Fouad Salama - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fouad Salama

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Aim: The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their percep... more Aim: The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their perception and knowledge of oral and facial piercings. Materials and methods: The participants comprised 240 students enrolled in the dental school who were asked to complete 20 close-ended, yes/no, yes/no/do not know, and multiple responses questions. The questionnaire covers general information concerning oral/facial piercing, triggers why youths and early adults get it, probable complications, their appreciation of the possibility of related health conditions, and their knowledge and perception. The survey was distributed to the students by email. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Dental first year (D1) and dental second year (D2) were substantially more likely to indicate that orofacial piercings as unacceptable and are less expected to have an orofacial piercing compared to D3 and D4 (p < 0.01). About 16.8% of the students reported previous orofacial piercings. There was a definite correlation between previous orofacial piercings and thinking that is appropriate in society (p < 0.05). Males were significantly more likely to have an orofacial piercing (p < 0.01). The Internet was reported as the most common source of information. The most popular cause for piercings is to be unique and different. Conclusions: Orofacial piercings are relatively frequently used by students in dental school and few students intend on getting one in the future. Knowledge of the hazards of orofacial piercing correlated with the requirement for parental approval. The majority of students think piercings are appropriate in society and know their complications and risks. Clinical significance: Orofacial piercing has been gaining popularity but its risks/complications may not be known by practitioners. There is a need for research to assist dental/medical practitioners in advising, educating, and safeguarding patients by evaluating of the perception and knowledge of students about orofacial piercings.

Progress in Orthodontics, 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphou... more Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACP-F) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems. Methods: One hundred twenty-six human premolar teeth were selected. One hundred twenty teeth were used for SBS testing, and six teeth were used for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. One hundred twenty premolars were divided into mainly three groups: CPP-ACP (group A), CPP-ACP-F (group B), and control group (group C). Each group was subdivided into two groups according to the bonding adhesive, light cure (groups A1, B1, and C1) and chemical cure (groups A2, B2, and C2). The teeth were pre-treated with the group-specified preventive agent 1 h/day for five consecutive days. Standard edgewise brackets were bonded with the respective adhesives. SBS evaluation was done with the universal testing machine. After debonding, all the teeth were scored for adhesive remaining on the buccal surface, in accordance to adhesive remnant index, under a stereomicroscope. The acid-etched enamel surfaces were observed under SEM after treatment with CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP-F, and artificial saliva. Result: In light-cure adhesive group, CPP-ACP-F (B1) showed superior results compared to the control group (C1), whereas the CPP-ACP group (A1) showed lower mean SBS than the control group (C1). Both these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In chemical-cure adhesive group, control group C2 showed significantly superior results (p < 0.05) compared to group A2 and group B2. The results of two-way ANOVA showed highly significant difference due to adhesive types (p < 0.01), whereas enamel pre-treatment showed non-significant difference (p > 0.01). Conclusion: The SBS of the orthodontic brackets was non-significantly affected when the brackets were cured with light-cure bonding system and treated with either CPP-ACP or CPP-ACP-F, whereas with chemical-cure adhesive, decreased bond strength was seen, which was within the clinically acceptable limits.

European journal of paediatric dentistry, 2016

AIM This study evaluated the effect of a single time tooth brushing instruction using video on a ... more AIM This study evaluated the effect of a single time tooth brushing instruction using video on a tablet PC (Apple iPad) compared to operator presentation using jaw model for plaque removal. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 100 children divided into two groups. For Group 1 brushing was demonstrated to the child by the operator with the use of a jaw model. This demonstration was videotaped for subsequent use in Group 2 using a tablet PC (Apple iPad). Plaque index was recorded before and after demonstration of the assigned method of teaching tooth brushing. RESULTS The results showed a significant difference using the two methods. The difference between the mean plaque index values with the jaw model and tablet PC at baseline and after tooth brushing represented 17.27% (50% improvement) and 11.56% (34% improvement) respectively. Boys showed a 18.3%. higher improvement in tooth brushing compared to girls. Seventy-five percent of the children reported u...

Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.)

The purposes of this study were to: (1) compare the bond strength of molar bands cemented to stai... more The purposes of this study were to: (1) compare the bond strength of molar bands cemented to stainless steel crowns (SSCs) using glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), or polycarboxylate cement (PXC); and (2) assess the influence of sandblasting molar bands on the mean bond strength between the band and the SSC. Sixty SSCs and 60 molar bands were used. The inner surfaces of 30 molar bands were roughened by sandblasting prior to cementation. The bond strength was measured after dislodging the SSC using a push-out test. In the nonsandblasted group, a significant difference was observed between PXC and RMGIC (P >.04). In the sandblasted group, a significant difference was observed between PXC and RMGIC (P >.02), while there was only a marginal difference between GIC and RMGIC (P >.05). The sandblasted group exhibited superior bond strength overall. However, the only significant improvement was observed for GIC (P >.03). PXC showed the highe...

