Fozia Farhat - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Fozia Farhat

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Antioxidant Defense in Plants

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology

Plants

Wastewater irrigation is a substitute for surface water scarcity, but traces of heavy metals (HMs... more Wastewater irrigation is a substitute for surface water scarcity, but traces of heavy metals (HMs) result in deleterious implications for soil, crop productivity, and in humans. Crops presenting HMs tolerance in genetic behavior are important for producing tolerant genotypes cultivated under wastewater irrigation. In the first part of this experiment, the results obtained previously are re-assessed in a hydroponic system and similar patterns and concentrations of HMs are found in different tomato organs. Following this trial, the tomato’s (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genetic basis of traits conferring HMs tolerance and yield are assessed when irrigated with waste or canal water. The North Carolina Mating II analysis illustrate the amount of gene action, nature, and inheritance pattern. Genetic components depict the involvement of non-additive, additive, and maternal genetic effects in HMs tolerance inheritance and yield. A noticeable increase in cumulative additive variance for the num...

Sustainability

Climate change is aggravating soil salinity, causing huge crop losses around the globe. Multiple ... more Climate change is aggravating soil salinity, causing huge crop losses around the globe. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. A pot experiment was performed to understand the impact of proline levels, i.e., 0, 10, 20 mM on growth, biochemical and yield attributes of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars (cv. L-888 and cv. Round) under salt stress (150 mM) along with control (0 mM; no stress). The pots were filled with river-washed sand; all the plants were irrigated with full-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution and grown for two weeks before application of salt stress. Foliar spray of proline was applied to 46-day-old pea plants, once a week till harvest. Data for various growth and physio-biochemical attributes were collected from 70-day-old pea plants. Imposition of salt stress significantly checked growth, gas exchange characteristics [net CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g...

Life

The individual application of pure and active compounds such as methionine may help to address wa... more The individual application of pure and active compounds such as methionine may help to address water scarcity issues without compromising the yield of wheat. As organic plant growth stimulants, amino acids are popularly used to promote the productivity of crops. However, the influence of the exogenous application of methionine in wheat remains elusive. The present investigation was planned in order to understand the impact of methionine in wheat under drought stress. Two wheat genotypes were allowed to grow with 100% field capacity (FC) up to the three-leaf stage. Twenty-five-day-old seedlings of two wheat genotypes, Galaxy-13 and Johar-16, were subjected to 40% FC, denoted as water deficit-stress (D), along with 100% FC, called control (C), with and without L-methionine (Met; 4 mM) foliar treatment. Water deficit significantly reduced shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights, seed yield, photosynthetic, gas exchange attributes except for transpiration rate (E), and shoot mineral i...

Frontiers in Plant Science

Article History Received: February 15, 2020 Revised: April 07, 2020 Accepted: April 16, 2020 Salt... more Article History Received: February 15, 2020 Revised: April 07, 2020 Accepted: April 16, 2020 Salt stress impact was appraised on different antioxidative enzymes, MDA and H2O2 in ten spring wheat cultivars i.e., S-24, Lasani, Fsd-2008, Saher-2006, Inqlab-91, AARI10, P.B-18, S.H-20, M.P-65, and G.A-20 when salinity applied at the seedling stage. The wheat cultivars were grown under saline (150 mM) and non-saline regimes (0 mM) in pots filled with sand. Diverse response in all wheat cultivars was observed in different studied attributes. Saline stress markedly decline SOD, CAT and POD conc. in different wheat cultivars. While some cultivars (S-24, Lasani, AARI-10 and GA-20) showed increase in these attributes under saline condition as compared to control. MDA and H2O2 content were increased in different wheat cultivars due to imposition of salt stress at the seedling stage. Whereas decrease in some cultivars was recorded in these attributes under saline regime than in non-saline condit...

Frontiers in Plant Science

It has been established that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a higher Cd absorption capacity tha... more It has been established that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a higher Cd absorption capacity than other cereal crops causing an excess daily Cd intake and a huge threat for public health. Therefore, the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat from the soil is a crucial food-security issue. A pot trial was performed on Cd-stressed wheat seedlings to evaluate the morphological and physio-biochemical responses via foliage spray of two different bio-stimulants, i.e., ascorbic acid (AsA) and moringa leaf extract (MLE). Two wheat cultivars (Fsd-08 and Glxy-13) were exposed to cadmium (CdCl2.5H2O) stress (0, 500, and 1,000 μM), along with foliar spray of AsA (0 and 50 mM) and MLE (0 and 3%). The most observable growth reduction was documented in plants that are exposed to a higher Cd concentration (1,000 μM), followed by the lower Cd level (500 μM). The wheat growth attributes, such as number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, biomass yield, shoot/root length, and leaf area, ...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fe... more Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regi...

