Francis Tatel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Francis Tatel
Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 2019
This paper examines linguistic insecurity among Filipinos as a hindrance to the progress of Phili... more This paper examines linguistic insecurity among Filipinos as a hindrance to the progress of Philippine English in Schneider's Dynamic Model. Using Watts' sociocognitive approach to language and Rosenberg and Hovland's (1960) tripartite model of attitude, the connection among language myths in the Philippines, standardlanguage ideology and prescriptivism is unraveled with the aim of showing that PhE is progressing towards endonormative stabilization. Moreover, this paper introduces the concept of debate tradition, and advances that it is a powerful catalyst in the alteration of linguistic prescriptivism. It is argued that it is necessary to alter the discourse archive of prescriptivism that governs General American English for PhE norm to be completely accepted by Filipinos. To prove diminishing prescriptivism, the change in language attitude towards PhE is shown by comparing surveys. Finally, a graph is presented that clearly shows the weakening of the complaint tradition, which is a strong indicator of endonormative stabilization.
Rizal's desire to use El Filibusterismo to present the various sectors and aspects of the society... more Rizal's desire to use El Filibusterismo to present the various sectors and aspects of the society of his time more than to weave a coherent fictional narrative reflecting the society of his time makes his novel suffer. The sequel to Noli Me Tangere looks more like a chronicle or an annals instead of a creative work of fiction. As a reader I feel like I'm reading isolated short stories about people from different walks of life instead of one coherent fictional narrative. For example Basilio represents a diligent and intelligent student who is determine to get an education despite the odds being against him. Kabesang Tales represents oppressed farmers who tried to fight for justice but only failed as no one is brave enough to side with him. Quiroga is a representative of the group of Chinese merchant in the Philippines who just wanted to prosper. Ginoong Pasta symbolizes lawyers who have lost hope, became cynical and were afraid to fight against the abusive government. Sandoval… Despite the few circumstances that connect these characters, the readers don't feel like they are really connected to one another and that they belong in one coherent lengthy narrative. The titles of the chapters are insipid because they contain no sense of mystery. They appear like titles of an essay. They won't even work as accurate titles of personality sketches. Thinking about this fact, I realized that Rizal followed the way early English novelist titled the chapters of their novels. Some examples of this are Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Henry Fielding's Shamela. Other book of tales with this way of making chapter titles are Voltaire's Candide and Samuel Johnson's Rasselas. The titles of the chapters directly reflect the content of the chapter and do not leave a chance for the reader to speculate and be excited. I think the only chapter which is interesting is " Merry Christmas " because it is ironic. The chapter actually talks not about a happy Christmas but a sad one.
Drafts by Francis Tatel
This seminal dictionary includes the collocate "based from" as one of the entries. It is parsed a... more This seminal dictionary includes the collocate "based from" as one of the entries. It is parsed as adjective and defined as "based on", meaning, synonymous to "based on." Although Bautista dismissed "based from" as a distinct grammatical feature in her book Defining Standard Philippine English: Its Status and Grammatical Features (2000) for not reaching the required minimum number of appearances, i.e., in at least 15 different texts in the International Corpus of English--Philippines, it still appeared five times. This, despite that much of the corpus is composed of edited materials produced by "educated" Filipinos (adults, 18 or over, who have received formal education through English as medium of instruction to the completion of at least secondary school) (Bautista, 2000). Due to this, Bautista and Gonzalez (2006) made an observation that "[t]he most obvious features of the Southeast Asian [English] varieties is the lack of mastery of idioms and of standard forms of two-word verbs or verb-pluspreposition combinations ([an] example from Philippine English: 'based from' instead of Standard English 'based on'…)." However, in 2010, it appears that the Anvil-Macquarie Philippine English Dictionary Revised Edition tried to remove "based from" from Standard Philippine English lexicon by foregrounding the nominal lemma "base" and putting the verb form in the end with the clarification thus: "to base something on something else is to use the first thing as a support for everything else." To concretize its linguistic instantiation, it offers the prepositional phrase "to base an argument on facts" (18) as an example. Eight years after the Anvil-Macquaries' attempt at removal and eighteen years after Bautista's dismissal of "based from", it is amazing to learn that is has not fallen out of grace nor favor among educated Filipinos. In a pedagogical paper by Bernardo entitled An Endocentric Approach to English Grammar Teaching, he explained that: in the local variety of English, Philippine English, the collocates result to, based from, and cope up with and the phrase Ø majority are evident; that is, they are used by a large number of educated Filipinos, and their use is acceptable (Bernardo 2013a); thus, they may no longer be considered as deviations or errors. (107) Cognitive Linguistics acknowledges the fact that the basic architecture of language involves socially and culturally situated cognition. Hence, cognitive linguists argue that the emergence of language as such and the presence of specific features in a language can only be explored sufficiently if linguists take into account the socially interactive nature of linguistic communication (Geeraerts, Kristiansen, & Peirsman, 2010).