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2016

Objective: This cross-sectional study compared Saudi children's tooth-brushing practices as repor... more Objective: This cross-sectional study compared Saudi children's tooth-brushing practices as reported by children and parents and then matched the agreement of reports. Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 Saudi parents and their children of ages 8-12 years participated in this cross-sectional investigation. A self-administered structured questionnaire regarding the current tooth-brushing practice and habits at home was filled by the child. The same questionnaire was filled independently by parents. Results: Mothers were more likely to teach children about tooth-brushing and fathers were minimally helping children during tooth-brushing. Mothers were the first to teach the children and approximately 33% of the children started brushing their teeth by age 5. Children and parents reported that children clean their teeth using a toothbrush (73.74% and 76.77%), miswak (5.05% and 5.05%), or both (21.21% and 18.18%), respectively. Conclusions: There was some agreement between reported tooth-brushing practice of children and their parents. It is important to question both the child and parent regarding oral hygiene practice and compare their answers to get more broad knowledge about their practices. Approximately, one-third of the children started brushing their teeth by age 5, which differs from recommended oral hygiene practices.

Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, K... more Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Lecturer, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University Specialist, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Dental Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia *Corresponding Author’s E-mail: fabdelmegid@ksu.edu.sa The objective of this investigation was to assess the influence of two surface sealant agents on surface roughness of the nano-hybrid resin composite. Thirty cylindrical specimens were prepared from a nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio) after covering with Mylar matrix strip with no finishing or polishing. The specimens were ra...

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 2002

in a first degree relative), and the presence of the mutated gene coding for endoglin on chromoso... more in a first degree relative), and the presence of the mutated gene coding for endoglin on chromosome 9, as has been described in her family, 7 was recently confirmed. Therefore, we consider her pulmonary AVM to be an expression of the same disease. We report on one of the youngest patients diagnosed with a pulmonary AVM causing a large right to left shunt. The indication for treatment of the pulmonary AVM was persistent hypoxaemia as well as to prevent neurological sequelae caused by embolic disease. 1 Until the 1980s, the classical treatment for pulmonary AVM was surgery. Since then, embolotherapy using coils or balloons has become the treatment of choice. 5 9 Transcatheter coil embolisation of a large pulmonary AVM has been reported once before in a neonate. 10 This approach is feasible for the treatment of large pulmonary AVMs in infancy, provided that it is performed by a paediatric cardiologist. Arguments favouring surgical intervention are the complexity of the pulmonary AVM and the extent of these lesions, leaving relatively little healthy pulmonary tissue sacrificed in the case of resection of the lobe. In our patient, embolisation was performed because of the selectiveness of the procedure and to avoid the disadvantages of major surgical intervention at this age. Transcatheter embolisation may be considered the primary treatment of pulmonary AVMs in infancy, depending on the angioarchitecture, but long term results of this procedure have to be awaited. Continuing surveillance is necessary to detect short term and long term recurrence, as well as potential development of other pulmonary AVMs, in order to prevent future neurological complications, such as stroke and brain abscess.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate an infant oral health (IOH) educational program to tar... more Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate an infant oral health (IOH) educational program to target freshmen dental students. Methods: A pretest assessment in form of a questionnaire was completed before and immediately after the introduction of 14-minute educational intervention in form of PowerPoint presentation with video. The questionnaire was based on the information presented. Six questions were added to the post test to ask whether students thought the presentation was helpful in improving their knowledge. Results: Before intervention; 45% rated their knowledge of IOH as minimal and 55% as general. These ratings improved after intervention and became 5% minimal, 90% general and 5% extensive. There was a significant difference for the correct answers between the pretest and post-test scores (P < 0.001). The mean score (+ SD) on the pretest was (6.03 ± 0.63), and the mean score on the post-test was (9.40 ± 0.96). Ninety five percent reported the presentation was helpful in ...

Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of a video and a PowerPoint presentation education... more Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of a video and a PowerPoint presentation educational intervention about infant oral health care on the knowledge and learning of female dental students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Two hundred eighty-four students from five levels of dental school (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and completed by students immediately before and after the educational intervention, which was in the form of a video and a PowerPoint presentation on oral health care of infants. The 14-item multiple-choice questionnaire was based on information presented in the educational intervention to measure short-term recall of knowledge. The presentation educated students about infant oral health care, the first dental visit, correct position of examining the infant and anticipatory guidance. Results: There was a significant difference between the total pre-test and post-...

Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 2021

To evaluate the effects of placing short posts made of different restorative materials on the fra... more To evaluate the effects of placing short posts made of different restorative materials on the fracture resistance of root canals in primary incisors of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: The root canals of 40 extracted primary incisors were prepared and filled with Vitapex and randomly divided into five groups of 8 each. In Groups 1-4, a post space was created and filled with different restorative materials (Tetric ® N-Ceram Bulk Fill, AeliteFlo, Filtek Z250 XT, and GC Fuji II LC ® capsule), while Group 5 was kept filled with Vitapex as a control. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine at a 0.5-mm/min crosshead speed. The results were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: The highest fracture resistance was recorded for GC Fuji II LC capsules [439.82 N] and control [423.37 N], while the lowest fracture resistance was recorded for Tetric ® N Ceram Bulk Fill (239.91 N). A multiple comparison test showed that the Tetric ® N-Ceram Bulk Fill had a significantly lower average value than AeliteFlo (P = 0.030), as well as a significantly lower average value than GC Fuji II LC ® capsule (P = 0.001), and a significantly lower average value than the control group (P = 0.002). Multiple comparison tests showed no significant difference between Tetric ® N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Filtek Z250 XT (P = 0.39). Conclusion: The fracture resistance of primary incisor root canals differs according to the material used for the intracanal posts. Three-millimeter intracanal posts in the primary incisors showed the highest fracture resistance for the teeth restored with GC Fuji II LC capsules and the control.

Lip wound following traumatic crown fractures may be repaired without examining lacerated soft ti... more Lip wound following traumatic crown fractures may be repaired without examining lacerated soft tissue leading to failure to detect the tooth fragments. It is critical that every attempt should be made to locate the missing tooth structure before the wound is closed. This case report presents a child with fractured crowns of central and lateral incisors in which the fragments were embedded in the lower lip and went unnoticed for eleven months until the child presented for dental care. The otolaryngologist in the emergency department of a hospital failed to notice the presence of the tooth fragments in the lower lip which, highlighting the significance of soft tissue examination even in late presentation of trauma cases. The existence of crown fractures and lacerated lip should alert the clinician to their potential loss in the lacerated wound and therefore careful examination before closure using radiographs if necessary

AIM To assess the influence of three probiotic mouthrinses on the microhardness of three esthetic... more AIM To assess the influence of three probiotic mouthrinses on the microhardness of three esthetic materials used for teeth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty specimens of each material: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer, and resin composite were randomly assigned to three groups. Surface microhardness was measured at baseline. The specimens were immersed in probiotic mouthrinses, group I: (P2 probiotic power), group II: (Probioclean), and group III (BōKU natural). Microhardness was measured after 21 and 63 minutes of immersion which is comparable with 3 and 9 weeks of mouthrinse use every day, respectively. Measurements of microhardness were completed using Micro Vickers testing machine with a 200 g load applied for a duration of 15 seconds. RESULTS The microhardness change of the three restorative materials reveled statistically significant differences in all mouthrinse groups (p = 0.001). BōKU natural mouthrinse decreased microhardness s...

Pediatric dentistry

A review of the literature on the prevalence of sucking habits shows that it varies from one popu... more A review of the literature on the prevalence of sucking habits shows that it varies from one population to another. The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine the prevalence of sucking habits among preschool Saudi children living in Riyadh City, 2) assess the influence of some cultural factors on that prevalence, and 3) to study the effect these habits might have on the primary dentition. This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey questionnaire and clinical examination of 583 Saudi children aged 3-5 years using a stratified cluster random sampling technique. The prevalence of sucking habits was 48.36% with the dummy-sucking as the dominant type. Most dummy-suckers had broken their habits in the first few years of life while more digit-suckers were still active at age 5 years. Sucking habits were only related to parents' education and the child feeding methods without significant effect of gender or birth rank or family income. Children with existing digit su...

Pediatric Dentistry

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VibraJect, a vibrating attachment ... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VibraJect, a vibrating attachment for a traditional syringe, in reducing pain related disruptive behavior and self-reported pain in children receiving local anesthesia. The procedure involved a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study of 90 children receiving local anesthesia for routine restorative procedures. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control (injection as usual) or experimental (injection using the VibraJect) group. Participants were recruited from a large, urban pediatric dental clinic within a university medical center. Using 2-way analysis of variance and 2-tailed, between-subject t tests, there were no significant differences between injection with and without the VibraJect on any measures of pain, including self-reported intensity, independent direct observations of pain related disruptive behavior, and subjective dentist ratings. VibraJect did not provide any benefits over a conventiona...

Pediatric Dentistry

The purpose of this randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was to evaluate and compare ... more The purpose of this randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the behavioral differences resulting from the sedative effects of atomized buccal (transmucosal) and atomized intranasal (parenteral) midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) as a method for sedation of pediatric dental patients. Twenty-five 36- to 72-month-old patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups that were sedated with either atomized buccal in the first visit or intranasal midazolam in the second visit (0.3 mg/kg). Patient be- havior was rated, and drug acceptance by method of administration was determined. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in maximum working time. There were significant differences between both groups in drug acceptance (P=.008) and onset time (P=.00). The statistical differences between the two groups were not significant in all behavior rating scales, except for the crying rating scale, since the buccal group showed more cry...

