Folusho Balogun - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Folusho Balogun
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Frontiers in Public Health, Sep 8, 2022
<p>Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants.</p
BMC Health Services Research
Background The human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of ... more Background The human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of cervical cancer when given in early adolescence. The recommendation of the vaccine by health care workers (HCW) is crucial to the uptake of the vaccine by adolescents and the process of this recommendation is important as it determines subsequent uptake of the vaccine. Understanding of the facilitators and barriers of recommendation of this vaccine can help in the development of strategies to improve its recommendation rates and uptake. This study therefore explored the facilitators and barriers for the recommendation of HPV vaccine for adolescents by HCW in Ibadan, Nigeria using the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). Methods Key informant interviews were conducted with 14 purposively selected HCW who were in charge of vaccination. Content analysis was used after deductive coding of the data using the domains of the TDF. Relevant concepts for facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccine rec...
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
BMC Public Health
Background There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher pre... more Background There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC. Methods Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05. Results Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countri...
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2022
Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA), have distinct endocrine and psychosocial peculiarities. Brain... more Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA), have distinct endocrine and psychosocial peculiarities. Brain tumors occur less among AYAs, compared to other age groups and with better prognosis. There is however a paucity of literature about brain tumors in AYA in sub-Saharan Africa. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics of brain tumors in AYA across five neurosurgical centers in Nigeria and the associated factors. We report results for older children (10-14 years), adolescents (15-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years). This was a retrospective review of AYA with brain tumors over a 10-year period (2010-2019). Data analysis was by descriptive statistics, Chi square test and multinomial regression at α0.05. There were 104 AYAand the male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Headache (79.8%) and visual symptoms (65.4%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Focal limb weakness (44.1%) occurred less frequently. Median duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 9 months. Glioma was the most common tumor (31, 29.8%) while pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma constituted 30.8% of the tumors. Patients with symptom duration of ≤one year were more likely to have infratentorial tumors. There was no significant association between the KPS following intervention and the AYA characteristics. Age group was not significantly associated with any of the presenting symptoms except ataxia, which was significantly higher among the 10 to 14 years group.We have described the epidemiology of brain tumors within AYA in Nigeria and highlighted a need to maximize their care and meet their special needs.
Archives of basic and applied medicine, 2018
A high proportion of adolescents still engage in risky sexual behaviours that put them at risk of... more A high proportion of adolescents still engage in risky sexual behaviours that put them at risk of infection complications of risky sexual behaviours including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection despite the different interventions already in place. This study was designed to determine the adolescents' knowledge of HIV, intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and sexual practices. A 3-stage sampling technique was used to select 240 adolescents in senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance. The mean age of the respondents was 16.3±1.4 years and 126(52.5%) were females. Only 34.3% had good knowledge of HIV and there were misconceptions about its transmission. Most of the respondents (95.0%) had intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and those with good knowledge of HIV were wil...
PLoS ONE, 2021
Background The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) aims to transform high... more Background The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) aims to transform higher education in Africa. One of its main thrusts is supporting promising university faculty (fellows) to obtain high quality doctoral training. CARTA offers fellows robust support which includes funding of their attendance at Joint Advanced Seminars (JASes) throughout the doctoral training period. An evaluation is critical in improving program outcomes. In this study; we, CARTA fellows who attended the fourth JAS in 2018, appraised the CARTA program from our perspective, specifically focusing on the organization of the program and its influence on the fellows’ individual and institutional development. Methods Exploratory Qualitative Study Design was used and data was obtained from three focus group discussions among the fellows in March 2018. The data were analyzed using thematic approach within the framework of good practice elements in doctoral training–Formal Research Training, Activit...
Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic childhood disease characterized by relapses and children with thi... more Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic childhood disease characterized by relapses and children with this condition tend to have behavioural problems associated with the disease. These behavioural problems are usually not anticipated in most resource limited settings and can be frightening thereby making the children and the care givers to be distressed. Seven children with nephrotic syndrome who developed various behavioural abnormalities while on admission were discussed. There were four girls and three boys with age range seven to fourteen years. The abnormal behaviours noted were visual and auditory hallucinations, inappropriate speech and behaviour, attempted suicide, attention seeking behaviour and social withdrawal. These behavioural abnormalities were related to prednisolone therapy in five of the children. Diagnosis made were psychosis and delirium while treatment given included counselling, Risperidone, Halloperidol, Diazepam and reduction or withdrawal of Prednisolone. Abnormal ...