Silencing is one of the most common practices in journalism especially if the issue is sensitive ... more Silencing is one of the most common practices in journalism especially if the issue is sensitive or critical. This paper looks into silencing as practiced in two articles from two leading Philippine national dailies.
Stylistic analysis of Robert Frost's 'The Road Not Taken' using cognitive metaphor approach and b... more Stylistic analysis of Robert Frost's 'The Road Not Taken' using cognitive metaphor approach and biographical criticism.
This short paper discusses the development of a bilingual child in comparison with the developmen... more This short paper discusses the development of a bilingual child in comparison with the development of a monolingual child.
connectionism (n.) An application in linguistics of a computational framework for modelling cogni... more connectionism (n.) An application in linguistics of a computational framework for modelling cognitive functions, based on numerical computation rather than symbol manipulation. A connectionist network (or neural network) is devised which models the kinds of structures and processes thought to operate in the brain: the processing units in the network are called 'neurons' (in an abstract sense) or 'nodes', each being excited or inhibited (according to certain numerical formulae) by information obtained from the other units to which it is connected. The pattern of neuronal activity represents the data being processed by the network. A particular interpretation (e.g. of speech input data) is likely to depend on the activity pattern of a large number of related units ('distributed representation'), the properties of which can be demonstrated only through statistical analysis. Because all the processing units compute at the same time, the approach is also known as parallel distributed processing. This approach contrasts with the view that people process sentences by transforming representations according to a set of rules, and rejects the notion that speakers internalize grammars, in the generative sense. Areas of application include the modelling of the non-discrete and statistical properties of language use, and the study of language processing within psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and computational linguistics (e.g. automatic speech recognition).
Philippine Journal of Linguistics, 2019
This paper examines linguistic insecurity among Filipinos as a hindrance to the progress of Phili... more This paper examines linguistic insecurity among Filipinos as a hindrance to the progress of Philippine English in Schneider's Dynamic Model. Using Watts' sociocognitive approach to language and Rosenberg and Hovland's (1960) tripartite model of attitude, the connection among language myths in the Philippines, standardlanguage ideology and prescriptivism is unraveled with the aim of showing that PhE is progressing towards endonormative stabilization. Moreover, this paper introduces the concept of debate tradition, and advances that it is a powerful catalyst in the alteration of linguistic prescriptivism. It is argued that it is necessary to alter the discourse archive of prescriptivism that governs General American English for PhE norm to be completely accepted by Filipinos. To prove diminishing prescriptivism, the change in language attitude towards PhE is shown by comparing surveys. Finally, a graph is presented that clearly shows the weakening of the complaint tradition, which is a strong indicator of endonormative stabilization.
Rizal's desire to use El Filibusterismo to present the various sectors and aspects of the society... more Rizal's desire to use El Filibusterismo to present the various sectors and aspects of the society of his time more than to weave a coherent fictional narrative reflecting the society of his time makes his novel suffer. The sequel to Noli Me Tangere looks more like a chronicle or an annals instead of a creative work of fiction. As a reader I feel like I'm reading isolated short stories about people from different walks of life instead of one coherent fictional narrative. For example Basilio represents a diligent and intelligent student who is determine to get an education despite the odds being against him. Kabesang Tales represents oppressed farmers who tried to fight for justice but only failed as no one is brave enough to side with him. Quiroga is a representative of the group of Chinese merchant in the Philippines who just wanted to prosper. Ginoong Pasta symbolizes lawyers who have lost hope, became cynical and were afraid to fight against the abusive government. Sandoval… Despite the few circumstances that connect these characters, the readers don't feel like they are really connected to one another and that they belong in one coherent lengthy narrative. The titles of the chapters are insipid because they contain no sense of mystery. They appear like titles of an essay. They won't even work as accurate titles of personality sketches. Thinking about this fact, I realized that Rizal followed the way early English novelist titled the chapters of their novels. Some examples of this are Samuel Richardson's Pamela and Henry Fielding's Shamela. Other book of tales with this way of making chapter titles are Voltaire's Candide and Samuel Johnson's Rasselas. The titles of the chapters directly reflect the content of the chapter and do not leave a chance for the reader to speculate and be excited. I think the only chapter which is interesting is " Merry Christmas " because it is ironic. The chapter actually talks not about a happy Christmas but a sad one.