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2010

To assess the attitudes, behavior, and demographics of general dentists in the state of Nebraska ... more To assess the attitudes, behavior, and demographics of general dentists in the state of Nebraska with regard to overall prenatal oral health counseling for pregnant women. The survey asked for demographic information, number of years practicing dentistry, and patient base. The survey also asked questions about prenatal oral health counseling for pregnant women. A self-addressed stamped envelope was enclosed for dentists' returned responses. Out of the 800 surveys sent, 371 (46.4%) were returned. Nearly 50% of general dentists in Nebraska who responded to the survey do not provide any prenatal counseling (45.6%) and 5.9% provide prenatal counseling only once a year. There were no correlations between providing prenatal counseling and age of general dentists, gender of general dentists, type of practice, and length of time in practice or additional training completed. When asked why they do not provide prenatal counseling, 19.7% say that it is not a priority for the office and 9.5...

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of different denture cle... more Objective: The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of different denture cleansers and distilled water on color stability of self-polymerized (SP) and heat-polymerized (HP) acrylic denture base materials. Methods: Specimens were prepared from HP (Lucitone 199) and SP (Rapid Repair) acrylic resin denture base materials and distributed into different groups/15 each. Specimens were immersed in distilled water as control and in three different denture cleansers (Corega, Polident, and StainAway Plus) according to the manufacturer's specifications and immersion was repeated 7 times over 7 days. All specimens in different groups were measured for color stability using a spectrophotometer against a white background under a standard illumination of D65. Statistical analyses were performed using one and two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results: No significant color change in HP acrylic base material immersed in denture cleansers compared to the con...

Purpose:The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of OneGloss and PoGo one-step polishi... more Purpose:The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of OneGloss and PoGo one-step polishing systems and an office-bleaching agent (Ultradent Opalescence Boost PF 40%) oncolor of two nanocomposite resin restorative materials (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Filtek Z350 XTafter exposure to a staining solution. Methods:Forty-five cylindrical specimens (8 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were prepared from each resin composite according to the manufacturer's instructions. Specimens were finished using a tungsten carbide finishing bur andthen thermocycled. The specimens prepared from each material were randomly allocated to three subgroups with 15 specimens in each restorative material. All specimens were measured for color (T1) using spectrophotometer Color-Eye 7000A. All specimens were immersed in staining coffee solution for 4 days and then measured for color (T2).Each group was subjected to different surface treatment, which included OneGloss or PoGo polishing systems for 30 se...

Pediatric dentistry, 2019

Purpose: To compare the effect of different combination of prophylaxis-polishing pastes and cups/... more Purpose: To compare the effect of different combination of prophylaxis-polishing pastes and cups/brushes on the surface gloss of three restorative materials (Filtek Z350, Tetric N-Ceram, and Ionofil Plus AC). Methods: Ninety disk-shaped specimens were prepared from each material, thermocycled, and randomly allocated into nine groups with 10 specimens each. Specimens were measured at baseline for gloss. Then, prophylaxis polishing pastes and cups/brushes were used, according to the instructions of the manufacturers. The second time measurements for gloss were completed. Results: The mean change of gloss among the three materials was statistically significant (P<0.0001). The two-way interaction terms "material and brush," "material and paste," and "brush and paste" indicated a statistically significant difference in mean change of gloss (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, and P<0.0001, respectively). The three-way interaction terms "material and brush a...

The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2020

OBJECTIVE Whitening toothpastes are widely used. Hence, it is important to understand their effec... more OBJECTIVE Whitening toothpastes are widely used. Hence, it is important to understand their effect on the surface properties of restorative materials. To evaluate the effect of three over-the-counter whitening toothpastes and toothbrushing simulation on microhardness of three restorative materials. STUDY DESIGN Forty cylindrical (10×2mm) specimens were prepared from each restorative material and randomly assigned into four groups/10 each according to the whitening toothpastes used and distilled water (control). All specimens were measured for microhardness (Baseline-T1). The specimens were brushed with a soft brush using an in vitro tooth-brushing simulator with the assigned whitening toothpaste using the same setting for brushing cycles/load for all groups. Specimens were then measured for microhardness (T2) similar to baseline. RESULTS The highest (mean±SD) microhardness after application of the whitening toothpastes and brushing was recorded for Intense White and Filtek Z250 XT (...