BMC Public Health, 2021
Background One of the strategies for improving vaccination uptake is to make communities understa... more Background One of the strategies for improving vaccination uptake is to make communities understand the importance of immunization and this is expected to drive the demand for vaccines. Building the capacity of older women who supervise child care in Africa may improve infant vaccination in underserved communities. This study determined the impact of training of older women on their knowledge and support for infant vaccination in selected urban slum communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods This was a before-and-after study that enrolled women aged ≥35 years. They were trained with a manual and short video using participatory learning methods over an 8 month period. The content of their training includes importance of immunization timeliness and completion, how vaccines work and how to be advocates and supporters of infant vaccination. Their knowledge and support for infant vaccination at baseline were compared with post training values using Student’s t test and Chi square test with ...
Pan African Medical Journal, 2020
Introduction: smart phone possession and use among young people is on the increase in Africa and ... more Introduction: smart phone possession and use among young people is on the increase in Africa and phone addiction has been shown to be similar to substance use dependence. However, there is barely any literature focused on the effect of smart phone use on young people in Nigeria. This study looked at the prevalence of problematic smart phone use and associated factors among prevarsity young people in Ibadan. Methods: problematic smart phone use was assessed using the 27-item mobile phone problem use scale and scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores 27-76 indicated low-moderate degree and scores ≥ 77
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2019
Background The management of severe traumatic brain injury is directed at avoidance of secondary ... more Background The management of severe traumatic brain injury is directed at avoidance of secondary brain injuries. The intensive care unit (ICU) provides the ideal environment to achieving improved survival and functional outcome. The study sets out to identify the factors that determine the access of patients with severe head injury presenting at our hospital, to the ICU and their impact on outcome. Materials and Methods his was a longitudinal study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data of all consecutive severe head injury patients over a 9-month period, presenting to the accident and emergency department, was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Result There were 36 males (80.0%) in our study, with road crashes (25; 79.5%) as the most common mechanism of injury. Most patients (33; 73.3%) were transferred to our center after initial care in another hospital. Though 31(68.9%) patients had acces...
PLOS ONE, 2018
Background Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines for adolescents are pivotal in the control of cer... more Background Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines for adolescents are pivotal in the control of cervical cancer, the commonest women specific malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge about cervical cancer have been reported to be low in Africa but expressed acceptability for HPV vaccines have been high. The reason for this mismatch is not clear. An understanding of the interpretation of cervical cancer and views about HPV vaccine are important as they can affect actual decision making regarding adolescents' uptake of HPV vaccine. This study explored contextual interpretations of stakeholders regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccines for adolescents in five selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods Qualitative data were collected through twenty focus group discussions among parents of adolescents, religious and traditional leaders, school teachers and adolescents; and four key informant interviews with the identified traditional healers in the selected communities. Constant comparison analysis was done after transcription. Results Almost every group had at least one person who had seen a cervical cancer patient. Cervical cancer was widely viewed as being caused by promiscuity of women while older participants believed that the alteration of lifestyle by civilization was a major contributory factor. There was also a general notion that it was due to a curse. The role of HPV was generally not known. Most participants were favourable towards HPV immunization for adolescents but traditional healers and some religious leaders were not. The high cost of the vaccines and possibility of side effects where the main concerns about the introduction of HPV
Malaria Journal, 2018
Background: Malaria remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five (... more Background: Malaria remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five (U5) children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a dearth of information on how housing type may influence malaria transmission among U5 children in Nigeria. This study assessed the relationship between housing type and malaria prevalence among U5s in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative 2015 Nigeria malaria indicator survey data was done. A representative sample of 8148 households in 329 clusters was selected for the survey. Children aged 6-59 months in the selected households were tested for anaemia and malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the microscopy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square (χ 2) and logistic regression models at 5% level of significance. Results: The odds of malaria infection was significantly higher among older children aged 24-59 months (aOR = 4.8, CI 2.13-10.99, p < 0.001), and children who lived in houses built completely with unimproved materials (aOR = 1.4, CI 1.08-1.80, p = 0.01). Other predictors of malaria infection include living in a rural area (aOR = 1.5, CI 1.25-1.91, p = 0.01), ever slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (aOR = 1.1, CI 0.26-4.79, p = 0.89) and in a room not sprayed with insecticide (aOR = 1.2, CI 0.64-2.31, p = 0.56). Children who were malaria positive showed a higher prevalence of severe anaemia on RDT (87.6%) and Microscopy (67.4%) than those who were not anaemic (RDT = 31.6%, Microscopy = 12.9%). Conclusions: Non-improved housing predicted malaria infection among U5s in Nigeria. Improved housing is a promising means to support a more integrated and sustainable approach to malaria prevention. Education of the Nigerian people on the role of improved housing on malaria protection and empowerment of the public to adopt improved housing as well as overall enlightenment on ways to prevent malaria infection can help to augment the current malaria control measures among U5 children.