Methods: In vitro grown seedlings from decontaminated seeds were micropropagated in basal MS medi... more Methods: In vitro grown seedlings from decontaminated seeds were micropropagated in basal MS medium at 23±2C temperature and light intensity of 3000 Lux for 16 hours in culture room. In vitro grown nodal explants were supplemented with BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) with basal MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium to induce multiple shoots. Indole butyric acid (IBA; 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L) was supplemented to MS medium to develop roots of micropropagated shoots. Internodes and leaves of micropropagated shoots used to induce callus in MS medium enriched with varying concentration of 2, 4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4 D; 0 to 2.0mg/L) and kinetin (KIN; 0 to 1.0mg/L). Shoot initiation from callus was tested by adding 2, 4-D (0.1 to 2.0 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 to 1.5 mg/L) in basal MS medium. Conditions were carefully monitored during the experiment. After hardening, the micropropagated plantlets were placed in open filed environment in pots filled with sand and peat moss (...

Methods: CPF-248, a drought sensitive variety was used to induce stress tolerance using somaclona... more Methods: CPF-248, a drought sensitive variety was used to induce stress tolerance using somaclonal variation approach. Various combinations of callogenesis and regeneration media were used to induce soma clonal variations. The plants, thus achieved, were subjected to drought selection pressure using different concentrations of PEG, the selected plants were referred as in vitro selected putative somaclonal variants 1 & 2 (IPSV1 & IPSV2). These two plants were then subjected to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions by planting them in soil filled plastic pots. The in vitro grown seedlings named as in vitro selected putative somaclonal variants along with parent plants were subjected to drought conditions by withholding watering for 8 days. After 10 days of treatment, data for photosynthetic and biochemical attributes were recorded and subjected to comparison. The activity of antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase ...

Wilting and ionic disturbance are consequences of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants. The Cd interfe... more Wilting and ionic disturbance are consequences of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants. The Cd interferes with uptake, transport and utilization of many micro and macronutrients, resultantly caused ionic imbalance. The Cd chloride (CdCl2.H2O) salt was used to induce Cd stress (0, 500 μM, 1000 μM) at three leaves seedlings stage and at the same time, moringa leaf extract (3%) was foliarly applied on two cultivars of wheat (Faisalabad-08 and Galaxy-13) for maintaining ionic and water status. Data for wheat biomass, water, solute, pressure potential and ionic (calcium, potassium, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and Cd) attributes were collected at tillering and boot stage of wheat. The inhibitory effect of Cd was more pronounced in root fresh and dry weight. Water and solute potential reduced with Cd stress but elevated significantly with MLE under Cd (500 μM) stress at tillering stage of wheat. Moreover, both wheat cultivars are sensitive to 1000 μM Cd. More accumulation of Ca, K, NO3 and Cd ...

Salt stress impact was appraised on different antioxidative enzymes, MDA and H2O2 in ten spring w... more Salt stress impact was appraised on different antioxidative enzymes, MDA and H2O2 in ten spring wheat cultivars i.e., S-24, Lasani, Fsd-2008, Saher-2006, Inqlab-91, AARI-10, P.B-18, S.H-20, M.P-65, and G.A-20 when salinity applied at the seedling stage. The wheat cultivars were grown under saline (150 mM) and non-saline regimes (0 mM) in pots filled with sand. Diverse response in all wheat cultivars was observed in different studied attributes. Saline stress markedly decline SOD, CAT and POD conc. in different wheat cultivars. While some cultivars (S-24, Lasani, AARI-10 and GA-20) showed increase in these attributes under saline condition as compared to control. MDA and H2O2 content were increased in different wheat cultivars due to imposition of salt stress at the seedling stage. Whereas decrease in some cultivars was recorded in these attributes under saline regime than in non-saline conditions. Of all wheat cultivars, S-24, Lasani, AARI-10 and GA-20 showed high antioxidative acti...

