Felix Inchausti - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Felix Inchausti

Therapists self-disclose when they reveal personal information to the patient. Literature reports... more Therapists self-disclose when they reveal personal information to the patient. Literature reports motivations for using self-disclosure and which information is more appropriate for this purpose. In spite of the potential usefulness of this strategy, indications about how to make it are often unclear and contradict each other. There is no a current and consistent rationale for deciding when to selfdisclose and with which purposes. In particular, information is lacking about how to deliver self-disclosure on the basis of case-formulation. We contend here that in order to self-disclose therapists must form predictions about what benefits they could achieve thanks to an understanding of patients' maladaptive interpersonal schemas, interpersonal cycles active in session, patients' metacognitive capacities and the motives that guide the patients in each specific moment. A detailed case example is used in order to explain how Metacognitive Interpersonal therapists deliver self-dis...

Resumen es: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto acercar al profesional de la psicologia los ult... more Resumen es: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto acercar al profesional de la psicologia los ultimos avances desarrollados en el campo de la evaluacion de los sinto...

The Encuesta Nacional de Salud España 2006 [Spain National Health Survey 2006], conducted with th... more The Encuesta Nacional de Salud España 2006 [Spain National Health Survey 2006], conducted with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Goodman, 1997), indicated that between 19.2 and 26.6% of Spanish children and adolescents between the ages of 4 and 15 years old were at risk of mental health problems (Fajardo, León, Felipe, & Ribeiro, 2012). Previous studies carried out in Spain show similar prevalence rates of behavioural and emotional symptoms and disorders, both in the general population (Blanco et al., 2015; Bones, Pérez, Rodríguez-Sanz, Borrell, & Obiols, 2010; Haro et al., 2006) and in the child population (Cuesta et al., 2015; Diaz de Neira et al., 2015; Fonseca-Pedrero, Paino, Lemos-Giraldez, & Muñiz, 2012; Ortuño, Fonseca-Pedrero, Paino, & Aritio-Solana, 2014). Considering the possible methodological differences, these rates are similar to those found in epidemiological studies worldwide (Olfson, Blanco, Wang, Laje, & Correll, 2014; Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Ca...

heterogeneous clinical entities that are considered to be a major health and social problem. The ... more heterogeneous clinical entities that are considered to be a major health and social problem. The psychotic spectrum disorders are among the ten leading causes of disability in the age group of 10-24 years (Gore et al., 2011), representing the "brain disorder" that generates the third most costs in Europe (Olesen, Gustavsson, Svensson, Wittchen, & Jönsson, 2012). This syndrome usually occurs in adolescence and early adulthood, and it affects 2-3% of the population (Perälä et al., 2007). Specifically, the estimated mean prevalence of schizophrenia is 4 per 1,000 people, while the mean incidence is 15.2 per 100,000 people (McGrath, Saha, Chant, & Welham, 2008). Beyond these figures, the impact that a psychotic episode has on the life of the individuals who suffer from it and their families compels both researchers and clinicians to continue to direct all their efforts into investigating this group of disorders. Only a fuller understanding of the nature of psychosis, which con...

episode of psychosis (FEP) is most likely one of the chimeras of psychology. Obviously, the idea ... more episode of psychosis (FEP) is most likely one of the chimeras of psychology. Obviously, the idea of preventing psychosis syndrome is not new. Almost a century ago, Emil Kraeplin (1919) observed that many of his patients, between 50-70% of them, had psychic peculiarities since childhood, such as, for example, a shy, withdrawn, and solitary character. Back then, in his writings he hinted at the possibility of detecting behaviors –prior to developing the disorder– that could be seen as “the doorway” to schizophrenia. Well, at the dawn of the 21st century, it seems that the prevention of psychotic spectrum disorders has become a somewhat more real possibility. The advances that have taken place in recent years have been astonishing. The optimism associated with the eventual prevention of a FEP has caused an explosion in the number of scientific studies, books, research projects, associations (e.g., IEPA Early Intervention in Mental Health) and screening and early intervention programs a...

Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) is the most prevalent diagnosis amongst the personality disor... more Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) is the most prevalent diagnosis amongst the personality disorders. However, it remains under-researched, and few psychotherapeutic approaches have proven effectiveness in treating the disorder. Focusing on specific elements of psychopathology may therefore help in refining treatments for this disorder. Here we present a case where Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) was used to directly address the negative metacognitive schemas held by clients with APD. We also describe the theoretical background of MIT and why it may be effective in the psychotherapeutic treatment of APD.

espanolEl Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es una herramienta de screening que pe... more espanolEl Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es una herramienta de screening que permite la evaluacion de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales asi como del comportamiento prosocial en la infancia y adolescencia, desde una perspectiva multi-informante. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revision selectiva de las caracteristicas epidemiologicas asi como de las principales evidencias a nivel psicometrico del SDQ. Las propiedades psicometricas referidas a la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones son adecuadas y el modelo dimensional de cinco factores (Problemas Emocionales, Problemas Conductuales, Problemas con los Companeros, Hiperactividad y Prosocial) es el mas ampliamente replicado. Asimismo, se han obtenido evidencias de validez que apoyan la utilidad de este instrumento de medida para su uso en el contexto escolar y clinico. Los resultados tambien indican que el genero y la edad influyen en la expresion fenotipica de las dificultades emocionales y compo...

The main objective of this work was to establish the normative data of the Prodromal Questionnair... more The main objective of this work was to establish the normative data of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. A total of 3,441 adolescents (M = 15.91 years, SD = 1.33 years) were selected by sampling stratified by clusters. The results showed that the point prevalence of psychotic-like experiences varied between 12% and 48%. An 82.9% of the sample reported at least one attenuated psychotic-like experience. Percentile norms were made for the total score and according to gender. The PQ-B is a brief, simple, useful measuring instrument with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of subclinical psychosis phenotype in the Spanish adolescent population. It is transcendental that the psychologists have adequate tools for a reliable and valid assessment of this phenomenon in order to make informed decisions and optimize educational and socio-health resources.

204 nterpersonal difficulties have been widely described in individuals with psychosis spectrum d... more 204 nterpersonal difficulties have been widely described in individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders and, specifically, they are a major feature of schizophrenia (Bellack, Mueser, Gingerich, & Agresta, 2004). These difficulties include, for example, problems in conversing, managing conflict, or acting assertively with family, friends, community members, or co-workers (Bellack et al., 2007). As a result, social skills training (SST) is considered an essential part of the schizophrenia treatment and its inclusion is recommended in multiple clinical guidelines for the disorder (Almerie et al., 2015; Dixon et al., 2010). The main purpose of the present article is to present to clinical psychology professionals the Spanish adaptation of the Metacognition-Oriented SST program (MOSST) recently developed by Ottavi et al. (2014a). With this aim, the article is structured in five subsections. Firstly, the main intervention METACOGNITION-ORIENTED SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING (MOSST): THEORETICA...

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2020

Background Healthy metacognition involves several capacities, including the ability to integrate ... more Background Healthy metacognition involves several capacities, including the ability to integrate information about the self and others in order to formulate ways of coping with social challenges and psychological distress. Multiple studies have demonstrated that reduced general metacognitive capacity is predictive of the development and persistence of overall negative symptom burden. However, there have been no published analyses investigating how specific sub-components of metacognition influence the expression of individual negative symptoms. We aggregated individual participant data from studies reporting measures of subtypes of metacognitive functioning and examined the strength of association with specific negative symptoms. Methods PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and grey literature databases were searched for eligible studies. Forwards and backwards citation searching and contacting of study authors revealed additional datasets not identified in the original searc...

Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers, 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una actualización en el campo de la prevención de los tr... more El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una actualización en el campo de la prevención de los trastornos del espectro psicótico, concretamente en detección precoz e intervención temprana. En primer lugar, se aborda la conceptualización del síndrome de psicosis y su prevención. A continuación, se comentan los diferentes procedimientos e instrumentos de medida para la evaluación de la supuesta condición de riesgo. Seguidamente, se revisan las intervenciones tempranas disponibles en psicosis, se expone el modelo de estadificación, se examina la eficacia de tales intervenciones y se comentan algunas limitaciones y propuestas de modificación. Se dibujan algunas debilidades y fortalezas en este campo así como sus perspectivas futuras. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se realiza una breve recapitulación.

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 2020

The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact ... more The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In this paper we provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. We identify three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis we suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. We also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions.

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 2020

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 2020

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2019

Abstract Background Social cognition includes a range of cognitive processes that help individual... more Abstract Background Social cognition includes a range of cognitive processes that help individuals understand how others think and feel. Recent proposals outline the relevance of this cognitive domain in a broad set of clinical pictures, as well as its diagnostic and prognostic value. In this study, we present the Spanish validation of the Reading the Mind in the Voice (RMV-SV) task, (Rutherford et al., 2002), an instrument for the recognition of mental states and complex emotions through prosody. Method A group of adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, n = 45) were compared to a control group from the general population (n = 51) in several emotion-recognition tasks. Results The ASD group performed worse than controls overall on complex emotion and mental state recognition from voices (ŋ2 = .322; p Conclusions The results confirmed the alteration of the recognition of mental states and complex emotions by prosody among adults diagnosed with ASD. The RMV-SV showed suitable validity and reliability indexes, so the adapted task could facilitate the evaluation of complex emotion recognition through prosody in Spanish.

