Frank Pearson - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Frank Pearson

AIDS Education and Prevention, 2014

The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster ran... more The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster randomized trials to test an organizational process improvement strategy for implementing evidence-based improvements in HIV services for preventing, detecting, and/or treating HIV for individuals under correctional supervision. Nine research centers conducted cluster randomized trials in which one correctional facility used a modified Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) change team approach to implementing improved HIV services and the other facility

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

An NIJsponsored evaluation of the implementation of three demonstration programs for male juvenil... more An NIJsponsored evaluation of the implementation of three demonstration programs for male juveniles that explored how the adult boot camp strategy could be modified to serve the unique needs of juveniles.

Health & Justice, 2013

Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their ... more Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their prevalence of HIV is substantially higher than in the general population. Thus, the need for proper surveillance and care of this high risk population is a paramount public health issue. This study aims to evaluate an organization-level intervention strategy for improving HIV services for persons in prison or jail.

AIDS Education and Prevention, 2014

The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster ran... more The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster randomized trials to test an organizational process improvement strategy for implementing evidence-based improvements in HIV services for preventing, detecting, and/or treating HIV for individuals under correctional supervision. Nine research centers conducted cluster randomized trials in which one correctional facility used a modified Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) change team approach to implementing improved HIV services and the other facility

Offender Rehabilitation and Treatment, 2002

... Whitehead. In the introductory material, they argue that “what works” in correc-tional treatm... more ... Whitehead. In the introductory material, they argue that “what works” in correc-tional treatment is appropriate correctional service. Appropriate ... analytical purposes.THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES AND MILIEU THERAPY A typical ...

The Prison Journal, 1999

... The Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project obtained and coded evalua... more ... The Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project obtained and coded evaluation research studies (unpublished as well as published) of treatment/ intervention programs reported from 1968 to 1996. Meta ...

Substance Use & Misuse, 2000

This study presents a review and meta-analyses of research on the recidivism-reducing impact of c... more This study presents a review and meta-analyses of research on the recidivism-reducing impact of correctionally based treatment programs in Germany. The data are part of the Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project meta-analytic database (covering 1968-1996) of evaluation research studies of correctional interventions. Overall, the five studies of educational programs show no practical impact of these programs in reducing recidivism. Four studies of programs to counsel driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders fall in an intermediate area (not statistically significant, but promising enough to warrant further research). The eight studies of Social Therapy programs did show, on the average, a statistically significant practical impact in reducing recidivism.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2008

This study examined the relationships between substance abuse, mental health problems and HIV ris... more This study examined the relationships between substance abuse, mental health problems and HIV risk behavior in offenders discharged from prison and referred to substance abuse treatment programs. Data from 34 sites (n = 1,358) in a federally-funded cooperative agreement, the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS), were analyzed. Among parolees referred to substance abuse treatment, self reports for the six-month period before the arrest resulting in their incarceration revealed frequent problems with both substance use and mental health. HIV risk behavior was operationalized as either (a) unsafe injection drug use, e.g., sharing needles and/or sharing injection equipment, or (b) unsafe sex, e.g., sex without a condom. The findings were that (1) unsafe injection drug use was associated with unsafe sex and vice versa, (2) unsafe sex behavior was related to frequency of drug use, and (3) unsafe sex behavior was related to frequency of alcohol use. In these samples, mental health problems did not have a significant effect on risk behavior, controlling for other variables. Future research should probe this "nonfinding" using standardized diagnostic and symptom measures to provide greater detail on the mental health problems (e.g., age of onset, frequency, and severity of the problem).

Criminal Justice Review, 1978

Crime & Delinquency, 1990

ABSTRACT New Jersey's Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) provides substantially higher l... more ABSTRACT New Jersey's Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) provides substantially higher levels of punishment, supervision, and counseling than are provided under ordinary probation or parole. These three correctional elements are contingently administered. Based on the nature of the offense and the offender's conformity to the rules of ISP, the counseling and the punitive and supervisory constraints are gradually lessened over the 18-month program. The most recent data on participants' terminations and recidivism rates are presented. The cost-effectiveness of the program and some practical lessons learned are also discussed.