World Journal of Surgery, 2018
Background Medical error (ME) remains central to discussions regarding patient's safety and its f... more Background Medical error (ME) remains central to discussions regarding patient's safety and its frequency appears high in surgical specialties because of some peculiarities. We set out to study the perception of surgical residents about medical errors, their ability to recognize them and predisposition to disclosing their errors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among surgical residents at the University College Hospital, Nigeria. Data about their knowledge, perception and recognition of medical errors were obtained. Knowledge and practice of medical error disclosure was also examined. Each of these was scored on Likert scale and scores categorized. Chisquare test and logistic regression were used for analysis with p at \0.05. Results 92 residents participated and 11(12.0%) were females. 32.6% of the respondents had less knowledge about medical errors and these were significantly junior residents. Residents with poor perception about ME were 43.5% and recent involvement with ME was significantly associated with good perception about ME. Delay in obtaining consultation and delay in diagnosis were identified respectively as MEs by only 40(43.5%) and 31(33.7) of the participants. While 82(89.1%) agreed that all errors should be reported to the consultant, only 20(21.7%) believed patients/relatives should be informed of all errors, while 49(53.3%) were well disposed to disclosing ME. Only 4(4.3%) residents had a formal training on ME. Conclusions Knowledge of ME was low among junior residents and residents are less likely to disclose error to patients/relatives. A formal training on ME will impact on their recognition, practice, and disclosure of ME.
Sleep medicine, 2017
Understanding sleep patterns and related factors is vital to development in adolescence, but ther... more Understanding sleep patterns and related factors is vital to development in adolescence, but there is a dearth of this information among adolescents in developing countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, this study describes the sleep patterns, problems, and predictors of poor sleep quality among schooling adolescents. In a cross-sectional study design, 450 adolescents were selected and interviewed about their sleep experience and problems over the preceding one-month period using a validated form with components adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ(2), and logistic regression model with p set at 0.05. The mean age of respondents was 13.4 ± 1.2 years. Only half (50.2%) had a global PSQI score of <6, suggesting little or no difficulty with sleep. Significantly, a higher proportion of respondents spent a short time in bed before sleep, ≤15 min among those who had good sleep quality (81.4%) compared wit...
Frontiers in public health, 2017
Sending and receiving sexually suggestive or explicit images or texts (sexting) have been shown t... more Sending and receiving sexually suggestive or explicit images or texts (sexting) have been shown to be associated with health risk behaviors but literature about this phenomenon is scarce in Nigeria. This study looked at the prevalence, predictors, and associated sexual risk behaviors of sexting among postsecondary school young persons in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were obtained for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual orientation, sexting behavior, personality assessment (using the International Personality Item Pool Big-Five factor markers), indicators for problematic phone use (using Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale), and sexual behavior. Chi square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis with p = 0.05. Five hundred seventy-five participants were recruited, age range 14-24 years, and 46.0% were males. Twenty percent had sent sexts, while 33.2% had received sexts. Fifty-four percent had high ...