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2021

Moringa oleifera (Sohanjna) is considered as a miraculous plant for pertaining a handsome blend o... more Moringa oleifera (Sohanjna) is considered as a miraculous plant for pertaining a handsome blend of growth promoting substances. The glistening effects of moringa leaf extract (MLE) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were investigated at two stages of wheat grown under cadmium (Cd) stress. The cadmium chloride (CdCl2.5H2O) was used to induce Cd stress (0, 500 μmol/L, 1000 μmol/L) at three leaf seedlings stage along with foliar spray of moringa leaves extract (3%) and ascorbic acid (50 mmol/L). Data was collected at two stages (Tillering and Boot) of wheat. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and total soluble protein (TSP) increased significantly with foliar spray of MLE and AsA at boot stage of wheat under Cd (500 μmol/L) stress, while elevated level of Cd irreversibly damage antioxidant response by accumulating higher amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Furthermore, quercetin, galli...

Terpenes and Terpenoids, 2018

Diterpenes are one of the classes of natural products with about 7000 structures. The basic skele... more Diterpenes are one of the classes of natural products with about 7000 structures. The basic skeleton of diterpene contains 20 carbon atoms. Microbes contain a large number of diterpenoid with many oxidized carbons and nitrogen atoms. To date, a number of secondary metabolites have been isolated from fungal sources, and some of these examples showed diverse structural features and interesting biological activities. These classes of compounds have attracted the interest of natural product scientist due to their potential biological activities. This chapter includes recently (2013-2018) isolated compounds from various fungal sources especially cythane, clerodanes, halimanes, abietane, and indoletype diterpenes. Biosynthetic pathway of plants and fungi diterpenes showed homology at initial steps but showed differences at latter steps. The biological activity and 13 C-NMR data of these recently isolated compounds have been discussed. These diterpenes exhibited potential nitric oxide, anticancer, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. The diterpenes are clerodane, labdane, and kaurane derivatives. A brief discussion on the 13 C-NMR chemical shifts of these diterpenes has been discussed at the end of each type.

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

Antioxidant Defense in Plants

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology

Plants

Wastewater irrigation is a substitute for surface water scarcity, but traces of heavy metals (HMs... more Wastewater irrigation is a substitute for surface water scarcity, but traces of heavy metals (HMs) result in deleterious implications for soil, crop productivity, and in humans. Crops presenting HMs tolerance in genetic behavior are important for producing tolerant genotypes cultivated under wastewater irrigation. In the first part of this experiment, the results obtained previously are re-assessed in a hydroponic system and similar patterns and concentrations of HMs are found in different tomato organs. Following this trial, the tomato’s (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genetic basis of traits conferring HMs tolerance and yield are assessed when irrigated with waste or canal water. The North Carolina Mating II analysis illustrate the amount of gene action, nature, and inheritance pattern. Genetic components depict the involvement of non-additive, additive, and maternal genetic effects in HMs tolerance inheritance and yield. A noticeable increase in cumulative additive variance for the num...

Sustainability

Climate change is aggravating soil salinity, causing huge crop losses around the globe. Multiple ... more Climate change is aggravating soil salinity, causing huge crop losses around the globe. Multiple physiological and biochemical pathways determine the ability of plants to tolerate salt stress. A pot experiment was performed to understand the impact of proline levels, i.e., 0, 10, 20 mM on growth, biochemical and yield attributes of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars (cv. L-888 and cv. Round) under salt stress (150 mM) along with control (0 mM; no stress). The pots were filled with river-washed sand; all the plants were irrigated with full-strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution and grown for two weeks before application of salt stress. Foliar spray of proline was applied to 46-day-old pea plants, once a week till harvest. Data for various growth and physio-biochemical attributes were collected from 70-day-old pea plants. Imposition of salt stress significantly checked growth, gas exchange characteristics [net CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g...

Life

The individual application of pure and active compounds such as methionine may help to address wa... more The individual application of pure and active compounds such as methionine may help to address water scarcity issues without compromising the yield of wheat. As organic plant growth stimulants, amino acids are popularly used to promote the productivity of crops. However, the influence of the exogenous application of methionine in wheat remains elusive. The present investigation was planned in order to understand the impact of methionine in wheat under drought stress. Two wheat genotypes were allowed to grow with 100% field capacity (FC) up to the three-leaf stage. Twenty-five-day-old seedlings of two wheat genotypes, Galaxy-13 and Johar-16, were subjected to 40% FC, denoted as water deficit-stress (D), along with 100% FC, called control (C), with and without L-methionine (Met; 4 mM) foliar treatment. Water deficit significantly reduced shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights, seed yield, photosynthetic, gas exchange attributes except for transpiration rate (E), and shoot mineral i...