AIDS Education and Prevention, 2014

The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster ran... more The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster randomized trials to test an organizational process improvement strategy for implementing evidence-based improvements in HIV services for preventing, detecting, and/or treating HIV for individuals under correctional supervision. Nine research centers conducted cluster randomized trials in which one correctional facility used a modified Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) change team approach to implementing improved HIV services and the other facility

AIDS and Behavior, 2015

With numerous HIV service gaps in prisons and jails, there has been little research on HIV stigma... more With numerous HIV service gaps in prisons and jails, there has been little research on HIV stigma attitudes among correctional staff. Such attitudes may undermine HIV services for inmates at risk of or infected with HIV. This HIV stigma attitudes survey among 218 correctional staff in 32 US facilities (1) provides an overview of staff's stigma attitudes, (2) reports psychometric analyses of domains in Earnshaw and Chaudoir's HIV Stigma Framework (HSF), and (3) explores differences in stigma attitudes among different staff types. Overall, correctional and medical staff expressed non stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS, but perceived that stigma and discrimination exist in others. Factor analyses revealed a three factor structure capturing two mechanisms of the HSF (prejudice, discrimination). Few factor score differences were found by staff type or setting.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2008

Previous research has shown the performance of the CJDATS Co'-Occurring Disorders Screening Instr... more Previous research has shown the performance of the CJDATS Co'-Occurring Disorders Screening Instruments (CODSI-MD and SMD)-six-and three-item instruments to screen for any mental disorder (CODSI-MD) and for severe mental disorders (CODSI-SMD), respectively-to be comparable or superior to other, longer instruments. This study tested the stability of the performance of the CODSI-MD and SMD across three racial/ethnic groups of offenders entering prison substance abuse treatment programs (n = 353), consisting of 96 African American, 120 Latino, and 137 White admissions. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) was used to obtain DSM-IV Axis I and II diagnoses; a lifetime SCID diagnosis of a mental disorder or a severe mental disorder was the criterion against which the CODSI-MD and SMD were validated. Results showed no statistical differences in sensitivity or specificity for either the CODSI-MD or SMD across the African American, Latino, and White prisoner groups. The value of the CODSI-MD and SMD as brief screens for mental disorders among offenders with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is discussed.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2008

This article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental heal... more This article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental health diagnoses and treatment outcomes for female offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs. Preliminary findings of the effectiveness of therapeutic community (TC) treatment, modified for female offenders, relative to a control cognitive behavioral treatment condition, are presented. The hypothesis--that participants who fit into multiple diagnostic categories have more dysfunctional symptoms and behaviors at baseline--was confirmed; however, a hypothesized relationship between the number of Axis I diagnoses and 6 month treatment outcomes across five domains (mental health, trauma exposure, substance use, HIV needle risk behaviors, and HIV sexual risk) was not supported. Across all Axis I mental health groups, TC treatment was significantly more effective than the control condition overall, as well as on measures of mental health symptoms and HIV sexual risk. These findings suggest that this TC treatment program, as modified, is an effective model for women with varied diagnoses and diagnostic complexities.

Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 2000

A women's therapeutic community (TC) designed to prevent homelessness was evaluated using a quasi... more A women's therapeutic community (TC) designed to prevent homelessness was evaluated using a quasi-experimental process. Propensity analysis selected comparable experimental (E) and comparison (C) participants. Significant improvements were found for the E group at the domain level, both in ''psychological'' dysfunction on symptoms (e.g., depression), and in ''health,'' including ratings of health and adherence to medication regimens. No significant difference was found at the domain level for ''parenting'' or ''housing stabilization,'' but specific outcomes did differ. For example, a greater number of children resided with the E group mothers who also assumed financial responsibility for more of their children.

The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 1985

ICPSR Data Holdings, 2000

ICPSR Data Holdings, 2000

Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their ... more Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their prevalence of HIV is substantially higher than in the general population. Thus, the need for proper surveillance and care of this high risk population is a paramount public health issue. This study aims to evaluate an organization-level intervention strategy for improving HIV services for persons in prison or jail.

American Journal of Public Health, 2014

We tested a modified Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) process improveme... more We tested a modified Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) process improvement model to implement improved HIV services (prevention, testing, and linkage to treatment) for offenders under correctional supervision. As part of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies, Phase 2, the HIV Services and Treatment Implementation in Corrections study conducted 14 cluster-randomized trials in 2011 to 2013 at 9 US sites, where one correctional facility received training in HIV services and coaching in a modified NIATx model and the other received only HIV training. The outcome measure was the odds of successful delivery of an HIV service. The results were significant at the .05 level, and the point estimate for the odds ratio was 2.14. Although overall the results were heterogeneous, the experiments that focused on implementing HIV prevention interventions had a 95% confidence interval that exceeded the no-difference point. Our results demonstrate that a modified NIATx process improvement model can effectively implement improved rates of delivery of some types of HIV services in correctional environments.