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Frontiers in Public Health, Sep 8, 2022
<p>Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants.</p
BMC Health Services Research
Background The human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of ... more Background The human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of cervical cancer when given in early adolescence. The recommendation of the vaccine by health care workers (HCW) is crucial to the uptake of the vaccine by adolescents and the process of this recommendation is important as it determines subsequent uptake of the vaccine. Understanding of the facilitators and barriers of recommendation of this vaccine can help in the development of strategies to improve its recommendation rates and uptake. This study therefore explored the facilitators and barriers for the recommendation of HPV vaccine for adolescents by HCW in Ibadan, Nigeria using the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). Methods Key informant interviews were conducted with 14 purposively selected HCW who were in charge of vaccination. Content analysis was used after deductive coding of the data using the domains of the TDF. Relevant concepts for facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccine rec...
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
BMC Public Health
Background There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher pre... more Background There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC. Methods Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05. Results Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countri...
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 2022
Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA), have distinct endocrine and psychosocial peculiarities. Brain... more Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA), have distinct endocrine and psychosocial peculiarities. Brain tumors occur less among AYAs, compared to other age groups and with better prognosis. There is however a paucity of literature about brain tumors in AYA in sub-Saharan Africa. We aim to describe the clinical characteristics of brain tumors in AYA across five neurosurgical centers in Nigeria and the associated factors. We report results for older children (10-14 years), adolescents (15-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years). This was a retrospective review of AYA with brain tumors over a 10-year period (2010-2019). Data analysis was by descriptive statistics, Chi square test and multinomial regression at α0.05. There were 104 AYAand the male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Headache (79.8%) and visual symptoms (65.4%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Focal limb weakness (44.1%) occurred less frequently. Median duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 9 months. Glioma was the most common tumor (31, 29.8%) while pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma constituted 30.8% of the tumors. Patients with symptom duration of ≤one year were more likely to have infratentorial tumors. There was no significant association between the KPS following intervention and the AYA characteristics. Age group was not significantly associated with any of the presenting symptoms except ataxia, which was significantly higher among the 10 to 14 years group.We have described the epidemiology of brain tumors within AYA in Nigeria and highlighted a need to maximize their care and meet their special needs.
Archives of basic and applied medicine, 2018
A high proportion of adolescents still engage in risky sexual behaviours that put them at risk of... more A high proportion of adolescents still engage in risky sexual behaviours that put them at risk of infection complications of risky sexual behaviours including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection despite the different interventions already in place. This study was designed to determine the adolescents' knowledge of HIV, intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and sexual practices. A 3-stage sampling technique was used to select 240 adolescents in senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance. The mean age of the respondents was 16.3±1.4 years and 126(52.5%) were females. Only 34.3% had good knowledge of HIV and there were misconceptions about its transmission. Most of the respondents (95.0%) had intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and those with good knowledge of HIV were wil...
PLoS ONE, 2021
Background The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) aims to transform high... more Background The Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) aims to transform higher education in Africa. One of its main thrusts is supporting promising university faculty (fellows) to obtain high quality doctoral training. CARTA offers fellows robust support which includes funding of their attendance at Joint Advanced Seminars (JASes) throughout the doctoral training period. An evaluation is critical in improving program outcomes. In this study; we, CARTA fellows who attended the fourth JAS in 2018, appraised the CARTA program from our perspective, specifically focusing on the organization of the program and its influence on the fellows’ individual and institutional development. Methods Exploratory Qualitative Study Design was used and data was obtained from three focus group discussions among the fellows in March 2018. The data were analyzed using thematic approach within the framework of good practice elements in doctoral training–Formal Research Training, Activit...
Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic childhood disease characterized by relapses and children with thi... more Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic childhood disease characterized by relapses and children with this condition tend to have behavioural problems associated with the disease. These behavioural problems are usually not anticipated in most resource limited settings and can be frightening thereby making the children and the care givers to be distressed. Seven children with nephrotic syndrome who developed various behavioural abnormalities while on admission were discussed. There were four girls and three boys with age range seven to fourteen years. The abnormal behaviours noted were visual and auditory hallucinations, inappropriate speech and behaviour, attempted suicide, attention seeking behaviour and social withdrawal. These behavioural abnormalities were related to prednisolone therapy in five of the children. Diagnosis made were psychosis and delirium while treatment given included counselling, Risperidone, Halloperidol, Diazepam and reduction or withdrawal of Prednisolone. Abnormal ...
