Francisco Matus - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Francisco Matus

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2017

Science of The Total Environment, 2021

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Fungi

The diversity of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and other beneficial root-associated fungi in tem... more The diversity of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and other beneficial root-associated fungi in temperate forests has scarcely been examined. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of mycorrhizal and rhizosphere-associated fungal communities in the terrestrial orchids Gavilea lutea and Chloraea collicensis growing in high-orchid-population-density areas in the piedmont of the Andes Cordillera with native forest (Nothofagus-Araucaria) and Coastal Cordillera with an exotic plantation (Pinus-Eucalyptus) in south-central Chile. We focused on rhizosphere-inhabiting and peloton-associated OMF in a native forest (Andes Cordillera) and a mixed forest (Coastal Cordillera). The native terrestrial orchids G. lutea and C. collicensis were localized, mycorrhizal root segments were taken to isolate peloton-associated OMF, and rhizosphere soil was taken to perform the metabarcoding approach. The results revealed that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the main rhizosphere-inhabiting fungal phyla, ...

In der chilenischen Kustenkordillera wurden entlang eines klimatischen Gradienten von 1500 km, vo... more In der chilenischen Kustenkordillera wurden entlang eines klimatischen Gradienten von 1500 km, von arid bis masig humid, naturliche Okosysteme ausgewahlt, um den Abbau der organischen Bodensubstanz (OBS) sowie die Nahrstofffreisetzung zu untersuchen. Mikroorganismen konnen mithilfe extrazellularer Enzyme organische Verbindungen aufspalten und Nahrstoffe fur Pflanzen bereitstellen. Es stellt sich die Frage, welchen Einfluss die Bodenfeuchte und der Kohlenstoffeintrag uber das Wurzelsystem auf den mikrobiellen Abbau haben. Es wurde die Hypothese gepruft, dass feuchte Bodenbedingungen und Wurzelnahe den enzymatischen OBS-Abbau und die Nahrstofffreisetzung fordern. In zwei Klimaregionen, einem humid gemasigtem und einem semiariden Waldgebiet, wurden entlang vertikaler (Bodentiefe) und horizontaler (Wurzelabstand) Gradienten folgende Parameter bestimmt: Bodenfeuchte, C- und N-Gehalte, d13C- und d15N-Werte sowie die Aktivitaten von sechs extrazellularen Enzymen, beteiligt in den C-, N- un...

$Research paper thumbnail of Patrones de la distribución del carbono orgánico por fracciones de partículas primarias del suelo$

REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA

Para analizar la dinámica del carbono orgánico de los suelos (COS) asociada a su cambio de uso, d... more Para analizar la dinámica del carbono orgánico de los suelos (COS) asociada a su cambio de uso, de vegetación y prácticas de manejo, es necesario desarrollar modelos para usarse en forma predictiva. Un enfoque de modelación es la distribución del COS presente en los complejos organominerales primarios (arcillas, limos y arenas) ligado a las fracciones físicas. Para la separación de las fracciones físicas se emplea la dispersión del suelo por ultrasonido, paso que requiere optimizar las energías de sonicación para lograr la completa dispersión del suelo. En este trabajo se discute el modelo COLPOS y su hipótesis, así como sus posibles extensiones que consideran las masas y los enriquecimientos de las fracciones físicas del suelo, adicionalmente al análisis de las relaciones entre esas fracciones. Para analizar los patrones asociados al modelo COLPOS y sus extensiones, se analizan resultados disponibles de fraccionamientos de suelos mexicanos realizados con ultrasonido, además de tres...

Frontiers in Soil Science, 2022

Plants and microorganisms, besides the climate, drive nitrogen (N) cycling in ecosystems. Our obj... more Plants and microorganisms, besides the climate, drive nitrogen (N) cycling in ecosystems. Our objective was to investigate N losses and N acquisition strategies along a unique ecosystem-sequence (ecosequence) ranging from arid shrubland through Mediterranean woodland to temperate rainforest. These ecosystems differ in mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperate, and vegetation cover, but developed on similar granitoid soil parent material, were addressed using a combination of molecular biology and soil biogeochemical tools. Soil N and carbon (C) contents, δ15N signatures, activities of N acquiring extracellular enzymes as well as the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi, and diazotrophs in bulk topsoil and rhizosphere were determined. Relative fungal abundance in the rhizosphere was higher under woodland and forest than under shrubland. This indicates toward plants' higher C investment into fungi in the Mediterranean and temperate rainforest sites than in the arid site. Fu...

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2000

The bacteria associated with oceanic algal blooms are acknowledged to play important roles in car... more The bacteria associated with oceanic algal blooms are acknowledged to play important roles in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, yet little information is available on their identities or phylogenetic affiliations. Three culture-independent methods were used to characterize bacteria from a dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)-producing algal bloom in the North Atlantic. Group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone libraries, and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis all indicated that the marine Roseobacter lineage was numerically important in the heterotrophic bacterial community, averaging >20% of the 16S rDNA sampled. Two other groups of heterotrophic bacteria, the SAR86 and SAR11 clades, were also shown by the three 16S rRNA-based methods to be abundant in the bloom community. In surface waters, the Roseobacter , SAR86, and SAR11 lineages together accounted for over 50% of the bacterial rDNA and showed little spatial v...