AIDS Education and Prevention, 2014

The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster ran... more The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster randomized trials to test an organizational process improvement strategy for implementing evidence-based improvements in HIV services for preventing, detecting, and/or treating HIV for individuals under correctional supervision. Nine research centers conducted cluster randomized trials in which one correctional facility used a modified Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) change team approach to implementing improved HIV services and the other facility

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

An NIJsponsored evaluation of the implementation of three demonstration programs for male juvenil... more An NIJsponsored evaluation of the implementation of three demonstration programs for male juveniles that explored how the adult boot camp strategy could be modified to serve the unique needs of juveniles.

Health & Justice, 2013

Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their ... more Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their prevalence of HIV is substantially higher than in the general population. Thus, the need for proper surveillance and care of this high risk population is a paramount public health issue. This study aims to evaluate an organization-level intervention strategy for improving HIV services for persons in prison or jail.

AIDS Education and Prevention, 2014

The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster ran... more The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster randomized trials to test an organizational process improvement strategy for implementing evidence-based improvements in HIV services for preventing, detecting, and/or treating HIV for individuals under correctional supervision. Nine research centers conducted cluster randomized trials in which one correctional facility used a modified Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) change team approach to implementing improved HIV services and the other facility

Offender Rehabilitation and Treatment, 2002

... Whitehead. In the introductory material, they argue that “what works” in correc-tional treatm... more ... Whitehead. In the introductory material, they argue that “what works” in correc-tional treatment is appropriate correctional service. Appropriate ... analytical purposes.THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES AND MILIEU THERAPY A typical ...

The Prison Journal, 1999

... The Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project obtained and coded evalua... more ... The Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project obtained and coded evaluation research studies (unpublished as well as published) of treatment/ intervention programs reported from 1968 to 1996. Meta ...

Substance Use & Misuse, 2000

This study presents a review and meta-analyses of research on the recidivism-reducing impact of c... more This study presents a review and meta-analyses of research on the recidivism-reducing impact of correctionally based treatment programs in Germany. The data are part of the Correctional Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (CDATE) project meta-analytic database (covering 1968-1996) of evaluation research studies of correctional interventions. Overall, the five studies of educational programs show no practical impact of these programs in reducing recidivism. Four studies of programs to counsel driving-under-the-influence (DUI) offenders fall in an intermediate area (not statistically significant, but promising enough to warrant further research). The eight studies of Social Therapy programs did show, on the average, a statistically significant practical impact in reducing recidivism.

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2008

This study examined the relationships between substance abuse, mental health problems and HIV ris... more This study examined the relationships between substance abuse, mental health problems and HIV risk behavior in offenders discharged from prison and referred to substance abuse treatment programs. Data from 34 sites (n = 1,358) in a federally-funded cooperative agreement, the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS), were analyzed. Among parolees referred to substance abuse treatment, self reports for the six-month period before the arrest resulting in their incarceration revealed frequent problems with both substance use and mental health. HIV risk behavior was operationalized as either (a) unsafe injection drug use, e.g., sharing needles and/or sharing injection equipment, or (b) unsafe sex, e.g., sex without a condom. The findings were that (1) unsafe injection drug use was associated with unsafe sex and vice versa, (2) unsafe sex behavior was related to frequency of drug use, and (3) unsafe sex behavior was related to frequency of alcohol use. In these samples, mental health problems did not have a significant effect on risk behavior, controlling for other variables. Future research should probe this "nonfinding" using standardized diagnostic and symptom measures to provide greater detail on the mental health problems (e.g., age of onset, frequency, and severity of the problem).

Criminal Justice Review, 1978

Crime & Delinquency, 1990

ABSTRACT New Jersey's Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) provides substantially higher l... more ABSTRACT New Jersey's Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) provides substantially higher levels of punishment, supervision, and counseling than are provided under ordinary probation or parole. These three correctional elements are contingently administered. Based on the nature of the offense and the offender's conformity to the rules of ISP, the counseling and the punitive and supervisory constraints are gradually lessened over the 18-month program. The most recent data on participants' terminations and recidivism rates are presented. The cost-effectiveness of the program and some practical lessons learned are also discussed.