Ansiedad y Estrés, 2019

Abstract Introduction Routine outcome monitoring or systematic client feedback (SCF) continues to... more Abstract Introduction Routine outcome monitoring or systematic client feedback (SCF) continues to garner empirical support. The Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) is one application of SCF with significant research support but no studies have been conducted in Spain. This investigation describes the effects of PCOMS in routine practice via a comparison to published PCOMS studies. Material and methods In a retrospective observational study, PCOMS was implemented with 42 clients treated in routine psychotherapy. Outcomes were measured by the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and descriptively compared to PCOMS studies included in a meta-analysis and a PCOMS benchmarking study regarding reliable and/or clinically significant change, no change, and deterioration. Results The current study achieved similar rates of reliable and clinically significant change (73.8%) to the benchmarking study (65.6%) and the RCTs (67.5%). Regarding no change rates, the current study (23.8%) mirrored results of the RCTs (25.6%) and was better than the benchmarking study (35.4%). The current study incurred a low 2.4% deterioration rate compared to a 10.7% and 7.0% rate of the benchmarking study and RCTs, respectively. Conclusions While not without flaws, this pilot study offers some evidence that the improved outcomes associated with PCOMS may also occur in psychotherapy settings in Spain.

Therapists self-disclose when they reveal personal information to the patient. Literature reports... more Therapists self-disclose when they reveal personal information to the patient. Literature reports motivations for using self-disclosure and which information is more appropriate for this purpose. In spite of the potential usefulness of this strategy, indications about how to make it are often unclear and contradict each other. There is no a current and consistent rationale for deciding when to selfdisclose and with which purposes. In particular, information is lacking about how to deliver self-disclosure on the basis of case-formulation. We contend here that in order to self-disclose therapists must form predictions about what benefits they could achieve thanks to an understanding of patients' maladaptive interpersonal schemas, interpersonal cycles active in session, patients' metacognitive capacities and the motives that guide the patients in each specific moment. A detailed case example is used in order to explain how Metacognitive Interpersonal therapists deliver self-dis...

Resumen es: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto acercar al profesional de la psicologia los ult... more Resumen es: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto acercar al profesional de la psicologia los ultimos avances desarrollados en el campo de la evaluacion de los sinto...

The Encuesta Nacional de Salud España 2006 [Spain National Health Survey 2006], conducted with th... more The Encuesta Nacional de Salud España 2006 [Spain National Health Survey 2006], conducted with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (Goodman, 1997), indicated that between 19.2 and 26.6% of Spanish children and adolescents between the ages of 4 and 15 years old were at risk of mental health problems (Fajardo, León, Felipe, & Ribeiro, 2012). Previous studies carried out in Spain show similar prevalence rates of behavioural and emotional symptoms and disorders, both in the general population (Blanco et al., 2015; Bones, Pérez, Rodríguez-Sanz, Borrell, & Obiols, 2010; Haro et al., 2006) and in the child population (Cuesta et al., 2015; Diaz de Neira et al., 2015; Fonseca-Pedrero, Paino, Lemos-Giraldez, & Muñiz, 2012; Ortuño, Fonseca-Pedrero, Paino, & Aritio-Solana, 2014). Considering the possible methodological differences, these rates are similar to those found in epidemiological studies worldwide (Olfson, Blanco, Wang, Laje, & Correll, 2014; Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Ca...

heterogeneous clinical entities that are considered to be a major health and social problem. The ... more heterogeneous clinical entities that are considered to be a major health and social problem. The psychotic spectrum disorders are among the ten leading causes of disability in the age group of 10-24 years (Gore et al., 2011), representing the "brain disorder" that generates the third most costs in Europe (Olesen, Gustavsson, Svensson, Wittchen, & Jönsson, 2012). This syndrome usually occurs in adolescence and early adulthood, and it affects 2-3% of the population (Perälä et al., 2007). Specifically, the estimated mean prevalence of schizophrenia is 4 per 1,000 people, while the mean incidence is 15.2 per 100,000 people (McGrath, Saha, Chant, & Welham, 2008). Beyond these figures, the impact that a psychotic episode has on the life of the individuals who suffer from it and their families compels both researchers and clinicians to continue to direct all their efforts into investigating this group of disorders. Only a fuller understanding of the nature of psychosis, which con...

episode of psychosis (FEP) is most likely one of the chimeras of psychology. Obviously, the idea ... more episode of psychosis (FEP) is most likely one of the chimeras of psychology. Obviously, the idea of preventing psychosis syndrome is not new. Almost a century ago, Emil Kraeplin (1919) observed that many of his patients, between 50-70% of them, had psychic peculiarities since childhood, such as, for example, a shy, withdrawn, and solitary character. Back then, in his writings he hinted at the possibility of detecting behaviors –prior to developing the disorder– that could be seen as “the doorway” to schizophrenia. Well, at the dawn of the 21st century, it seems that the prevention of psychotic spectrum disorders has become a somewhat more real possibility. The advances that have taken place in recent years have been astonishing. The optimism associated with the eventual prevention of a FEP has caused an explosion in the number of scientific studies, books, research projects, associations (e.g., IEPA Early Intervention in Mental Health) and screening and early intervention programs a...

Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) is the most prevalent diagnosis amongst the personality disor... more Avoidant Personality Disorder (APD) is the most prevalent diagnosis amongst the personality disorders. However, it remains under-researched, and few psychotherapeutic approaches have proven effectiveness in treating the disorder. Focusing on specific elements of psychopathology may therefore help in refining treatments for this disorder. Here we present a case where Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) was used to directly address the negative metacognitive schemas held by clients with APD. We also describe the theoretical background of MIT and why it may be effective in the psychotherapeutic treatment of APD.

espanolEl Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es una herramienta de screening que pe... more espanolEl Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades (SDQ) es una herramienta de screening que permite la evaluacion de dificultades emocionales y comportamentales asi como del comportamiento prosocial en la infancia y adolescencia, desde una perspectiva multi-informante. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revision selectiva de las caracteristicas epidemiologicas asi como de las principales evidencias a nivel psicometrico del SDQ. Las propiedades psicometricas referidas a la fiabilidad de las puntuaciones son adecuadas y el modelo dimensional de cinco factores (Problemas Emocionales, Problemas Conductuales, Problemas con los Companeros, Hiperactividad y Prosocial) es el mas ampliamente replicado. Asimismo, se han obtenido evidencias de validez que apoyan la utilidad de este instrumento de medida para su uso en el contexto escolar y clinico. Los resultados tambien indican que el genero y la edad influyen en la expresion fenotipica de las dificultades emocionales y compo...

The main objective of this work was to establish the normative data of the Prodromal Questionnair... more The main objective of this work was to establish the normative data of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B) in a representative sample of Spanish adolescents. A total of 3,441 adolescents (M = 15.91 years, SD = 1.33 years) were selected by sampling stratified by clusters. The results showed that the point prevalence of psychotic-like experiences varied between 12% and 48%. An 82.9% of the sample reported at least one attenuated psychotic-like experience. Percentile norms were made for the total score and according to gender. The PQ-B is a brief, simple, useful measuring instrument with adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of subclinical psychosis phenotype in the Spanish adolescent population. It is transcendental that the psychologists have adequate tools for a reliable and valid assessment of this phenomenon in order to make informed decisions and optimize educational and socio-health resources.

204 nterpersonal difficulties have been widely described in individuals with psychosis spectrum d... more 204 nterpersonal difficulties have been widely described in individuals with psychosis spectrum disorders and, specifically, they are a major feature of schizophrenia (Bellack, Mueser, Gingerich, & Agresta, 2004). These difficulties include, for example, problems in conversing, managing conflict, or acting assertively with family, friends, community members, or co-workers (Bellack et al., 2007). As a result, social skills training (SST) is considered an essential part of the schizophrenia treatment and its inclusion is recommended in multiple clinical guidelines for the disorder (Almerie et al., 2015; Dixon et al., 2010). The main purpose of the present article is to present to clinical psychology professionals the Spanish adaptation of the Metacognition-Oriented SST program (MOSST) recently developed by Ottavi et al. (2014a). With this aim, the article is structured in five subsections. Firstly, the main intervention METACOGNITION-ORIENTED SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING (MOSST): THEORETICA...

Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 2020

Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2020

Background Healthy metacognition involves several capacities, including the ability to integrate ... more Background Healthy metacognition involves several capacities, including the ability to integrate information about the self and others in order to formulate ways of coping with social challenges and psychological distress. Multiple studies have demonstrated that reduced general metacognitive capacity is predictive of the development and persistence of overall negative symptom burden. However, there have been no published analyses investigating how specific sub-components of metacognition influence the expression of individual negative symptoms. We aggregated individual participant data from studies reporting measures of subtypes of metacognitive functioning and examined the strength of association with specific negative symptoms. Methods PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and grey literature databases were searched for eligible studies. Forwards and backwards citation searching and contacting of study authors revealed additional datasets not identified in the original searc...