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

Aim: The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their percep... more Aim: The aim of this web-based questionnaire was to survey dental students to obtain their perception and knowledge of oral and facial piercings. Materials and methods: The participants comprised 240 students enrolled in the dental school who were asked to complete 20 close-ended, yes/no, yes/no/do not know, and multiple responses questions. The questionnaire covers general information concerning oral/facial piercing, triggers why youths and early adults get it, probable complications, their appreciation of the possibility of related health conditions, and their knowledge and perception. The survey was distributed to the students by email. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Dental first year (D1) and dental second year (D2) were substantially more likely to indicate that orofacial piercings as unacceptable and are less expected to have an orofacial piercing compared to D3 and D4 (p < 0.01). About 16.8% of the students reported previous orofacial piercings. There was a definite correlation between previous orofacial piercings and thinking that is appropriate in society (p < 0.05). Males were significantly more likely to have an orofacial piercing (p < 0.01). The Internet was reported as the most common source of information. The most popular cause for piercings is to be unique and different. Conclusions: Orofacial piercings are relatively frequently used by students in dental school and few students intend on getting one in the future. Knowledge of the hazards of orofacial piercing correlated with the requirement for parental approval. The majority of students think piercings are appropriate in society and know their complications and risks. Clinical significance: Orofacial piercing has been gaining popularity but its risks/complications may not be known by practitioners. There is a need for research to assist dental/medical practitioners in advising, educating, and safeguarding patients by evaluating of the perception and knowledge of students about orofacial piercings.

Progress in Orthodontics, 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphou... more Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CPP-ACP with fluoride (CPP-ACP-F) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded with two different adhesive systems. Methods: One hundred twenty-six human premolar teeth were selected. One hundred twenty teeth were used for SBS testing, and six teeth were used for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. One hundred twenty premolars were divided into mainly three groups: CPP-ACP (group A), CPP-ACP-F (group B), and control group (group C). Each group was subdivided into two groups according to the bonding adhesive, light cure (groups A1, B1, and C1) and chemical cure (groups A2, B2, and C2). The teeth were pre-treated with the group-specified preventive agent 1 h/day for five consecutive days. Standard edgewise brackets were bonded with the respective adhesives. SBS evaluation was done with the universal testing machine. After debonding, all the teeth were scored for adhesive remaining on the buccal surface, in accordance to adhesive remnant index, under a stereomicroscope. The acid-etched enamel surfaces were observed under SEM after treatment with CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP-F, and artificial saliva. Result: In light-cure adhesive group, CPP-ACP-F (B1) showed superior results compared to the control group (C1), whereas the CPP-ACP group (A1) showed lower mean SBS than the control group (C1). Both these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In chemical-cure adhesive group, control group C2 showed significantly superior results (p < 0.05) compared to group A2 and group B2. The results of two-way ANOVA showed highly significant difference due to adhesive types (p < 0.01), whereas enamel pre-treatment showed non-significant difference (p > 0.01). Conclusion: The SBS of the orthodontic brackets was non-significantly affected when the brackets were cured with light-cure bonding system and treated with either CPP-ACP or CPP-ACP-F, whereas with chemical-cure adhesive, decreased bond strength was seen, which was within the clinically acceptable limits.

European journal of paediatric dentistry, 2016

AIM This study evaluated the effect of a single time tooth brushing instruction using video on a ... more AIM This study evaluated the effect of a single time tooth brushing instruction using video on a tablet PC (Apple iPad) compared to operator presentation using jaw model for plaque removal. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 100 children divided into two groups. For Group 1 brushing was demonstrated to the child by the operator with the use of a jaw model. This demonstration was videotaped for subsequent use in Group 2 using a tablet PC (Apple iPad). Plaque index was recorded before and after demonstration of the assigned method of teaching tooth brushing. RESULTS The results showed a significant difference using the two methods. The difference between the mean plaque index values with the jaw model and tablet PC at baseline and after tooth brushing represented 17.27% (50% improvement) and 11.56% (34% improvement) respectively. Boys showed a 18.3%. higher improvement in tooth brushing compared to girls. Seventy-five percent of the children reported u...

Journal of dentistry for children (Chicago, Ill.)

The purposes of this study were to: (1) compare the bond strength of molar bands cemented to stai... more The purposes of this study were to: (1) compare the bond strength of molar bands cemented to stainless steel crowns (SSCs) using glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), or polycarboxylate cement (PXC); and (2) assess the influence of sandblasting molar bands on the mean bond strength between the band and the SSC. Sixty SSCs and 60 molar bands were used. The inner surfaces of 30 molar bands were roughened by sandblasting prior to cementation. The bond strength was measured after dislodging the SSC using a push-out test. In the nonsandblasted group, a significant difference was observed between PXC and RMGIC (P >.04). In the sandblasted group, a significant difference was observed between PXC and RMGIC (P >.02), while there was only a marginal difference between GIC and RMGIC (P >.05). The sandblasted group exhibited superior bond strength overall. However, the only significant improvement was observed for GIC (P >.03). PXC showed the highe...