AIDS Education and Prevention, 2014

The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster ran... more The National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies research program conducted cluster randomized trials to test an organizational process improvement strategy for implementing evidence-based improvements in HIV services for preventing, detecting, and/or treating HIV for individuals under correctional supervision. Nine research centers conducted cluster randomized trials in which one correctional facility used a modified Network for Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) change team approach to implementing improved HIV services and the other facility

AIDS and Behavior, 2015

With numerous HIV service gaps in prisons and jails, there has been little research on HIV stigma... more With numerous HIV service gaps in prisons and jails, there has been little research on HIV stigma attitudes among correctional staff. Such attitudes may undermine HIV services for inmates at risk of or infected with HIV. This HIV stigma attitudes survey among 218 correctional staff in 32 US facilities (1) provides an overview of staff's stigma attitudes, (2) reports psychometric analyses of domains in Earnshaw and Chaudoir's HIV Stigma Framework (HSF), and (3) explores differences in stigma attitudes among different staff types. Overall, correctional and medical staff expressed non stigmatizing attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS, but perceived that stigma and discrimination exist in others. Factor analyses revealed a three factor structure capturing two mechanisms of the HSF (prejudice, discrimination). Few factor score differences were found by staff type or setting.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2008

Previous research has shown the performance of the CJDATS Co'-Occurring Disorders Screening Instr... more Previous research has shown the performance of the CJDATS Co'-Occurring Disorders Screening Instruments (CODSI-MD and SMD)-six-and three-item instruments to screen for any mental disorder (CODSI-MD) and for severe mental disorders (CODSI-SMD), respectively-to be comparable or superior to other, longer instruments. This study tested the stability of the performance of the CODSI-MD and SMD across three racial/ethnic groups of offenders entering prison substance abuse treatment programs (n = 353), consisting of 96 African American, 120 Latino, and 137 White admissions. The Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) was used to obtain DSM-IV Axis I and II diagnoses; a lifetime SCID diagnosis of a mental disorder or a severe mental disorder was the criterion against which the CODSI-MD and SMD were validated. Results showed no statistical differences in sensitivity or specificity for either the CODSI-MD or SMD across the African American, Latino, and White prisoner groups. The value of the CODSI-MD and SMD as brief screens for mental disorders among offenders with diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is discussed.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2008

This article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental heal... more This article describes a study that examined the relationship between multiple Axis I mental health diagnoses and treatment outcomes for female offenders in prison substance abuse treatment programs. Preliminary findings of the effectiveness of therapeutic community (TC) treatment, modified for female offenders, relative to a control cognitive behavioral treatment condition, are presented. The hypothesis--that participants who fit into multiple diagnostic categories have more dysfunctional symptoms and behaviors at baseline--was confirmed; however, a hypothesized relationship between the number of Axis I diagnoses and 6 month treatment outcomes across five domains (mental health, trauma exposure, substance use, HIV needle risk behaviors, and HIV sexual risk) was not supported. Across all Axis I mental health groups, TC treatment was significantly more effective than the control condition overall, as well as on measures of mental health symptoms and HIV sexual risk. These findings suggest that this TC treatment program, as modified, is an effective model for women with varied diagnoses and diagnostic complexities.

Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 2000

A women's therapeutic community (TC) designed to prevent homelessness was evaluated using a quasi... more A women's therapeutic community (TC) designed to prevent homelessness was evaluated using a quasi-experimental process. Propensity analysis selected comparable experimental (E) and comparison (C) participants. Significant improvements were found for the E group at the domain level, both in ''psychological'' dysfunction on symptoms (e.g., depression), and in ''health,'' including ratings of health and adherence to medication regimens. No significant difference was found at the domain level for ''parenting'' or ''housing stabilization,'' but specific outcomes did differ. For example, a greater number of children resided with the E group mothers who also assumed financial responsibility for more of their children.

The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 1985

ICPSR Data Holdings, 2000

ICPSR Data Holdings, 2000

Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their ... more Background: Persons held in correctional facilities are at high risk for HIV infection and their prevalence of HIV is substantially higher than in the general population. Thus, the need for proper surveillance and care of this high risk population is a paramount public health issue. This study aims to evaluate an organization-level intervention strategy for improving HIV services for persons in prison or jail.

American Journal of Public Health, 2014

We tested a modified Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) process improveme... more We tested a modified Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) process improvement model to implement improved HIV services (prevention, testing, and linkage to treatment) for offenders under correctional supervision. As part of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies, Phase 2, the HIV Services and Treatment Implementation in Corrections study conducted 14 cluster-randomized trials in 2011 to 2013 at 9 US sites, where one correctional facility received training in HIV services and coaching in a modified NIATx model and the other received only HIV training. The outcome measure was the odds of successful delivery of an HIV service. The results were significant at the .05 level, and the point estimate for the odds ratio was 2.14. Although overall the results were heterogeneous, the experiments that focused on implementing HIV prevention interventions had a 95% confidence interval that exceeded the no-difference point. Our results demonstrate that a modified NIATx process improvement model can effectively implement improved rates of delivery of some types of HIV services in correctional environments.