essentially unchanged from 2001. The birth rate, fertility rate, and total fertility rates all declined 1 percent in 2002. The teenage birth rate dropped 5 percent, reaching another record low. The birth rates for women 20-24 years declined, whereas the rate for women 25-29 years was stable. The birth rate for women 30-34 years declined, but the rate for women 35-44 years continued to rise. Births to unmarried women changed very little. Smoking during pregnancy was down again. The timeliness of prenatal care continued to improve. The cesarean delivery rate climbed to the highest level ever reported in the United States (26.1 percent) and the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean plummeted 23 percent to 12.6 percent. Preterm and low birthweight levels both rose for 2002. The twin birth rate continued to climb, but the rate of triplet/+ births was down slightly.

National Vital Statistics Reports from the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention National Center For Health Statistics National Vital Statistics System, Sep 8, 2005

This report presents 2003 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Dat... more This report presents 2003 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, and tobacco and alcohol use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, complications of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, abnormal conditions, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s State of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Descriptive tabulations of data reported on the birth certificates of the 4.09 million births that occurred in 2003 are presented. Denominators for population-based rates are derived from the U.S. 2000 census. In 2003 there were 4,089,950 live births reported in the United States, 2 percent more than the number in 2002. The crude birth rate (CBR) and general fertility rate (GFR) rose slightly. Childbearing among teenagers declined for the 12th straight year to another historic low. Birth rates for women aged 20-24 years also declined, whereas rates for women aged 25-44 years increased 2-6 percent, reaching highs not reported since the mid- to late 1960s. All measures of unmarried childbearing increased considerably in 2003, but smoking during pregnancy continued to decline. Timely initiation of prenatal care improved slightly. The cesarean delivery rate jumped another 5 percent to another all-time high, and the rate of vaginal birth after previous cesarean dropped 16 percent, an all-time low. Key measures of birth outcome-the percentages of preterm and low birthweight (LBW) births-rose. The twinning rate increased, but the rate of triplet and higher order multiple births was essentially stable.

National vital statistics reports: from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System

Objectives-This report presents 2004 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of character... more Objectives-This report presents 2004 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, and tobacco use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, characteristics of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant provided computer programming support and statistical tables. Yashodhara

National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Jan 5, 2007

This report presents 2005 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Dat... more This report presents 2005 data on U.S. births according to a wide variety of characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, and educational attainment; maternal lifestyle and health characteristics (medical risk factors, weight gain, and tobacco use); medical care utilization by pregnant women (prenatal care, obstetric procedures, characteristics of labor and/or delivery, attendant at birth, and method of delivery); and infant characteristics (period of gestation, birthweight, Apgar score, congenital anomalies, and multiple births). Also presented are birth and fertility rates by age, live-birth order, race, Hispanic origin, and marital status. Selected data by mother's state of residence are shown, as well as data on month and day of birth, sex ratio, and age of father. Trends in fertility patterns and maternal and infant characteristics are described and interpreted. Descripti...