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2016

Objective: This cross-sectional study compared Saudi children's tooth-brushing practices as repor... more Objective: This cross-sectional study compared Saudi children's tooth-brushing practices as reported by children and parents and then matched the agreement of reports. Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 Saudi parents and their children of ages 8-12 years participated in this cross-sectional investigation. A self-administered structured questionnaire regarding the current tooth-brushing practice and habits at home was filled by the child. The same questionnaire was filled independently by parents. Results: Mothers were more likely to teach children about tooth-brushing and fathers were minimally helping children during tooth-brushing. Mothers were the first to teach the children and approximately 33% of the children started brushing their teeth by age 5. Children and parents reported that children clean their teeth using a toothbrush (73.74% and 76.77%), miswak (5.05% and 5.05%), or both (21.21% and 18.18%), respectively. Conclusions: There was some agreement between reported tooth-brushing practice of children and their parents. It is important to question both the child and parent regarding oral hygiene practice and compare their answers to get more broad knowledge about their practices. Approximately, one-third of the children started brushing their teeth by age 5, which differs from recommended oral hygiene practices.

Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, K... more Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Lecturer, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University Specialist, Pediatric Dentistry Division, Dental Department, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia *Corresponding Author’s E-mail: fabdelmegid@ksu.edu.sa The objective of this investigation was to assess the influence of two surface sealant agents on surface roughness of the nano-hybrid resin composite. Thirty cylindrical specimens were prepared from a nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio) after covering with Mylar matrix strip with no finishing or polishing. The specimens were ra...

Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 2002

in a first degree relative), and the presence of the mutated gene coding for endoglin on chromoso... more in a first degree relative), and the presence of the mutated gene coding for endoglin on chromosome 9, as has been described in her family, 7 was recently confirmed. Therefore, we consider her pulmonary AVM to be an expression of the same disease. We report on one of the youngest patients diagnosed with a pulmonary AVM causing a large right to left shunt. The indication for treatment of the pulmonary AVM was persistent hypoxaemia as well as to prevent neurological sequelae caused by embolic disease. 1 Until the 1980s, the classical treatment for pulmonary AVM was surgery. Since then, embolotherapy using coils or balloons has become the treatment of choice. 5 9 Transcatheter coil embolisation of a large pulmonary AVM has been reported once before in a neonate. 10 This approach is feasible for the treatment of large pulmonary AVMs in infancy, provided that it is performed by a paediatric cardiologist. Arguments favouring surgical intervention are the complexity of the pulmonary AVM and the extent of these lesions, leaving relatively little healthy pulmonary tissue sacrificed in the case of resection of the lobe. In our patient, embolisation was performed because of the selectiveness of the procedure and to avoid the disadvantages of major surgical intervention at this age. Transcatheter embolisation may be considered the primary treatment of pulmonary AVMs in infancy, depending on the angioarchitecture, but long term results of this procedure have to be awaited. Continuing surveillance is necessary to detect short term and long term recurrence, as well as potential development of other pulmonary AVMs, in order to prevent future neurological complications, such as stroke and brain abscess.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate an infant oral health (IOH) educational program to tar... more Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate an infant oral health (IOH) educational program to target freshmen dental students. Methods: A pretest assessment in form of a questionnaire was completed before and immediately after the introduction of 14-minute educational intervention in form of PowerPoint presentation with video. The questionnaire was based on the information presented. Six questions were added to the post test to ask whether students thought the presentation was helpful in improving their knowledge. Results: Before intervention; 45% rated their knowledge of IOH as minimal and 55% as general. These ratings improved after intervention and became 5% minimal, 90% general and 5% extensive. There was a significant difference for the correct answers between the pretest and post-test scores (P < 0.001). The mean score (+ SD) on the pretest was (6.03 ± 0.63), and the mean score on the post-test was (9.40 ± 0.96). Ninety five percent reported the presentation was helpful in ...

Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of a video and a PowerPoint presentation education... more Purpose: This study assessed the effectiveness of a video and a PowerPoint presentation educational intervention about infant oral health care on the knowledge and learning of female dental students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Two hundred eighty-four students from five levels of dental school (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) participated in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and completed by students immediately before and after the educational intervention, which was in the form of a video and a PowerPoint presentation on oral health care of infants. The 14-item multiple-choice questionnaire was based on information presented in the educational intervention to measure short-term recall of knowledge. The presentation educated students about infant oral health care, the first dental visit, correct position of examining the infant and anticipatory guidance. Results: There was a significant difference between the total pre-test and post-...

Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 2021

To evaluate the effects of placing short posts made of different restorative materials on the fra... more To evaluate the effects of placing short posts made of different restorative materials on the fracture resistance of root canals in primary incisors of primary teeth. Materials and Methods: The root canals of 40 extracted primary incisors were prepared and filled with Vitapex and randomly divided into five groups of 8 each. In Groups 1-4, a post space was created and filled with different restorative materials (Tetric ® N-Ceram Bulk Fill, AeliteFlo, Filtek Z250 XT, and GC Fuji II LC ® capsule), while Group 5 was kept filled with Vitapex as a control. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine at a 0.5-mm/min crosshead speed. The results were statistically analyzed and compared. Results: The highest fracture resistance was recorded for GC Fuji II LC capsules [439.82 N] and control [423.37 N], while the lowest fracture resistance was recorded for Tetric ® N Ceram Bulk Fill (239.91 N). A multiple comparison test showed that the Tetric ® N-Ceram Bulk Fill had a significantly lower average value than AeliteFlo (P = 0.030), as well as a significantly lower average value than GC Fuji II LC ® capsule (P = 0.001), and a significantly lower average value than the control group (P = 0.002). Multiple comparison tests showed no significant difference between Tetric ® N-Ceram Bulk Fill and Filtek Z250 XT (P = 0.39). Conclusion: The fracture resistance of primary incisor root canals differs according to the material used for the intracanal posts. Three-millimeter intracanal posts in the primary incisors showed the highest fracture resistance for the teeth restored with GC Fuji II LC capsules and the control.

Lip wound following traumatic crown fractures may be repaired without examining lacerated soft ti... more Lip wound following traumatic crown fractures may be repaired without examining lacerated soft tissue leading to failure to detect the tooth fragments. It is critical that every attempt should be made to locate the missing tooth structure before the wound is closed. This case report presents a child with fractured crowns of central and lateral incisors in which the fragments were embedded in the lower lip and went unnoticed for eleven months until the child presented for dental care. The otolaryngologist in the emergency department of a hospital failed to notice the presence of the tooth fragments in the lower lip which, highlighting the significance of soft tissue examination even in late presentation of trauma cases. The existence of crown fractures and lacerated lip should alert the clinician to their potential loss in the lacerated wound and therefore careful examination before closure using radiographs if necessary

AIM To assess the influence of three probiotic mouthrinses on the microhardness of three esthetic... more AIM To assess the influence of three probiotic mouthrinses on the microhardness of three esthetic materials used for teeth restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty specimens of each material: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer, and resin composite were randomly assigned to three groups. Surface microhardness was measured at baseline. The specimens were immersed in probiotic mouthrinses, group I: (P2 probiotic power), group II: (Probioclean), and group III (BōKU natural). Microhardness was measured after 21 and 63 minutes of immersion which is comparable with 3 and 9 weeks of mouthrinse use every day, respectively. Measurements of microhardness were completed using Micro Vickers testing machine with a 200 g load applied for a duration of 15 seconds. RESULTS The microhardness change of the three restorative materials reveled statistically significant differences in all mouthrinse groups (p = 0.001). BōKU natural mouthrinse decreased microhardness s...

Pediatric dentistry

A review of the literature on the prevalence of sucking habits shows that it varies from one popu... more A review of the literature on the prevalence of sucking habits shows that it varies from one population to another. The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine the prevalence of sucking habits among preschool Saudi children living in Riyadh City, 2) assess the influence of some cultural factors on that prevalence, and 3) to study the effect these habits might have on the primary dentition. This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey questionnaire and clinical examination of 583 Saudi children aged 3-5 years using a stratified cluster random sampling technique. The prevalence of sucking habits was 48.36% with the dummy-sucking as the dominant type. Most dummy-suckers had broken their habits in the first few years of life while more digit-suckers were still active at age 5 years. Sucking habits were only related to parents' education and the child feeding methods without significant effect of gender or birth rank or family income. Children with existing digit su...

Pediatric Dentistry

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VibraJect, a vibrating attachment ... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of VibraJect, a vibrating attachment for a traditional syringe, in reducing pain related disruptive behavior and self-reported pain in children receiving local anesthesia. The procedure involved a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study of 90 children receiving local anesthesia for routine restorative procedures. Participants were randomly assigned to either a control (injection as usual) or experimental (injection using the VibraJect) group. Participants were recruited from a large, urban pediatric dental clinic within a university medical center. Using 2-way analysis of variance and 2-tailed, between-subject t tests, there were no significant differences between injection with and without the VibraJect on any measures of pain, including self-reported intensity, independent direct observations of pain related disruptive behavior, and subjective dentist ratings. VibraJect did not provide any benefits over a conventiona...