BMC Public Health, 2021
Background One of the strategies for improving vaccination uptake is to make communities understa... more Background One of the strategies for improving vaccination uptake is to make communities understand the importance of immunization and this is expected to drive the demand for vaccines. Building the capacity of older women who supervise child care in Africa may improve infant vaccination in underserved communities. This study determined the impact of training of older women on their knowledge and support for infant vaccination in selected urban slum communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods This was a before-and-after study that enrolled women aged ≥35 years. They were trained with a manual and short video using participatory learning methods over an 8 month period. The content of their training includes importance of immunization timeliness and completion, how vaccines work and how to be advocates and supporters of infant vaccination. Their knowledge and support for infant vaccination at baseline were compared with post training values using Student’s t test and Chi square test with ...
Pan African Medical Journal, 2020
Introduction: smart phone possession and use among young people is on the increase in Africa and ... more Introduction: smart phone possession and use among young people is on the increase in Africa and phone addiction has been shown to be similar to substance use dependence. However, there is barely any literature focused on the effect of smart phone use on young people in Nigeria. This study looked at the prevalence of problematic smart phone use and associated factors among prevarsity young people in Ibadan. Methods: problematic smart phone use was assessed using the 27-item mobile phone problem use scale and scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores 27-76 indicated low-moderate degree and scores ≥ 77
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 2019
Background The management of severe traumatic brain injury is directed at avoidance of secondary ... more Background The management of severe traumatic brain injury is directed at avoidance of secondary brain injuries. The intensive care unit (ICU) provides the ideal environment to achieving improved survival and functional outcome. The study sets out to identify the factors that determine the access of patients with severe head injury presenting at our hospital, to the ICU and their impact on outcome. Materials and Methods his was a longitudinal study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data of all consecutive severe head injury patients over a 9-month period, presenting to the accident and emergency department, was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Result There were 36 males (80.0%) in our study, with road crashes (25; 79.5%) as the most common mechanism of injury. Most patients (33; 73.3%) were transferred to our center after initial care in another hospital. Though 31(68.9%) patients had acces...
PLOS ONE, 2018
Background Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines for adolescents are pivotal in the control of cer... more Background Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines for adolescents are pivotal in the control of cervical cancer, the commonest women specific malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge about cervical cancer have been reported to be low in Africa but expressed acceptability for HPV vaccines have been high. The reason for this mismatch is not clear. An understanding of the interpretation of cervical cancer and views about HPV vaccine are important as they can affect actual decision making regarding adolescents' uptake of HPV vaccine. This study explored contextual interpretations of stakeholders regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccines for adolescents in five selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods Qualitative data were collected through twenty focus group discussions among parents of adolescents, religious and traditional leaders, school teachers and adolescents; and four key informant interviews with the identified traditional healers in the selected communities. Constant comparison analysis was done after transcription. Results Almost every group had at least one person who had seen a cervical cancer patient. Cervical cancer was widely viewed as being caused by promiscuity of women while older participants believed that the alteration of lifestyle by civilization was a major contributory factor. There was also a general notion that it was due to a curse. The role of HPV was generally not known. Most participants were favourable towards HPV immunization for adolescents but traditional healers and some religious leaders were not. The high cost of the vaccines and possibility of side effects where the main concerns about the introduction of HPV
Malaria Journal, 2018
Background: Malaria remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five (... more Background: Malaria remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five (U5) children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a dearth of information on how housing type may influence malaria transmission among U5 children in Nigeria. This study assessed the relationship between housing type and malaria prevalence among U5s in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative 2015 Nigeria malaria indicator survey data was done. A representative sample of 8148 households in 329 clusters was selected for the survey. Children aged 6-59 months in the selected households were tested for anaemia and malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the microscopy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square (χ 2) and logistic regression models at 5% level of significance. Results: The odds of malaria infection was significantly higher among older children aged 24-59 months (aOR = 4.8, CI 2.13-10.99, p < 0.001), and children who lived in houses built completely with unimproved materials (aOR = 1.4, CI 1.08-1.80, p = 0.01). Other predictors of malaria infection include living in a rural area (aOR = 1.5, CI 1.25-1.91, p = 0.01), ever slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (aOR = 1.1, CI 0.26-4.79, p = 0.89) and in a room not sprayed with insecticide (aOR = 1.2, CI 0.64-2.31, p = 0.56). Children who were malaria positive showed a higher prevalence of severe anaemia on RDT (87.6%) and Microscopy (67.4%) than those who were not anaemic (RDT = 31.6%, Microscopy = 12.9%). Conclusions: Non-improved housing predicted malaria infection among U5s in Nigeria. Improved housing is a promising means to support a more integrated and sustainable approach to malaria prevention. Education of the Nigerian people on the role of improved housing on malaria protection and empowerment of the public to adopt improved housing as well as overall enlightenment on ways to prevent malaria infection can help to augment the current malaria control measures among U5 children.
