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Papers by Fernando Goffman

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001

Lipid - Fett, 1999

ABSTRACT

A collection of 45 accessions (36 species, 20 genera) of the family Boraginaceae was evaluated fo... more A collection of 45 accessions (36 species, 20 genera) of the family Boraginaceae was evaluated for oil content, fatty acid composition, tocopherol content and composition. All the accessions contained g-linolenic acid, the lowest content (0.7%) being found in Cerinthe major L. and the highest (24.4%) in Borago ocinalis L. Three tocopherol pro®les were characterized by the extremes of more than 90% of a-, d-and g-tocopherol, respectively. Fatty acids and tocopherols were suggested to have potential chemotaxonomic value in this family. #

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 1998

A germplasm collection consisting of 1475 entries from 21 species of Brassica, including 36 lower... more A germplasm collection consisting of 1475 entries from 21 species of Brassica, including 36 lower taxa, was evaluated for the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. A total of 358 entries representing the taxonomic variability in the collection were selected and analysed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The remaining 1117 entries were analysed by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS), after developing multi-species calibration equations. The results demonstrated that NIRS is an effective technique to assess variability for oleic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acid in intact-seed samples of multiple Brassica species, provided that calibration equations be developed from sets containing large taxonomic and chemical variability. Some fatty acid ratios were used to estimate the efficiency of the different biosynthetic pathways. Two well-defined patterns were observed. The first one was characterised by high elongation efficiency and accumulation of high levels of erucic acid. The highest erucic acid content (>55% of the total fatty acids) was found in the cultivated species B. napus L., B. oleracea L., and B. rapa L., and in the wild species B. incana Tenore, B. rupestris Raf., and B. villosa Bivona-Bernardi, the three latter belonging to the B. oleracea group (n=9). The second pattern was characterised by high desaturation efficiency, resulting in the accumulation of high levels of the polyunsaturated linoleic and linolenic acid (up to more than 55%). The highest levels of these fatty acids were found in samples of B. elongata Ehrh., especially of the var. integrifolia Boiss. The utility of the reported variability for plant breeding is discussed.

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 1999

The use of nondestructive analytical methods is critical for the evaluation of very small seed sa... more The use of nondestructive analytical methods is critical for the evaluation of very small seed samples such as those from germplasm collections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for the simultaneous analysis of seed oil content and concentration of major fatty acids in intact-seed samples of the family Brassicaceae. A total

Industrial Crops and Products, 1996

Nature, Jan 9, 2004

Efficient storage of carbon in seeds is crucial to plant fitness and to agricultural productivity... more Efficient storage of carbon in seeds is crucial to plant fitness and to agricultural productivity. Oil is a major reserve material in most seeds, and these oils provide the largest source of renewable reduced carbon chains available from nature. However, the conversion of carbohydrate to oil through glycolysis results in the loss of one-third of the carbon as CO2. Here we show that, in developing embryos of Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape), Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) acts without the Calvin cycle and in a previously undescribed metabolic context to increase the efficiency of carbon use during the formation of oil. In comparison with glycolysis, the metabolic conversion we describe provides 20% more acetyl-CoA for fatty-acid synthesis and results in 40% less loss of carbon as CO2. Our conclusions are based on measurements of mass balance, enzyme activity and stable isotope labelling, as well as an analysis of elementary flux modes.