This seminal dictionary includes the collocate "based from" as one of the entries. It is parsed a... more This seminal dictionary includes the collocate "based from" as one of the entries. It is parsed as adjective and defined as "based on", meaning, synonymous to "based on." Although Bautista dismissed "based from" as a distinct grammatical feature in her book Defining Standard Philippine English: Its Status and Grammatical Features (2000) for not reaching the required minimum number of appearances, i.e., in at least 15 different texts in the International Corpus of English--Philippines, it still appeared five times. This, despite that much of the corpus is composed of edited materials produced by "educated" Filipinos (adults, 18 or over, who have received formal education through English as medium of instruction to the completion of at least secondary school) (Bautista, 2000). Due to this, Bautista and Gonzalez (2006) made an observation that "[t]he most obvious features of the Southeast Asian [English] varieties is the lack of mastery of idioms and of standard forms of two-word verbs or verb-pluspreposition combinations ([an] example from Philippine English: 'based from' instead of Standard English 'based on'…)." However, in 2010, it appears that the Anvil-Macquarie Philippine English Dictionary Revised Edition tried to remove "based from" from Standard Philippine English lexicon by foregrounding the nominal lemma "base" and putting the verb form in the end with the clarification thus: "to base something on something else is to use the first thing as a support for everything else." To concretize its linguistic instantiation, it offers the prepositional phrase "to base an argument on facts" (18) as an example. Eight years after the Anvil-Macquaries' attempt at removal and eighteen years after Bautista's dismissal of "based from", it is amazing to learn that is has not fallen out of grace nor favor among educated Filipinos. In a pedagogical paper by Bernardo entitled An Endocentric Approach to English Grammar Teaching, he explained that: in the local variety of English, Philippine English, the collocates result to, based from, and cope up with and the phrase Ø majority are evident; that is, they are used by a large number of educated Filipinos, and their use is acceptable (Bernardo 2013a); thus, they may no longer be considered as deviations or errors. (107) Cognitive Linguistics acknowledges the fact that the basic architecture of language involves socially and culturally situated cognition. Hence, cognitive linguists argue that the emergence of language as such and the presence of specific features in a language can only be explored sufficiently if linguists take into account the socially interactive nature of linguistic communication (Geeraerts, Kristiansen, & Peirsman, 2010).
Silencing is one of the most common practices in journalism especially if the issue is sensitive ... more Silencing is one of the most common practices in journalism especially if the issue is sensitive or critical. This paper looks into silencing as practiced in two articles from two leading Philippine national dailies.
Stylistic analysis of Robert Frost's 'The Road Not Taken' using cognitive metaphor approach and b... more Stylistic analysis of Robert Frost's 'The Road Not Taken' using cognitive metaphor approach and biographical criticism.
This short paper discusses the development of a bilingual child in comparison with the developmen... more This short paper discusses the development of a bilingual child in comparison with the development of a monolingual child.
connectionism (n.) An application in linguistics of a computational framework for modelling cogni... more connectionism (n.) An application in linguistics of a computational framework for modelling cognitive functions, based on numerical computation rather than symbol manipulation. A connectionist network (or neural network) is devised which models the kinds of structures and processes thought to operate in the brain: the processing units in the network are called 'neurons' (in an abstract sense) or 'nodes', each being excited or inhibited (according to certain numerical formulae) by information obtained from the other units to which it is connected. The pattern of neuronal activity represents the data being processed by the network. A particular interpretation (e.g. of speech input data) is likely to depend on the activity pattern of a large number of related units ('distributed representation'), the properties of which can be demonstrated only through statistical analysis. Because all the processing units compute at the same time, the approach is also known as parallel distributed processing. This approach contrasts with the view that people process sentences by transforming representations according to a set of rules, and rejects the notion that speakers internalize grammars, in the generative sense. Areas of application include the modelling of the non-discrete and statistical properties of language use, and the study of language processing within psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and computational linguistics (e.g. automatic speech recognition).