Papeles del Psicólogo - Psychologist Papers, 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una actualización en el campo de la prevención de los tr... more El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una actualización en el campo de la prevención de los trastornos del espectro psicótico, concretamente en detección precoz e intervención temprana. En primer lugar, se aborda la conceptualización del síndrome de psicosis y su prevención. A continuación, se comentan los diferentes procedimientos e instrumentos de medida para la evaluación de la supuesta condición de riesgo. Seguidamente, se revisan las intervenciones tempranas disponibles en psicosis, se expone el modelo de estadificación, se examina la eficacia de tales intervenciones y se comentan algunas limitaciones y propuestas de modificación. Se dibujan algunas debilidades y fortalezas en este campo así como sus perspectivas futuras. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se realiza una breve recapitulación.

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 2020

The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact ... more The coronavirus COVID-19 and the global pandemic has already had a substantial disruptive impact on society, posing major challenges to the provision of mental health services in a time of crisis, and carrying the spectre of an increased burden to mental health, both in terms of existing psychiatric disorder, and emerging psychological distress from the pandemic. In this paper we provide a framework for understanding the key challenges for psychologically informed mental health care during and beyond the pandemic. We identify three groups that can benefit from psychological approaches to mental health, and/or interventions relating to COVID-19. These are (i) healthcare workers engaged in frontline response to the pandemic and their patients; (ii) individuals who will experience the emergence of new mental health distress as a function of being diagnosed with COVID-19, or losing family and loved ones to the illness, or the psychological effects of prolonged social distancing; and (iii) individuals with existing mental health conditions who are either diagnosed with COVID-19 or whose experience of social distancing exacerbates existing vulnerabilities. Drawing on existing literature and our own experience of adapting treatments to the crisis we suggest a number of salient points to consider in identifying risks and offering support to all three groups. We also offer a number of practical and technical considerations for working psychotherapeutically with existing patients where COVID-19 restrictions have forced a move to online or technologically mediated delivery of psychological interventions.

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 2020

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 2020

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2019

Abstract Background Social cognition includes a range of cognitive processes that help individual... more Abstract Background Social cognition includes a range of cognitive processes that help individuals understand how others think and feel. Recent proposals outline the relevance of this cognitive domain in a broad set of clinical pictures, as well as its diagnostic and prognostic value. In this study, we present the Spanish validation of the Reading the Mind in the Voice (RMV-SV) task, (Rutherford et al., 2002), an instrument for the recognition of mental states and complex emotions through prosody. Method A group of adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD, n = 45) were compared to a control group from the general population (n = 51) in several emotion-recognition tasks. Results The ASD group performed worse than controls overall on complex emotion and mental state recognition from voices (ŋ2 = .322; p Conclusions The results confirmed the alteration of the recognition of mental states and complex emotions by prosody among adults diagnosed with ASD. The RMV-SV showed suitable validity and reliability indexes, so the adapted task could facilitate the evaluation of complex emotion recognition through prosody in Spanish.

Ansiedad y Estrés, 2019

Abstract Introduction Routine outcome monitoring or systematic client feedback (SCF) continues to... more Abstract Introduction Routine outcome monitoring or systematic client feedback (SCF) continues to garner empirical support. The Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) is one application of SCF with significant research support but no studies have been conducted in Spain. This investigation describes the effects of PCOMS in routine practice via a comparison to published PCOMS studies. Material and methods In a retrospective observational study, PCOMS was implemented with 42 clients treated in routine psychotherapy. Outcomes were measured by the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) and descriptively compared to PCOMS studies included in a meta-analysis and a PCOMS benchmarking study regarding reliable and/or clinically significant change, no change, and deterioration. Results The current study achieved similar rates of reliable and clinically significant change (73.8%) to the benchmarking study (65.6%) and the RCTs (67.5%). Regarding no change rates, the current study (23.8%) mirrored results of the RCTs (25.6%) and was better than the benchmarking study (35.4%). The current study incurred a low 2.4% deterioration rate compared to a 10.7% and 7.0% rate of the benchmarking study and RCTs, respectively. Conclusions While not without flaws, this pilot study offers some evidence that the improved outcomes associated with PCOMS may also occur in psychotherapy settings in Spain.