The genetic variation for tocopherol contents was investigated in a very divergent collection of ... more The genetic variation for tocopherol contents was investigated in a very divergent collection of 87 winter rapeseed genotypes grown in the greenhouse and in two years in the field. Genotypic and environmental effects were highly significant for alpha-, gamma-and total tocopherol contents and the alpha-/gamma-tocopherol ratio. Field and greenhouse environments differed significantly (p<0.001) for tocopherol traits, with greenhouse means up to 19% higher than field means. Alpha-tocopherol content ranged from 63 to 157 mg kg −1 seed, gamma-tocopherol content from 114 to 211 mg kg −1 seed, total tocopherol content from 182 to 367 mg kg −1 seed, and the alpha-/gammatocopherol contents ratio from 0.36 to 1.23. The resynthesized lines often have a remarkably low alpha-tocopherol content and consequently a low alpha-/gamma-tocopherol contents ratio. The lines with altered fatty acid composition displayed the highest variation for both tocopherol content and composition. No significant differences were observed among groups with different seed quality types [00], [0+] and [++]. Total tocopherol content was not correlated with the alpha-/gamma-tocopherol ratio, indicating that total tocopherol content is independent from tocopherol composition. Alpha-and gamma-tocopherol contents were also not correlated. Gamma-tocopherol contents showed a significant positive correlation with oil content (r = 0.34 * * ).

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2004

A new method has been developed to rapidly determine the total inorganic carbon concentration gas... more A new method has been developed to rapidly determine the total inorganic carbon concentration gaseous [CO 2 ] + aqueous [CO 2 ] + [HCO 3 -] + [CO 3 2-

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 2005

The conversion of photosynthate to seed storage reserves is crucial to plant fitness and agricult... more The conversion of photosynthate to seed storage reserves is crucial to plant fitness and agricultural production, yet quantitative information about the efficiency of this process is lacking. To measure metabolic efficiency in developing seeds, rapeseed (Brassica napus) embryos were cultured in media in which all carbon sources were [U-14 C]-labeled and their conversion into CO 2 , oil, protein, and other biomass was determined. The conversion efficiency of the supplied carbon into seed storage reserves was very high. When provided with 0, 50, or 150 mmol m 22 s 21 light, the proportion of carbon taken up by embryos that was recovered in biomass was 60% to 64%, 77% to 86%, and 85% to 95%, respectively. Light not only improved the efficiency of carbon storage, but also increased the growth rate, the proportion of 14 C recovered in oil relative to protein, and the fixation of external 14 CO 2 into biomass. Embryos grown at 50 mmol m 22 s 21 in the presence of 5 mM 1,1-dimethyl-3-(3,4dichlorophenyl) urea (an inhibitor of photosystem II) were reduced in total biomass and oil synthesis by 3.2-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively, to the levels observed in the dark. To explore if the reduced growth and carbon conversion efficiency in dark were related to oxygen supplied by photosystem II, embryos and siliques were cultured with increased oxygen. The carbon conversion efficiency of embryos remained unchanged when oxygen levels were increased 3-fold. Increasing the O 2 levels surrounding siliques from 21% to 60% did not increase oil synthesis rates either at 1,000 mmol m 22 s 21 or in the dark. We conclude that light increases the growth, efficiency of carbon storage, and oil synthesis in developing rapeseed embryos primarily by providing reductant and/or ATP. ; fax 517- 353-1926. Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/

SEED GERMINATION by Fernando Goffman

Scientia Horticulturae, 2018

Brassica oleracea plants can suffer from shoot apical meristem arrest, when sown at cold temperat... more Brassica oleracea plants can suffer from shoot apical meristem arrest, when sown at cold temperatures, giving rise to so-called blind seedlings that stop development and the formation of new leaves. We developed a seed treatment that strongly reduces the occurrence of this meristem arrest in kohlrabi and cabbage seedlings. The developed treatment involves soaking the seeds in water for one hour at 22 °C before sowing at 0-2 °C. The reduction of susceptibility to induction of shoot apical meristem arrest could be maintained when seeds were dried after the pre-soaking treatment. A strong reduction in susceptibility could also be obtained by incubating the seeds for four hours with a limited amount of water to 20% moisture content. However, when the hydration was performed at seed moisture levels between 30 and 50%, the sensitivity to shoot apical meristem arrest was regained upon drying. The developed treatment to prevent the occurrence of shoot apical meristem arrest can easily be upscaled for implementation at the commercial level.