World Journal of Surgery, 2018
Background Medical error (ME) remains central to discussions regarding patient's safety and its f... more Background Medical error (ME) remains central to discussions regarding patient's safety and its frequency appears high in surgical specialties because of some peculiarities. We set out to study the perception of surgical residents about medical errors, their ability to recognize them and predisposition to disclosing their errors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among surgical residents at the University College Hospital, Nigeria. Data about their knowledge, perception and recognition of medical errors were obtained. Knowledge and practice of medical error disclosure was also examined. Each of these was scored on Likert scale and scores categorized. Chisquare test and logistic regression were used for analysis with p at \0.05. Results 92 residents participated and 11(12.0%) were females. 32.6% of the respondents had less knowledge about medical errors and these were significantly junior residents. Residents with poor perception about ME were 43.5% and recent involvement with ME was significantly associated with good perception about ME. Delay in obtaining consultation and delay in diagnosis were identified respectively as MEs by only 40(43.5%) and 31(33.7) of the participants. While 82(89.1%) agreed that all errors should be reported to the consultant, only 20(21.7%) believed patients/relatives should be informed of all errors, while 49(53.3%) were well disposed to disclosing ME. Only 4(4.3%) residents had a formal training on ME. Conclusions Knowledge of ME was low among junior residents and residents are less likely to disclose error to patients/relatives. A formal training on ME will impact on their recognition, practice, and disclosure of ME.
Sleep medicine, 2017
Understanding sleep patterns and related factors is vital to development in adolescence, but ther... more Understanding sleep patterns and related factors is vital to development in adolescence, but there is a dearth of this information among adolescents in developing countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, this study describes the sleep patterns, problems, and predictors of poor sleep quality among schooling adolescents. In a cross-sectional study design, 450 adolescents were selected and interviewed about their sleep experience and problems over the preceding one-month period using a validated form with components adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ(2), and logistic regression model with p set at 0.05. The mean age of respondents was 13.4 ± 1.2 years. Only half (50.2%) had a global PSQI score of <6, suggesting little or no difficulty with sleep. Significantly, a higher proportion of respondents spent a short time in bed before sleep, ≤15 min among those who had good sleep quality (81.4%) compared wit...
Frontiers in public health, 2017
Sending and receiving sexually suggestive or explicit images or texts (sexting) have been shown t... more Sending and receiving sexually suggestive or explicit images or texts (sexting) have been shown to be associated with health risk behaviors but literature about this phenomenon is scarce in Nigeria. This study looked at the prevalence, predictors, and associated sexual risk behaviors of sexting among postsecondary school young persons in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were obtained for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual orientation, sexting behavior, personality assessment (using the International Personality Item Pool Big-Five factor markers), indicators for problematic phone use (using Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale), and sexual behavior. Chi square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis with p = 0.05. Five hundred seventy-five participants were recruited, age range 14-24 years, and 46.0% were males. Twenty percent had sent sexts, while 33.2% had received sexts. Fifty-four percent had high ...