Frontiers in Plant Science

Article History Received: February 15, 2020 Revised: April 07, 2020 Accepted: April 16, 2020 Salt... more Article History Received: February 15, 2020 Revised: April 07, 2020 Accepted: April 16, 2020 Salt stress impact was appraised on different antioxidative enzymes, MDA and H2O2 in ten spring wheat cultivars i.e., S-24, Lasani, Fsd-2008, Saher-2006, Inqlab-91, AARI10, P.B-18, S.H-20, M.P-65, and G.A-20 when salinity applied at the seedling stage. The wheat cultivars were grown under saline (150 mM) and non-saline regimes (0 mM) in pots filled with sand. Diverse response in all wheat cultivars was observed in different studied attributes. Saline stress markedly decline SOD, CAT and POD conc. in different wheat cultivars. While some cultivars (S-24, Lasani, AARI-10 and GA-20) showed increase in these attributes under saline condition as compared to control. MDA and H2O2 content were increased in different wheat cultivars due to imposition of salt stress at the seedling stage. Whereas decrease in some cultivars was recorded in these attributes under saline regime than in non-saline condit...

Frontiers in Plant Science

It has been established that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a higher Cd absorption capacity tha... more It has been established that wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has a higher Cd absorption capacity than other cereal crops causing an excess daily Cd intake and a huge threat for public health. Therefore, the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat from the soil is a crucial food-security issue. A pot trial was performed on Cd-stressed wheat seedlings to evaluate the morphological and physio-biochemical responses via foliage spray of two different bio-stimulants, i.e., ascorbic acid (AsA) and moringa leaf extract (MLE). Two wheat cultivars (Fsd-08 and Glxy-13) were exposed to cadmium (CdCl2.5H2O) stress (0, 500, and 1,000 μM), along with foliar spray of AsA (0 and 50 mM) and MLE (0 and 3%). The most observable growth reduction was documented in plants that are exposed to a higher Cd concentration (1,000 μM), followed by the lower Cd level (500 μM). The wheat growth attributes, such as number of leaves per plant, number of tillers per plant, biomass yield, shoot/root length, and leaf area, ...

PLOS ONE, 2021

Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fe... more Environmental stresses may alter the nutritional profile and economic value of crops. Chemical fertilizers and phytohormones are major sources which can enhance the canola production under stressful conditions. Physio-biochemical responses of canola altered remarkably with the use of nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (N/P/K) fertilizers and plant growth regulators (PGRs) under drought stress. The major aim of current study was to evaluate nutritional quality and physio-biochemical modulation in canola (Brassica napus L.) from early growth to seed stage with NPK and PGRs in different water regimes. To monitor biochemical and physiological processes in canola, two season field experiment was conducted as spilt plot under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments (Control, Chemical fertilizers [N (90 kg/ha), P and K (45 kg ha-1)], PGRs; indole acetic acid (IAA) 15g ha-1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 15g ha-1 and the combination of NPK and PGRs] under different irrigations regi...

Methods: In vitro grown seedlings from decontaminated seeds were micropropagated in basal MS medi... more Methods: In vitro grown seedlings from decontaminated seeds were micropropagated in basal MS medium at 23±2C temperature and light intensity of 3000 Lux for 16 hours in culture room. In vitro grown nodal explants were supplemented with BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid) with basal MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium to induce multiple shoots. Indole butyric acid (IBA; 0.1 to 2.0 mg/L) was supplemented to MS medium to develop roots of micropropagated shoots. Internodes and leaves of micropropagated shoots used to induce callus in MS medium enriched with varying concentration of 2, 4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4 D; 0 to 2.0mg/L) and kinetin (KIN; 0 to 1.0mg/L). Shoot initiation from callus was tested by adding 2, 4-D (0.1 to 2.0 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 to 1.5 mg/L) in basal MS medium. Conditions were carefully monitored during the experiment. After hardening, the micropropagated plantlets were placed in open filed environment in pots filled with sand and peat moss (...

Methods: CPF-248, a drought sensitive variety was used to induce stress tolerance using somaclona... more Methods: CPF-248, a drought sensitive variety was used to induce stress tolerance using somaclonal variation approach. Various combinations of callogenesis and regeneration media were used to induce soma clonal variations. The plants, thus achieved, were subjected to drought selection pressure using different concentrations of PEG, the selected plants were referred as in vitro selected putative somaclonal variants 1 & 2 (IPSV1 & IPSV2). These two plants were then subjected to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions by planting them in soil filled plastic pots. The in vitro grown seedlings named as in vitro selected putative somaclonal variants along with parent plants were subjected to drought conditions by withholding watering for 8 days. After 10 days of treatment, data for photosynthetic and biochemical attributes were recorded and subjected to comparison. The activity of antioxidants enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase ...