Pediatric Dentistry

The purpose of this randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was to evaluate and compare ... more The purpose of this randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the behavioral differences resulting from the sedative effects of atomized buccal (transmucosal) and atomized intranasal (parenteral) midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) as a method for sedation of pediatric dental patients. Twenty-five 36- to 72-month-old patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups that were sedated with either atomized buccal in the first visit or intranasal midazolam in the second visit (0.3 mg/kg). Patient be- havior was rated, and drug acceptance by method of administration was determined. There were no statistically significant differences between both groups in maximum working time. There were significant differences between both groups in drug acceptance (P=.008) and onset time (P=.00). The statistical differences between the two groups were not significant in all behavior rating scales, except for the crying rating scale, since the buccal group showed more cry...

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2010

To assess the attitudes, behavior, and demographics of general dentists in the state of Nebraska ... more To assess the attitudes, behavior, and demographics of general dentists in the state of Nebraska with regard to overall prenatal oral health counseling for pregnant women. The survey asked for demographic information, number of years practicing dentistry, and patient base. The survey also asked questions about prenatal oral health counseling for pregnant women. A self-addressed stamped envelope was enclosed for dentists' returned responses. Out of the 800 surveys sent, 371 (46.4%) were returned. Nearly 50% of general dentists in Nebraska who responded to the survey do not provide any prenatal counseling (45.6%) and 5.9% provide prenatal counseling only once a year. There were no correlations between providing prenatal counseling and age of general dentists, gender of general dentists, type of practice, and length of time in practice or additional training completed. When asked why they do not provide prenatal counseling, 19.7% say that it is not a priority for the office and 9.5...

Objective: The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of different denture cle... more Objective: The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of different denture cleansers and distilled water on color stability of self-polymerized (SP) and heat-polymerized (HP) acrylic denture base materials. Methods: Specimens were prepared from HP (Lucitone 199) and SP (Rapid Repair) acrylic resin denture base materials and distributed into different groups/15 each. Specimens were immersed in distilled water as control and in three different denture cleansers (Corega, Polident, and StainAway Plus) according to the manufacturer's specifications and immersion was repeated 7 times over 7 days. All specimens in different groups were measured for color stability using a spectrophotometer against a white background under a standard illumination of D65. Statistical analyses were performed using one and two-way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Results: No significant color change in HP acrylic base material immersed in denture cleansers compared to the con...

Purpose:The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of OneGloss and PoGo one-step polishi... more Purpose:The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of OneGloss and PoGo one-step polishing systems and an office-bleaching agent (Ultradent Opalescence Boost PF 40%) oncolor of two nanocomposite resin restorative materials (Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Filtek Z350 XTafter exposure to a staining solution. Methods:Forty-five cylindrical specimens (8 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) were prepared from each resin composite according to the manufacturer's instructions. Specimens were finished using a tungsten carbide finishing bur andthen thermocycled. The specimens prepared from each material were randomly allocated to three subgroups with 15 specimens in each restorative material. All specimens were measured for color (T1) using spectrophotometer Color-Eye 7000A. All specimens were immersed in staining coffee solution for 4 days and then measured for color (T2).Each group was subjected to different surface treatment, which included OneGloss or PoGo polishing systems for 30 se...

Pediatric dentistry, 2019

Purpose: To compare the effect of different combination of prophylaxis-polishing pastes and cups/... more Purpose: To compare the effect of different combination of prophylaxis-polishing pastes and cups/brushes on the surface gloss of three restorative materials (Filtek Z350, Tetric N-Ceram, and Ionofil Plus AC). Methods: Ninety disk-shaped specimens were prepared from each material, thermocycled, and randomly allocated into nine groups with 10 specimens each. Specimens were measured at baseline for gloss. Then, prophylaxis polishing pastes and cups/brushes were used, according to the instructions of the manufacturers. The second time measurements for gloss were completed. Results: The mean change of gloss among the three materials was statistically significant (P<0.0001). The two-way interaction terms "material and brush," "material and paste," and "brush and paste" indicated a statistically significant difference in mean change of gloss (P<0.0001, P<0.0001, and P<0.0001, respectively). The three-way interaction terms "material and brush a...

The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2020

OBJECTIVE Whitening toothpastes are widely used. Hence, it is important to understand their effec... more OBJECTIVE Whitening toothpastes are widely used. Hence, it is important to understand their effect on the surface properties of restorative materials. To evaluate the effect of three over-the-counter whitening toothpastes and toothbrushing simulation on microhardness of three restorative materials. STUDY DESIGN Forty cylindrical (10×2mm) specimens were prepared from each restorative material and randomly assigned into four groups/10 each according to the whitening toothpastes used and distilled water (control). All specimens were measured for microhardness (Baseline-T1). The specimens were brushed with a soft brush using an in vitro tooth-brushing simulator with the assigned whitening toothpaste using the same setting for brushing cycles/load for all groups. Specimens were then measured for microhardness (T2) similar to baseline. RESULTS The highest (mean±SD) microhardness after application of the whitening toothpastes and brushing was recorded for Intense White and Filtek Z250 XT (...