Journal of Fungi, 2021

Microaerophilic white-rot fungi (WRF) are impacted by oxygen depletion because of fluctuating red... more Microaerophilic white-rot fungi (WRF) are impacted by oxygen depletion because of fluctuating redox occurrence in southern temperate forest soils of Chile (1500–5000 mm year−1). How these conditions influence WRF survival has been scarcely examined. We explored the contributions of WRF to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of N2O and CH4 and soil organic C oxidation (CO2) in five sterilized and inoculated forest soils derived from various parent materials and climates. The soil was incubated for 20 days following (i) oxic, (ii) anoxic, and (iii) fluctuating redox conditions. Fungi contributed to 45% of the total GHG under redox fluctuating conditions, including the contribution of bacteria, while the opposite (26%) was valid for oxic treatment. On average, the highest gas emission (62%) was N2O for WRF under redox treatment, followed by anoxic (22%) and oxic (16%) treatments, while CO2 and CH4 emissions followed oxic > redox > anoxic. These data suggest that indigenous microbial W...

Goldschmidt2021 abstracts, 2021

Resorption of nutrients from senescing tissues is an im-portant aspect of the nutrient economy of... more Resorption of nutrients from senescing tissues is an im-portant aspect of the nutrient economy of perennial plants, and a major influence on ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Attempts to interpret the adaptive significance of variation in nutrient resorption efficiency have met with little suc-cess, leading some scientists to emphasize the need for more work on the biochemical and physiological basis of resorp-tion. One hypothesis suggests than variation in resorption is controlled by sink-source effects within the plant. Ac-cording to this hypothesis, we might expect resorption to be positively correlated with plant growth rates. This could be expected not only for comparisons among species or populations, but also when comparing conspecific individu-als growing at different rates, or the same plant during dif-ferent phases of the annual growth cycle. We measured sea-sonal variation in leaf litter nitrogen and phosphorous con-centrations of four evergreen tree species of the Valdivian r...

The silt and clay particles play a key role as stabilizing agents of soil organic carbon (SOC). S... more The silt and clay particles play a key role as stabilizing agents of soil organic carbon (SOC). Several lines of evidence indicate a theoretical maximum or C saturation in individual particles. In the present study, we hypothesized that a C fraction displaying linear accumulation relative to the SOC is not influenced by C saturation, while a fraction displaying an asymptotic relationship is regarded as saturated (Stewart et al., 2008). The aim of the present study was to compare the amount of C in the silt and clay sized fractions in temperate and subtropical cropping soils across a range of textures with different mineralogy. Twenty-one and 18 soil samples containing 1:1 and 2:1 clay of temperate soil from Chile under monoculture of maize (Zea maiz L.) for at least 30 years and 9 subtropical soils from Mexico under maize and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping for 9 years having mixed clay were collected at 0-0.1 m. The SOC of 2:1 soils was significantly higher (14±0.5 g kg-1 dry...

$Research paper thumbnail of Modelación simple y operativa de la distribución del carbono orgánico por fracciones físicas en los suelos$

Terra Latinoamericana, 2016

Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono organico del suelo (COS) son impor... more Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono organico del suelo (COS) son importantes para estudiar cambios en los ecosistemas terrestres. Hay modelos simples que, ofrecen la oportunidad de analizar la dinamica de las alteraciones provocadas por los cambios en el uso de suelo, la vegetacion y las practicas de manejo. En Mexico se dispone de informacion del COS total y la textura del suelo. En el presente trabajo se analizan diferentes esquemas para parametrizar el modelo COLPOS, el cual se desarrollo para caracterizar la distribucion del COS en fracciones fisicas del suelo. El modelo considera el COS de diferentes almacenes: materia organica particulada (MOP, materia organica labil) y complejos organominerales (MO + arena-limo-arcilla). El carbono organico inerte (COI), con tiempos medios de residencia de cientos a miles de anos, y el tamano de particula asociado, permiten precisar los parametros del modelo COLPOS y determinar las perdidas potenciales de carbono o...

Old-growth forests of southern Chile represent an important reserve of temperate forests worldwid... more Old-growth forests of southern Chile represent an important reserve of temperate forests worldwide. The precipitation chemistry in Chile still reflects the time of pre-industrial conditions. Thus, the productivity of the ecosystem mainly depends on the internal cycling of soil organic matter (SOM). However, catastrophic events, such as wildfires can initiate important changes in the physical and biogeochemical properties of SOM and therefore on the ecosystem habitat. We studied Araucaria-Nothofagus forests in the Andean mountains of Chile (38° S, 71° W) three years after they were affected by a huge wildfire in February 2002. The aims of this investigation were: (1) to analyze the effect of fire on the quality of SOM at different soil depths and (2) the changes in carbon content of an incomplete combustion of vegetal material after wildfire, refractory to decomposition, referred to as black carbon (BC). We used a combination of C and N analyses and SOM fractionation. The chemical an...

Biology

The major priority of research in the present day is to conserve the environment by reducing GHG ... more The major priority of research in the present day is to conserve the environment by reducing GHG emissions. A proposed solution by an expert panel from 195 countries meeting at COP 21 was to increase global SOC stocks by 0.4% year−1 to compensate for GHG emissions, the ‘4 per 1000′ agreement. In this context, the application of biocrusts is a promising framework with which to increase SOC and other soil functions in the soil–plant continuum. Despite the importance of biocrusts, their application to agriculture is limited due to: (1) competition with native microbiota, (2) difficulties in applying them on a large scale, (3) a lack of studies based on carbon (C) balance and suitable for model parameterization, and (4) a lack of studies evaluating the contribution of biocrust weathering to increase C sequestration. Considering these four challenges, we propose three perspectives for biocrust application: (1) natural microbiome engineering by a host plant, using biocrusts; (2) quantifyi...

Science of The Total Environment