Wilting and ionic disturbance are consequences of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants. The Cd interfe... more Wilting and ionic disturbance are consequences of cadmium (Cd) toxicity in plants. The Cd interferes with uptake, transport and utilization of many micro and macronutrients, resultantly caused ionic imbalance. The Cd chloride (CdCl2.H2O) salt was used to induce Cd stress (0, 500 μM, 1000 μM) at three leaves seedlings stage and at the same time, moringa leaf extract (3%) was foliarly applied on two cultivars of wheat (Faisalabad-08 and Galaxy-13) for maintaining ionic and water status. Data for wheat biomass, water, solute, pressure potential and ionic (calcium, potassium, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and Cd) attributes were collected at tillering and boot stage of wheat. The inhibitory effect of Cd was more pronounced in root fresh and dry weight. Water and solute potential reduced with Cd stress but elevated significantly with MLE under Cd (500 μM) stress at tillering stage of wheat. Moreover, both wheat cultivars are sensitive to 1000 μM Cd. More accumulation of Ca, K, NO3 and Cd ...

Salt stress impact was appraised on different antioxidative enzymes, MDA and H2O2 in ten spring w... more Salt stress impact was appraised on different antioxidative enzymes, MDA and H2O2 in ten spring wheat cultivars i.e., S-24, Lasani, Fsd-2008, Saher-2006, Inqlab-91, AARI-10, P.B-18, S.H-20, M.P-65, and G.A-20 when salinity applied at the seedling stage. The wheat cultivars were grown under saline (150 mM) and non-saline regimes (0 mM) in pots filled with sand. Diverse response in all wheat cultivars was observed in different studied attributes. Saline stress markedly decline SOD, CAT and POD conc. in different wheat cultivars. While some cultivars (S-24, Lasani, AARI-10 and GA-20) showed increase in these attributes under saline condition as compared to control. MDA and H2O2 content were increased in different wheat cultivars due to imposition of salt stress at the seedling stage. Whereas decrease in some cultivars was recorded in these attributes under saline regime than in non-saline conditions. Of all wheat cultivars, S-24, Lasani, AARI-10 and GA-20 showed high antioxidative acti...

Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2021

Moringa oleifera (Sohanjna) is considered as a miraculous plant for pertaining a handsome blend o... more Moringa oleifera (Sohanjna) is considered as a miraculous plant for pertaining a handsome blend of growth promoting substances. The glistening effects of moringa leaf extract (MLE) and ascorbic acid (AsA) were investigated at two stages of wheat grown under cadmium (Cd) stress. The cadmium chloride (CdCl2.5H2O) was used to induce Cd stress (0, 500 μmol/L, 1000 μmol/L) at three leaf seedlings stage along with foliar spray of moringa leaves extract (3%) and ascorbic acid (50 mmol/L). Data was collected at two stages (Tillering and Boot) of wheat. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and total soluble protein (TSP) increased significantly with foliar spray of MLE and AsA at boot stage of wheat under Cd (500 μmol/L) stress, while elevated level of Cd irreversibly damage antioxidant response by accumulating higher amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Furthermore, quercetin, galli...

Terpenes and Terpenoids, 2018

Diterpenes are one of the classes of natural products with about 7000 structures. The basic skele... more Diterpenes are one of the classes of natural products with about 7000 structures. The basic skeleton of diterpene contains 20 carbon atoms. Microbes contain a large number of diterpenoid with many oxidized carbons and nitrogen atoms. To date, a number of secondary metabolites have been isolated from fungal sources, and some of these examples showed diverse structural features and interesting biological activities. These classes of compounds have attracted the interest of natural product scientist due to their potential biological activities. This chapter includes recently (2013-2018) isolated compounds from various fungal sources especially cythane, clerodanes, halimanes, abietane, and indoletype diterpenes. Biosynthetic pathway of plants and fungi diterpenes showed homology at initial steps but showed differences at latter steps. The biological activity and 13 C-NMR data of these recently isolated compounds have been discussed. These diterpenes exhibited potential nitric oxide, anticancer, antioxidant, and antitumor properties. The diterpenes are clerodane, labdane, and kaurane derivatives. A brief discussion on the 13 C-NMR chemical shifts of these diterpenes has been discussed at the end of each type.

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences